International Journal of Infection最新文献

{"title":"Survey on the Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infections and Their Possible Effects on Seminal Quality in Infertile Men","authors":"M. Ramezani, H. Hakimi, Nahid Zainodini, A. Rahnama, A. Sayadi","doi":"10.5812/iji.101243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/iji.101243","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a subject of great concern in public health, particularly in the field of reproductive medicine. Objectives: This study aimed to detect the presence of two sexually-transmitted bacteria, C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae, in the semen samples of infertile men referred to a medical diagnostic laboratory in Rafsanjan city by PCR and also to investigate their possible effects on semen parameters. Methods: Semen samples of 309 infertile men who were asymptomatic for genital tract infections were evaluated using the PCR method. In addition, the analysis of semen parameters was performed according to the WHO guidelines. Results: The average age of the participants was 32.67 ± 17.02 years and 11.65% of cases were positive at least for one of the two tested bacteria; 11.32% for C. trachomatis and only 0.32% for N. gonorrhoeae. Furthermore, there was a direct significant correlation between chlamydia infection and at least two variables of sperm quality; activity, and live ratio (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The results demonstrated that C. trachomatis are widespread among males, and this infection may lead to an effect on semen parameters such as activity and live ratio.","PeriodicalId":13989,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infection","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76393144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-Infection of Hepatitis B and Human Papilloma Viruses in Two Nigerian States","authors":"Aderemi Abubakar, B. Ajuwon","doi":"10.5812/iji.62478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/iji.62478","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) infections remain a major public health problem in sub-Saharan countries including Nigeria. Methods: The study investigated the prevalence of HBV, HPV, and their co-infection in 510 outpatients of two major hospitals in both Kwara and Ondo States, Nigeria, employing the use of rapid serology assay diagnostic kit for HBV and HPV Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Results: The overall preponderance rate of both infections was observed to be 11.4%, including 6.3% hepatitis B and 5.1% HPV. The co-infection prevalence was observed to be 0.58%. Females were more infected with HBV (6.8%) and HPV (5.7%) than male counterparts with 5.3% and 4.3%, respectively. Furthermore, married-single subjects had a higher rate of co-infection (1.4%) than their married counterparts (0.56%). The rate of infection between male and female genders was not significantly different (P > 0.05). However, the prevalence of HPV was statistically higher among married-single subjects (7.2%) (P < 0.05). The HBV and co-infection prevalence rates were statistically higher among married-single subjects with 8.7% and 1.4%, respectively. Conclusions: The prevalence of HBV and co-infection with HPV observed in this study indicates the public health threats posed by these infections and further establishes the need for the Nigerian Health System to strengthen domestic initiatives that are strategically geared towards eliminating hepatitis and improving access to affordable diagnostics, enabling linkage to care and treatment of infected individuals.","PeriodicalId":13989,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infection","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89336573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic Specification of the Last Resort Polymyxins: An Intelligent Approach","authors":"J. Hasan, R. Rabbani, S. C. Bachar","doi":"10.5812/iji.96828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/iji.96828","url":null,"abstract":"Polymyxins, especially polymyxin B and colistin (polymyxin E), are the last resort antibiotics among a few reserve antibiotics still showing potentiality against Gram-negative superbugs. Globally, during the alarming situation of fast-spreading antibiotic resis-tanceinGram-negativebacteria,thetherapeuticapplicationof polymyxinsshouldberationalandtarget-specificconsideringtheir pharmacokinetic(PK)andpharmacodynamic(PD)characteristics. IntravenouspolymyxinBshowsrelativelyhigherplasmaprotein binding and excessive renal tubular reabsorption; it invariably exists in the plasma for longer periods, maintaining the minimum inhibitoryconcentration(MIC)properly, andmostlyareexcretedoutthroughanonrenalpathway. Ontheotherhand, intravenous inactive colistimethate sodium is bio-converted in the blood and kidneys into the active colistin moiety that manifests relatively higher colistin concentration in the urinary tract for longer duration possessing the MIC statically. This study comprehensively evaluated the PK and PD data of polymyxins assuming that the therapeutic specification of polymyxin B in bloodstream infections and colistin in urinary tract infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria may be an intelligent approach during the emergence of antibiotic resistance. The therapeutic specification of polymyxins may effectively reduce the progression of polymyxin resistance and optimize its therapeutic outcomes in the treatment of life-threatening infections.","PeriodicalId":13989,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infection","volume":"326 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87539812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Seroprevalence Study of Coxiella burnetii in Rural Pregnant Women in Contact with Livestock in Khorramabad","authors":"Eiman Azizyari Ghobadi, A. Jaydari, S. Akbari, K. Anbari","doi":"10.5812/iji.97850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/iji.97850","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Coxiella burnetii is the cause of Q fever. There is no adequate information about Q fever in rural pregnant women in Iran. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence of C. burnetii infection among rural pregnant women with historical contact with livestock in Khorramabad (western Iran). Methods: Thiscross-sectionalwasconductedfromDecember2016toJune2017on184samplescollectedrandomlyfromruralpreg-nantwomenwhoreferredtoclinicallaboratoriesandhealthcentersinKhorramabad. ThedatawereexaminedusingindirectELISA assay kits for the detection of C. burnetii phase II human antibodies in their serum samples. Results: Of 184 serum samples of rural pregnant women, 89 (48.4%) were positive, 76 (41.3%) negative, and 19 (10.3%) suspected. In addition, there was a significant relationship between age, pregnancy, abortion, and the location of the village relative to the city. The results suggested that more positive samples were observed in women that lived in the eastern villages of Khorramabad city; however, the difference was not statistically significant (P value = 0.535). Conclusions: The present study demonstrated the high seroprevalence of C. burnetii in rural pregnant women, which necessitates preventing the unwanted side effects of the disease. Rural pregnant women should pay more attention to the disease and its dangerous effects.","PeriodicalId":13989,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infection","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73423656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-Infection of Malaria and Hepatitis B Virus in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria","authors":"A. Abah, Idara N Udoidang","doi":"10.5812/iji.97033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/iji.97033","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Malaria and hepatitis B virus (HBV) are two diseases of major medical importance in Nigeria. Methods: The study determined the preponderance of malaria, HBV and their co-infection among 600 outpatients of three major hospitals in Port Harcourt, Nigeria, using standard microscopic method and rapid serology assay diagnostic kit. Results: Total preponderance rate of malaria, HBV, and co-infection was observed to be 41.0%, 6.0%, and 4.33%, respectively. The female gender was more infected with malaria (44.67%) than the male counterparts (37.54%), while the males were more infected with HBV (7.12%) and co-infection (5.18%) than the females with 4.8% and 3.44%, respectively. The infection rate between genders was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The prevalence of malaria was statistically high among the age group of 21 30 years (55.66%) (P < 0.05). HBV and co-infection prevalence rate was statistically the highest among the age group of 21 30 years with 11.76% and 10.3% rates of infection, respectively. Conclusions: The high rate of malaria prevalence and the presence of HBV and co-infection among the study subjects imply that these infections are threats to the human health and strategies should be adopted to help combat and control these infections.","PeriodicalId":13989,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infection","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90891213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Features and Outcomes in ESBL-Producing Microorganisms in Renal Transplant Recipients with Urinary Tract Infections","authors":"J. Singh, Mikhail de Jesus, Leigh G. Cooper, Judith Pozzerle, S. Antony, B. Knight","doi":"10.5812/iji.96442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/iji.96442","url":null,"abstract":": Multidrug-resistant organisms have become an increasing challenge in the management of both solid and non-solid organ transplants. This is especially true with extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infections. We performed a retrospective study of 62 renal transplant recipients at a tertiary care center in El Paso, Texas. In our study population, 43% of patients had a positive urine culture and were treated for a UTI. 30% of those UTIs were caused by an ESBL-producing organism. Of note, 43% of the patients who developed a UTI also had a recurrent episode. Notably, one patient had 25 recurrences of UTIs caused by ESBL producing E. coli. K. pneumoniae and E. coli were the most commonly cultured non-ESBL-producing bacteria (40.7%). E. coli was the most frequently cultured ESBL-producing bacteria (62.5%), while K. pneumoniae was the second most frequently cultured ESBL-producing bacteria (37.5%). There were three transplant rejections; two had ESBL UTIs and one had 11 recurrent UTIs prior to rejection. Diabetes, the length of ureteral stents, and higher troughs of immunosuppressant therapy were observed to be correlated with higher rates of UTIs in our patient population. Our findings are consistent with reports published in current literature regarding rates of UTIs among renal transplant recipients. Due to increasing prevalence of multi-drug resistant organisms and increasing prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), it becomes imperative for clinicians to include CRE in the differential diagnosis when evaluating renal transplant recipients with recurrent UTIs. More importantly, CRE must be considered when evaluating renal transplant recipients with recurrent UTIs caused by ESBL producing organisms.","PeriodicalId":13989,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infection","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88337962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burden of Tuberculosis and Challenges Facing Its Eradication in West Africa","authors":"Yusuff Adebayo Adebisi, Idoko Agumage, Tommy Daniel Sylvanus, Isaac Joshua Nawaila, Williams Alison Ekwere, M. Nasiru, Eduoku Emem Okon, Aniekan Ekpenyong, D. Lucero‐Prisno","doi":"10.5812/iji.92250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/iji.92250","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health challenge, especially in resource-limited settings. The burden of the disease is particularly larger in developing countries due to factors like poverty, undernutrition, and even HIV, which propagate its spread and complicates its control. West Africa, with its high levels of poverty, hunger, overcrowding, and infectious diseases like HIV, is not left out in the tuberculosis epidemic. Our study aimed to review the burden of TB and the challenges hindering its eradication in West Africa. Evidence Acquisition: This review assesses available evidence on issues relating to the burden of tuberculosis and the challenges facing its eradication in West Africa. Search for relevant medical literature in biomedical databases such as PubMed, Google Scholars, and OVID was conducted with the appropriate key terms without date restriction. Fifty-seven articles were found in a search through the database; 33 data sources, including reports, were selected and reviewed in order to contribute data to this study. Results: From the study, the incidence of tuberculosis is high in West Africa, especially considering the high rate of factors, which propagate its spread. TB/HIV co-infection is also an issue in this region, as evidenced by the high burdens in Nigeria, Ghana, Liberia, and Guinea Bissau. In fact, Nigeria still holds the position of the country with the highest TB burden in West Africa and also account for about 4% of the TB incidence globally. However, the burden only represents an estimate due to paucity of data attributed to ineffective surveillance method. The rate at which the incidence of tuberculosis is declining is slow due to various challenges facing its eradication such as poverty, endemic of the causative agents, drug resistant tuberculosis, and inefficient diagnostic methods, among others. Conclusions: There is now increasing evidence to support that TB prevalence in West Africa is on a continual projection in which the futuristic outcome is worrisome, considering the challenges the region continually faces. The challenges need to be addressed by selecting the most appropriate strategy for the region, and efforts should be made to improve the surveillance system. Leveraging on the public-private partnership and cost-effectiveness evaluation should also be encouraged.","PeriodicalId":13989,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infection","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89691063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Factors Related to Survival Time in HIV-Infected Persons in Mashhad, Iran, Between 1994 - 2014: A Bayesian Joint Model","authors":"Niloofar Shabani, H. Esmaily, R. Alimi, A. R. Roknabadi","doi":"10.5812/IJI.91712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/IJI.91712","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The prevalence of HIV is increasing in Iran, so obtaining an estimate of the survival of HIV-infected persons can be helpful to prevent and control this infection. Objectives: This research aimed to use the Bayesian joint model by which identifies factors associated with the survival and determine the relationship between the trend of CD4 + T cell counts and survival time in HIV-infected persons. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we collected HIV/AIDS surveillance data from Mashhad’s Counseling Center of Behavioral Diseases in the province of Khorasan Razavi, Northeast of Iran, during 1994 - 2014. Data collection included variables CD4 + T cellscount, survivaltime, andotherrelatedfactors. WeusedtheBayesianjointmodeltoestimatethesurvivaltimeandidentifythe factors associated with survival time in HIV-infected persons. Results: The study included 260 individuals, of whom 212 (81.54%) were male. The survival sub-model of the joint model identified gender (95% credible interval (CI): 0.486, 3.197) and antiretroviral treatment (95% CI: -1.935, -0.641) as the variables associated with the patients’ survival. The longitudinal sub-model, which determined the variables associated with the number of CD4 + T-cells included time (95% CI: -0.934, -0.554), age (95% CI: -0.152, -0.011), and antiretroviral treatment (95% CI: -6.193, -3.505). Conclusions: UsingCD4 + TcellsasacovariateintheBayesianjointmodel,thesurvivaltimeforHIV-infectedpersonswasestimated more precisely than separate model and it can be inferred that at the beginning of antiretroviral treatment, especially in men and controls, the CD4 + T cell counts can increase the survival time of HIV-infected persons.","PeriodicalId":13989,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infection","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79339830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction Note: Isolation of Lactobacillus Species from Domestic Dairy Products of Mahabad City","authors":"M. Salehi","doi":"10.5812/IJI.96981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/IJI.96981","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13989,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infection","volume":"738 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76821741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Detection of Metallo-β-lactamase Genes blaIMP, blaVim,‎ ‎and blaSPM-1‎ in Bacillus cereus Strains Isolated from Infant Milk Powder Samples","authors":"C. Ghazaei","doi":"10.5812/IJI.95266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/IJI.95266","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Infant milk powder (IMP) is a very suitable medium for the growth of ‎micro-organisms such as Bacillus cereus. B. cereus is a spore-producer that can ‎survive easily during the pasteurization process to cause some health problems. Objectives: This study was carried out to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern of B. ‎cereus isolates producing metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) enzymes in IMP samples‏.‏ Methods: After preparing 50 samples of IMP, they were cultured to detect the presence of B. cereus. The Kirby-Bauer method was used to determine antibiotic susceptibility and the DDST method to phenotypically detect MBL enzymes. MBL genes blaVIM, blaSMP-1, and blaIMP were genotypically examined in the isolates by the PCR method. Results: Most samples of IMP had a high level of contamination with B. cereus when compared to national and international standards. The highest percentage of resistance was related to ceftazidime and oxacillin (100%) and the lowest resistance to tetracycline (21.4%) and ciprofloxacin (26.3%). All B. cereus isolates were the producers of MBL in the DDST test. None of the isolates was positive for the blaSPM gene. Of the other MBL genes, the blaVIM gene was seen in all isolates (100%) and the blaIMP gene in 16 isolates (84.21%). Conclusions: Antibiotic resistance is on the rise in the study region due to the production of MBL enzymes. Among MBL-producing isolates, the frequency of the blaVIM gene was more than that of blaIMP and blaSPM-1.","PeriodicalId":13989,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infection","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74840461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}