International journal of immunopharmacology最新文献

{"title":"Effects of a glyconutrient on macrophage functions","authors":"Doris L Lefkowitz ,&nbsp;Rod Stuart ,&nbsp;Bryan T Gnade ,&nbsp;Erin Roberts ,&nbsp;Stanley S Lefkowitz","doi":"10.1016/S0192-0561(99)00085-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0192-0561(99)00085-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Previous studies have shown that mannosylated bovine serum albumin (mBSA) enhances the respiratory burst (RB), </span>phagocytosis, and killing of </span><span><em>Candida albicans</em></span> and <em>Escherichia coli</em> by resident murine peritoneal macrophages (M<em>φ</em>). Upregulation of the above M<em>φ</em><span> functions was associated with the binding of mBSA to the macrophage mannose receptor. The present study was done to determine if certain glyconutrients could stimulate M</span><em>φ</em> functions in a similar manner. Resident peritoneal murine M<em>φ</em><span> collected from C57BL/6 mice were exposed to the glyconutrients for 10 and 60 min. The RB was measured using chemiluminescence. Both phagocytosis and killing were measured after incubation with each of the following microorganisms: </span><em>Candida albicans, Escherichia coli</em> and <span><em>Staphylococcus aureus</em></span><span>. The percent phagocytosis and killing were determined using fluorescence microscopy. Results indicated that certain glyconutrients, caused a dose and time dependent effect on M</span><em>φ</em>-induced killing of all three microorganisms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14002,"journal":{"name":"International journal of immunopharmacology","volume":"22 4","pages":"Pages 299-308"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0192-0561(99)00085-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21543510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of thymic hormones in cancer diagnosis and treatment","authors":"Bela Bodey ,&nbsp;Bela Bodey Jr ,&nbsp;Stuart E Siegel ,&nbsp;Hans E Kaiser","doi":"10.1016/S0192-0561(99)00084-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0192-0561(99)00084-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span>The thymus is an endocrine organ. A unified, physiological concept of humoral regulations of the immune response has emerged in the last three decades. The thymus is the major site of production of immunocompetent T lymphocytes from their </span>hematopoietic stem cells. This complex process required direct cell to cell, receptor based interactions, as well as in situ paracrine information via the numerous cytokines and </span>thymic hormones<span><span> produced by the cells of thymic microenvironment. Thymic hormones induce in situ T-cell marker differentiation, expression and functions. These polypeptide hormones have also been shown by means of immunocytochemistry to localize in the reticulo-epithelial (RE) cells of the thymic </span>cellular microenvironment. Due to the great complexity of the intrathymic maturation sequence of T lymphocytes and the diverse immunophenotypically unique subpopulations of T lymphocytes, it is quite unlikely that a single </span></span>thymic humoral factor<span><span> could control all of the molecular steps and cell populations involved. It is much more likely that an extremely rich and diverse, but genetically determined, milieu is present within the thymus, and that thus the control of intrathymic T lymphocyte maturation and the functional maturation of T cells involves the orchestral interaction of various thymic-specific factors and other molecules during the differentiation process. Thymosin fraction 5<span><span> and its constituent peptides influence several properties of lymphocytes including cyclic nucleotide levels, </span>migration inhibitory factor production, T-dependent </span></span>antibody production<span><span>, as well as the expression of various cell surface maturation/differentiation markers. Recently, derivatives of thymic hormones, mostly of thymosins, have been detected as products of neoplastically transformed cells and employed in the early diagnosis of neoplasms. In clinical trials, thymic hormones strengthen the effects of immunomodulators in immunodeficiencies, autoimmune diseases, and neoplastic malignancies. Combined chemo-immunotherapeutical anti-cancer treatment seems to be more efficacious than chemotherapy alone, and the significant hematopoietic toxicity associated with most chemotherapeutical clinical trials can be reduced significantly by the addition of </span>immunotherapy.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":14002,"journal":{"name":"International journal of immunopharmacology","volume":"22 4","pages":"Pages 261-273"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0192-0561(99)00084-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21543507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of melatonin on immunotoxicity of cadmium","authors":"Young-Ok Kim ,&nbsp;Young-Keun Ahn ,&nbsp;Joung-Hoon Kim","doi":"10.1016/S0192-0561(99)00082-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0192-0561(99)00082-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span>The results suggested that immunotoxicity induced by Cd was significantly restored or prevented by </span>MLT. MLT (10 or 50 mg/kg) was orally administered to </span>ICR mice daily for 28 consecutive days, and cadmium (Cd, as [Cd(AC)</span>₂<span><span>]) was also administered at 25 mg/kg by the same route 2 h after the administration of MLT, and the normal mice were given vehicle. Within the Cd plus MLT-treated group, the body weight gains and relative thymus weights were significantly increased when compared with the treatment of Cd alone. The relative spleen and liver weights were increased by treatment of Cd alone, then restored to normal value by MLT treatment. </span>Hemagglutination<span> (HA) titer, primary IgM antibody response<span><span> to SRBC, and secondary IgG antibody response to BSA was significantly increased with the Cd plus MLT-treated mice, as opposed to when compared with treatment of Cd alone. The NK cell and </span>phagocytic activity<span> used for evaluation of non-specific immunocompetence was significantly increased in Cd plus MLT-treated mice when compared with the treatment of Cd alone. The number of peripheral leukocytes was significantly increased in Cd plus MLT-treated mice when compared with treatment of Cd alone.</span></span></span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":14002,"journal":{"name":"International journal of immunopharmacology","volume":"22 4","pages":"Pages 275-284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0192-0561(99)00082-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21543508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanism of thymocyte apoptosis induced by serum of tumor-bearing host: the molecular events involved and their inhibition by thymosin α-1","authors":"Rajat Roy,&nbsp;Sukh Mahendra Singh,&nbsp;Anil Shanker","doi":"10.1016/S0192-0561(99)00087-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0192-0561(99)00087-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The observations presented in this paper indicate that serum of Dalton’s lymphoma (DL) bearing mice contained certain soluble factor(s) that augmented the induction of apoptosis in thymocytes in a time- and dose-dependent manner. DL-ascitic fluid and DL-conditioned medium could also induce apoptosis of thymocytes in vitro, though the magnitude of the same was consistently lower than that induced by serum of DL-bearing mice. It was observed that the interaction of </span><em>FasL</em><span><span> and TNFα with their respective receptors could trigger apoptosis in thymocytes. Elucidation of the signal transduction mechanism revealed involvement of </span>protein tyrosine kinase<span>, protein kinase C<span> and ser/thr phosphatases with concomitant increase in the level of protein products of apoptosis associated genes </span></span></span><em>p53, bax, bad, fas</em> and <span><em>fas ligand</em></span><span> and cleavage of N-terminal 23 kDa fragment of Bcl-2 that exhibited Bax-like death effector properties. Further, we report, for the first time, the ability of thymosin α-1, an immunopotentiating thymic hormone, to antagonize apoptosis in thymocytes induced by factors present in serum of DL-bearing mice. The underlying mechanism of tumor serum induced apoptosis inhibition by thymosin α-1 was also analyzed. The signal transduction cascade evoked by thymosin α-1 involves activation of protein kinase C with a decrease in the level of protein products of proapoptotic genes like </span><em>bax</em> and <em>bad</em> and increase in the protein products of <em>bcl-2</em> gene.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14002,"journal":{"name":"International journal of immunopharmacology","volume":"22 4","pages":"Pages 309-321"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0192-0561(99)00087-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92076203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of FTY720, a novel immunosuppressant, on adjuvant- and collagen-induced arthritis in rats","authors":"Mamoru Matsuura,&nbsp;Tomonori Imayoshi,&nbsp;Takeki Okumoto","doi":"10.1016/S0192-0561(99)00088-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0192-0561(99)00088-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The anti-arthritic effect of FTY720<span><span>, 2-amino-2-[2-(4-octylphenyl)ethyl]propane-1,3-diol hydrochloride, a novel immunosuppressant which induces peripheral </span>lymphocyte homing<span><span> to peripheral lymph nodes<span>, was compared with those of anti-rheumatic compounds, mizoribine and </span></span>prednisolone in rat adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA) and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). FTY720 at doses of 0.03–0.3 mg/kg, mizoribine at 3–30 mg/kg, and prednisolone at 1–10 mg/kg were orally administered to rats for 21 days from the day of inoculation with heat-killed </span></span></span><span><em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em></span><span> or type II collagen<span>. Efficacy of FTY720 at 0.3 mg/kg was almost equal or higher as compared with those of mizoribine and prednisolone in both AA and CIA models. FTY720, but not mizoribine and prednisolone, decreased selectively lymphocyte counts in the peripheral blood in both models below the levels of the normal rats. Although FTY720 gave no other abnormal signs resulting in side effects, mizoribine was lethal to rats at 30 mg/kg and prednisolone inhibited body weight gain at 10 mg/kg, indicating that FTY720 has a wider margin of safety compared with these reference compounds. FTY720 also inhibited the production of anti-collagen antibody in CIA model, while neither mizoribine nor prednisolone did it. These results suggest that FTY720 is a promising compound for the treatment of arthritis with a unique profile.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":14002,"journal":{"name":"International journal of immunopharmacology","volume":"22 4","pages":"Pages 323-331"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0192-0561(99)00088-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21542734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aflatoxin B1 inhibits CD14-mediated nitric oxide production in murine peritoneal macrophages","authors":"Eun-Yi Moon,&nbsp;Suhkneung Pyo","doi":"10.1016/S0192-0561(99)00081-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0192-0561(99)00081-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁<span><span>), a potent hepatocarcinogen, has been known to impair non-specific and specific immunity. Macrophages play an important role in host defense against tumors and microorganisms and a number of compounds are implicated in macrophage cytotoxicity. Since activated by the reaction of </span>LPS<span><span> with CD14, macrophages produce </span>nitric oxide (NO) that is a cytotoxic effector molecule in cell killing. In the present study, we investigated whether the alteration of CD14 level on macrophages by AFB</span></span>₁ affects NO production in murine peritoneal macrophages. When macrophages were stimulated with LPS after AFB₁-pretreatment, or they were co-treated with LPS and AFB₁, the NO production decreased in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, when macrophages were post-treated with AFB₁<span> after LPS-stimulation, NO production was unchanged. DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis were reduced by AFB</span>₁<span>-pretreatment of macrophages. The addition of anti-CD14 antibodies to the cultures decreased NO production further. FACS analysis showed that the binding of anti-CD14 antibodies to the macrophages was suppressed by AFB</span>₁-pretreatment followed by LPS-stimulation. However, AFB₁ does not alter the binding anti-CD14 antibodies to the macrophages without LPS-stimulation. In contrast, AFB₁ pretreatment increased an amount of CD14 released in culture medium. Taken together, these data indicate that the reduced NO production in murine peritoneal macrophages by AFB₁-pretreatment is related to the suppressed expression of CD14 on macrophage membrane and to the increased secretion of it to culture medium after LPS-stimulation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14002,"journal":{"name":"International journal of immunopharmacology","volume":"22 3","pages":"Pages 237-246"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0192-0561(99)00081-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21538832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strain differences in binding properties of estrogen receptors in immature and adult BALB/c and MRL/MP-lpr/lpr mice, a model of systemic lupus erythematosus","authors":"Yacoub Y Dhaher ,&nbsp;Ben Greenstein ,&nbsp;Elizabeth de Fougerolles Nunn ,&nbsp;Munther Khamashta ,&nbsp;Graham R.V Hughes","doi":"10.1016/S0192-0561(99)00090-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0192-0561(99)00090-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The aim was to compare binding properties of estrogen receptors in brain, reproductive and immune tissues of immature and adult female BALB/c mice, and in the same tissues of MRL/MP-</span><em>lpr</em>/<em>lpr</em><span><span> mice. The latter strain spontaneously develops an autoimmune disease resembling human systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus; SLE). It is hypothesized that </span>estradiol<span><span>, through its receptors, mediates the progression of murine SLE. High-speed cytosols were prepared from hypothalamus<span>, spleen, thymus and uterus of both strains, and incubated with the </span></span>synthetic estrogen </span></span>³<span>H-moxestrol (NEN). Scatchard plots were derived from binding isotherms obtained after in vitro incubation. In addition, cervical lymph nodes from MRL mice could be used, but were too small in BALB/c mice. There was a significant increase in the affinity of the binding reaction i.e. a decrease in the apparent molar dissociation constant (Kd), in immune tissues and uterus with maturation in MRL but not BALB/c mice, whose tissues had, overall, a lower affinity for </span>³H-moxestrol. Receptor concentrations were significantly higher in spleen and cervical lymph nodes of adult compared with immature MRL mice, but the opposite pattern was observed in BALB/c mouse spleen on maturation. These properties of estrogen receptors in MRL mice may underlie estrogen-mediated exacerbation of murine SLE.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14002,"journal":{"name":"International journal of immunopharmacology","volume":"22 3","pages":"Pages 247-254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0192-0561(99)00090-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21538833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulatory effect of 7-thia-8-oxoguanosine on proliferation of rat thymocytes in vitro stimulated with concanavalin A","authors":"M Čolić ,&nbsp;S Gašić ,&nbsp;D Vučević ,&nbsp;Lj Pavičić ,&nbsp;P Popović ,&nbsp;D Jandrić ,&nbsp;Lj Medić-Mijačević ,&nbsp;Lj Rakić","doi":"10.1016/S0192-0561(99)00077-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0192-0561(99)00077-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>7-thia-8-oxoguanosine (immunosine) is a guanosine<span><span> analogue showing immunostimulatory activity on different components of the immune system, including B lymphocytes, natural killer cells and macrophages. However, little is known about its effect on T-cell functions. In this work it was demonstrated that immunosine at concentrations between 10 μM and 1 mM stimulated proliferation of rat thymocytes<span> in vitro triggered by suboptimal concentrations of concanavalin A (Con A). The effect correlated with increased </span></span>interleukin 2 (IL-2) production, upregulation of the IL-2 receptor α (IL-2Rα) expression and decreased apoptosis of thymocytes in comparison to the effect of Con A alone.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":14002,"journal":{"name":"International journal of immunopharmacology","volume":"22 3","pages":"Pages 203-212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0192-0561(99)00077-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21538829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased T cell cytotoxicity by Betathine™-induced upregulation of TNFα","authors":"Thomas M Dunn ,&nbsp;Susan Wormsley ,&nbsp;Floyd E Taub ,&nbsp;Carol H Pontzer","doi":"10.1016/S0192-0561(99)00078-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0192-0561(99)00078-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Betathine™ (BT) is a low molecular weight disulfide that has previously been shown to exhibit in vivo </span>antitumor activity<span><span><span> in murine myeloma<span> and melanoma models. We have shown that BT treatment of both human T cells and </span></span>monocytes is associated with an increase in surface </span>tumor necrosis<span><span> alpha (TNFα) expression. Further, in T cells and monocytes that have been stimulated with PMA and </span>ionomycin, the addition of BT results in a dose and time dependent increase in the percentage of high TNFα-expressing cells. Unlike TNFα upregulation produced by the commonly used thiol antioxidant </span></span></span><em>N</em>-acetyl-<span>l</span>-cysteine (NAC), the BT-induced increase in TNFα is observed consistently in different donors. This increase in surface TNFα is associated with elevated levels of TNFα mRNA. In addition, expression of TNFα receptor I is also significantly enhanced by BT treatment. The upregulation of surface TNFα by BT has functional consequences, in that, BT-treated T cells exhibit enhanced cytotoxic activity. Thus, increased TNFα expression may be one mechanism responsible for the antineoplastic activity of BT.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14002,"journal":{"name":"International journal of immunopharmacology","volume":"22 3","pages":"Pages 213-227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0192-0561(99)00078-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21538830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FK506 inhibition of histamine release and cytokine production by mast cells and basophils","authors":"T. Sengoku,&nbsp;S. Kishi,&nbsp;S. Sakuma,&nbsp;Y. Ohkubo,&nbsp;T. Goto","doi":"10.1016/S0192-0561(99)00076-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0192-0561(99)00076-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Histamine release<span> and cytokine production by mast cells and </span></span>basophils<span><span> are thought to be closely involved in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. Some reports show that FK506 (tacrolimus hydrate) inhibited histamine release and cytokine production by mast cells and basophils. However, as the effects of FK506 has not been compared with those of clinically used drugs in those reports, the clinical relevancy of FK506 inhibition remained unclear. In this paper, we compared the actions of FK506 with those of steroids or </span>disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) which has been clinically used. FK506 inhibited histamine release by Brown–Norway rat peritoneal mast cells more potently than steroids and especially DSCG. FK506 also inhibited histamine release by a mast rat </span></span>basophilic leukemia (RBL)-1 cell line and human peripheral blood basophils, whereas steroids failed to inhibit histamine release by human basophils. FK506 as well as steroids inhibited TNF-α and IL-4 production by RBL-1 cells. FK506 was therefore more effective than steroids and DSCG in inhibiting histamine release, and it also had the ability of inhibiting cytokine production by mast cells as steroids do. We concluded that FK506 might regulate allergic diseases via these actions, judging from the viewpoint of clinical relevancy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14002,"journal":{"name":"International journal of immunopharmacology","volume":"22 3","pages":"Pages 189-201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0192-0561(99)00076-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21539484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}