Cancer Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Diagnostic and Prognostic Significance of Exosomes and Their Components in Patients With Cancers.","authors":"Zinnat Ara Moni, Zahid Hasan, Md Shaheen Alam, Nitai Roy, Farhadul Islam","doi":"10.1002/cam4.70569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.70569","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cancer is the second leading cause of human mortality worldwide. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from liquid biopsy samples are used in early cancer detection, characterization, and surveillance. Exosomes are a subset of EVs produced by all cells and present in all body fluids. They play an important role in the development of cancer because they are active transporters capable of carrying the contents of any type of cell. The objective of this review was to provide a brief overview of the clinical implication of exosomes or exosomal components in cancer diagnosis and prognosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An extensive review of the current literature of exosomes and their components in cancer diagnosis and prognosis were carried out in the current study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Tumor cells release exosomes that contribute to the formation of the pre-metastatic microenvironment, angiogenesis, invasion, and treatment resistance. On the contrary, tumor cells release more exosomes than normal cells, and these tumor-specific exosomes can carry the genomic and proteomic signature contents of the tumor cells, which can act as tools for the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with cancers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This information may help clinicians to improve the management of cancer patients in clinical settings in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":139,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Medicine","volume":"14 1","pages":"e70569"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142930115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Regular Statin Intake on Prostate-Specific Antigen Values, Prostate Cancer Incidence and Overall Survival in a Prospective Screening Trial (ERSPC Aarau).","authors":"Alkiviadis Papagiannakis, Maciej Kwiatkowski, Stephen F Wyler, Ashkan Mortezavi, Lukas Manka, Marian S Wettstein, Rainer Grobholz, Angelika Hammerer-Lercher, Daniel Eberli, Lukas Werner Prause","doi":"10.1002/cam4.70485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.70485","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>While statins have demonstrated a variety of antineoplastic effects in preclinical studies, several retrospective clinical studies and observational studies have not shown a consistent chemopreventive benefit against prostate cancer (PCa). Therefore, in this population-based cohort study, we examined the association of statin intake on prostate specific antigen (PSA) values and risk of development of PCa.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>N = 4,314 men from the Swiss section of the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC) were evaluated. N = 761 men were statin users [Stat+]. The median follow-up was 9.6 years. A transrectal prostate biopsy was performed in men with a PSA-level ≥ 3 ng/mL. Mortality and incidence data was obtained through registry linkages. PCa incidence, total serum PSA level, free-to-total PSA level, and overall survival were compared between [Stat+] and [Stat-] patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Total PSA values were significantly lower in [Stat+] patients at baseline (1.5 vs. 1.8 ng/mL, p < 0.001) and at last follow-up (1.8 vs. 2.1 ng/mL, p < 0.001). PCa detection during the follow-up period was significantly associated with baseline PSA. The overall incidence of PCa showed no statistical difference among [Stat+] and [Stat-] groups (7.4% vs. 9.5%, p = 0.08), indicating that statin use had no effect on the risk of developing PCa during follow-up. [Stat+] patients had a significantly higher overall mortality risk compared to [Stat-] patients (HR 2.04, p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>A significant risk reduction in the development of PCa in [Stat+] patients was not found. We did observe lower PSA values among [Stat+] patients, compared to [Stat-] patients, with an increasing difference during follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":139,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Medicine","volume":"14 1","pages":"e70485"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142930118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptome Concordance Between Borderline Tumors and Endometrioid Carcinoma: An Integrative Genomic Analysis.","authors":"Mio Takahashi, Kohei Nakamura, Tatsuyuki Chiyoda, Chihiro Okada, Sachio Nohara, Reika Takamatsu, Shintaro Yanazume, Hiroaki Kobayashi, Hiroshi Nishihara, Wataru Yamagami","doi":"10.1002/cam4.70601","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cam4.70601","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Borderline ovarian tumors (BOTs) differ from ovarian carcinomas in their clinical presentation and behavior, yet their molecular characteristics remain poorly understood. This study aims to address this gap by integrating whole-exome sequencing (WES) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to compare BOTs with high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC), endometrioid carcinoma (EC), and clear-cell carcinoma (CCC).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To elucidate the molecular features of BOTs and evaluate their similarities and differences in comparison to HGSC, EC, and CCC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study analyzed 44 ovarian tumor samples, employing WES to identify genomic alterations and RNA-seq to examine transcriptomic profiles. Comparative analyses were conducted to investigate the molecular relationships among the tumor types.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The genomic analysis revealed that BOTs share significant similarities with EC. Furthermore, the transcriptomic data highlighted a novel and substantial similarity between BOTs and EC, suggesting deeper biological linkages, including potentially shared oncogenic pathways or tumor microenvironmental factors. These findings challenge traditional classifications and suggest a closer molecular alignment of BOTs with EC than previously understood.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides new insights into the molecular characteristics of BOTs, demonstrating their significant resemblance to EC at both the genomic and transcriptomic levels. These results underscore the potential need to reconsider the molecular classification of ovarian tumors and open new avenues for research into the pathogenesis and treatment strategies for BOTs.</p>","PeriodicalId":139,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Medicine","volume":"14 2","pages":"e70601"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11751852/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142996657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting Outcomes in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Using scRNA-Seq and Bulk RNA-Seq: A Model Development and Validation Study.","authors":"Jiaqi Zhang, Shunzhe Song, Yuqing Li, Aixia Gong","doi":"10.1002/cam4.70617","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cam4.70617","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Altered glucose metabolism is a critical characteristic from the beginning stage of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and the phenomenon is presented as a pink-color sign under endoscopy after iodine staining. Therefore, calculating the metabolic score based on the glucose metabolic gene sets may bring some novel insights, enabling the prediction of prognosis and the identification of treatment choices for ESCC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 8, 99, and 140 individuals from The Gene Expression Omnibus database, The Cancer Genome Atlas database, and the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, respectively, were encompassed in the investigation. Patients diagnosed with ESCC after surgery were enrolled for further validation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 13 kinds of cell clusters were screened, and the squamous epithelium was identified with the highest score. And 558 differential genes were selected from the single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) dataset. Four glucose metabolism-related genes, namely, SERP1, CTSC, RAP2B, and SSR4, were identified as hub genes to develop a risk prognostic model. The model was validated in another external cohort. According to the risk score (RS) determined by the model, the patients were categorized into low- and high-risk groups (LRG and HRG). Compared with LRG, HRG indicated poor survival and decreased drug sensitivity. Additionally, the immune microenvironment and pathway enrichment were different between the two groups. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that hub genes were expressed differently in ESCC tissues, high- and low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, and adjacent normal tissues.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Four hub genes (SERP1, CTSC, RAP2B, and SSR4) screened based on glucose metabolism developed a predictive model in ESCC patients. The RS was established as an independent risk factor for predicting prognosis. These findings may enhance understanding of ESCC's molecular profile and serve as a new prognostic tool for better patient stratification and treatment planning in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":139,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Medicine","volume":"14 2","pages":"e70617"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11751878/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142996694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Overview of In Vitro Models of Alcohol-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma.","authors":"Anoïsia Courtois, Sophie Gérard, Damien Esparteiro, Eric Nguyen-Khac, Ingrid Marcq, Grégory Fouquet","doi":"10.1002/cam4.70524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.70524","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic and excessive alcohol consumption is the leading cause of death due to chronic liver disease. Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) encompasses a broad spectrum of clinical and pathological features, ranging from asymptomatic and reversible pathologies to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a highly prevalent and deadly liver cancer. Indeed, alcohol consumption is one of the main worldwide etiologies of HCC. However, the impact of alcohol consumption on HCC pathophysiology and the associated mechanisms remains unclear. Thus, in vitro alcohol-related HCC models are essential for addressing this issue and for assessing new molecular markers of this disease. In this review, we discuss the current in vitro models of alcohol-related HCC. Our global overview demonstrates the lack of uniformity regarding HCC cell lines, alcohol concentration, and duration of alcohol exposure among existing models. Despite efforts to model alcohol exposure effectively that demonstrate enhancement of cancer cell transformation markers and HCC aggressiveness following, respectively, short-term and long-term alcohol exposure, current in vitro models possess numerous limitations.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This review highlights future challenges in the development of more integrated and representative models of the complex pathophysiology of alcohol-related HCC.</p>","PeriodicalId":139,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Medicine","volume":"14 2","pages":"e70524"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11739452/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142996828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to \"Indicators describing the tumor lesion aggregation and dissemination and their impact on the prognosis of patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma receiving chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy\".","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/cam4.70322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.70322","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":139,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Medicine","volume":"14 2","pages":"e70322"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11744295/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142996830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Clinical Prediction Model for Pathologic Upgrade to Invasive Carcinoma Following Conization of Cervical High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions.","authors":"Qiao Liu, Jing Yang, Hui Cheng, Chuqiang Shu, Yi Tang, Jing Zhao","doi":"10.1002/cam4.70540","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cam4.70540","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the risk factors associated with the pathological progression to invasive carcinoma following the conization of cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) and to construct a risk prediction model to guide preoperative risk assessment and optimize the selection of surgical approaches.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 3337 patients who underwent cervical conization for HSIL at Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital from December 2016 to March 2022. The patients were categorized into the pathological progression group (398 cases) and the nonprogression group (2939 cases) based on postconization pathology results. Statistical significance factors were selected by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression and then multivariate logistic regression was utilized to build predictive models, which were presented as a nomogram and evaluated for discriminability, calibration, and decision curves. The Bootstrap method was utilized for internal validation. A total of 277 patients were enrolled from April 2022 to October 2022 for external validation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The percentage of pathologic upgrades to invasive carcinoma following cervical conization was 11.9%. The predictive model included age, contact bleeding symptoms, HPV16/18 infection, HSIL cytology, cervical biopsy pathology diagnosis level, suspicious stromal infiltration in the biopsy pathology diagnosis, and endocervical curettage HSIL. The model demonstrated good overall discrimination in predicting the risk of HSIL progression to early invasive cancer, and internal validation confirmed its reliability (C-index = 0.787). Area under the curve analysis indicated good model discriminability across external datasets. The decision curve analysis also suggested that this model is clinically useful.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We developed and validated a nomogram incorporating multiple clinically relevant variables to better identify cases of HSIL progressing to early cervical cancer, providing a basis for individualized treatment and surgical approach selection.</p>","PeriodicalId":139,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Medicine","volume":"14 1","pages":"e70540"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11683552/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142908820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immune Cell Profiling Reveals a Common Pattern in Premetastatic Niche Formation Across Various Cancer Types.","authors":"Shigeaki Sugiyama, Kanae Yumimoto, Keiichi I Nakayama","doi":"10.1002/cam4.70557","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cam4.70557","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Metastasis is the major cause of cancer-related mortality. The premetastatic niche is a promising target for its prevention. However, the generality and cellular dynamics in premetastatic niche formation have remained unclear.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aimed to elucidate the generality and cellular dynamics in premetastatic niche formation.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We performed comprehensive flow cytometric analysis of lung and peripheral immune cells at three time points (early premetastatic, late premetastatic, and micrometastatic phases) for mice with subcutaneous implants of three types of cancer cells (breast cancer, lung cancer, or melanoma cells). The immuno-cell profiles were then used to predict the metastatic phase by machine learning.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found a common pattern of changes in both lung and peripheral immune cell profiles across the three cancer types, including a decrease in the proportion of eosinophils in the early premetastatic phase, an increase in that of regulatory T cells in the late premetastatic phase, and an increase in that of polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells and a decrease in that of B cells in the micrometastatic phase. Machine learning using immune cell profiles could predict the metastatic phase with approximately 75% accuracy.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Validation of our findings in humans will require data on the presence or absence of micrometastases in patients and the accumulation of comprehensive and temporal information on immune cells. In addition, blood proteins, extracellular vesicles, DNA, RNA, or metabolites may be useful for more accurate prediction.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The discovery of generalities in premetastatic niche formation allow prediction of metastatic phase and provide a basis for the development of methods for early detection and prevention of cancer metastasis in a cancer type-independent manner.</p>","PeriodicalId":139,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Medicine","volume":"14 1","pages":"e70557"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11683674/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142908780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to 'MUC1 as a Target for CAR-T Therapy in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma'.","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/cam4.70558","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cam4.70558","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":139,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Medicine","volume":"14 1","pages":"e70558"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11683464/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142902519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) due to Breast, Cervical, Colorectal and Oral Cancers in Taiwan Regions.","authors":"Cheng-Chieh Hsieh, Si-Yu Chen, Chun-Hui Lin, Szu-Chieh Chen, Chung-Min Liao","doi":"10.1002/cam4.70592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.70592","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cancer is a leading cause of death globally, with significant variations in incidence and mortality rates among different cancer types and regions. In Taiwan, breast cancer (BC), cervical cancer (CxCa), colorectal cancer (CRC), and oral cancer (OC) are prevalent and have prompted government-led screening programs to mitigate their impact. This study aims to assess the burden of these cancers at the county scale using disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) as a metric, focusing on the years 2010, 2015, 2018, 2019, and 2020.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data on cancer incidence, mortality, disability weights, and treatment outcomes were sourced from the Taiwan HPA, Ministry of Health and Welfare, and Taiwan Cancer Registry. Years of life lost (YLLs) and years lived with disability (YLDs) were calculated for each cancer, considering age, stage, and treatment. The correlation between cancer screening rates and disease burden also conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis highlights significant trends in cancer mortality, incidence, and disease burden in Taiwan from 2010 to 2020. BC and CRC showed rising ASMR and DALYs rates, while CxCa experienced consistent declines. OC had a fluctuating pattern, particularly in eastern regions. YLLs contributed significantly to DALYs for all cancers, emphasizing premature mortality's role in the disease burden. Screening rates, particularly for BC and CxCa, correlated with changes in burden, with BC rates increasing and CxCa decreasing, reflecting the impact of preventive measures on cancer outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings underscore the importance of targeted interventions and evidence-informed resource allocation to address regional differences in cancer burden in Taiwan.</p>","PeriodicalId":139,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Medicine","volume":"14 1","pages":"e70592"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11705416/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142941623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}