International Journal of Infection最新文献_第9页

Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Escherichia coli Isolated from Various Clinical Samples in Duhok City, Kurdistan Region of Iraq 伊拉克库尔德斯坦地区杜霍克市不同临床样本分离的大肠杆菌抗生素敏感性分析

International Journal of Infection Pub Date : 2020-04-30 DOI: 10.5812/iji.103740

I. Naqid, Amer A. Balatay, N. Hussein, K. Saeed, H. Ahmed, S. H. Yousif

{"title":"Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Escherichia coli Isolated from Various Clinical Samples in Duhok City, Kurdistan Region of Iraq","authors":"I. Naqid, Amer A. Balatay, N. Hussein, K. Saeed, H. Ahmed, S. H. Yousif","doi":"10.5812/iji.103740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/iji.103740","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Escherichia coli (E. coli) is one of the most common causative agents of bacterial infections. The emergence of multidrug-resistant E. coli is a major public health threat worldwide. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the antibiotic susceptibility profile of clinical isolates of E. coli from different samples. Methods: A total number of 454 clinical samples, including urine, wound, cervical swab, blood, semen, ascetic, and cerebral spinal fluid samples were collected from patients between January 2017 and February 2020. Then, E. coli was confirmed and susceptibility to different antibiotics was determined using the Vitek-2 compact system. Results: Escherichia coli isolates were more frequent in females (70.7%) than in males (29.3%). In the case of urine samples, E. coli was found to be highly susceptible to ertapenem (97.6%) and imipenem (96.4%) but resistant to ampicillin (87.8%). For wound and cervical swabs, E. coli was 100% resistant to ampicillin and cefepime but 100% sensitive to ertapenem and imipenem. It was found that E. coli isolates from blood samples were 100% resistant to ampicillin, ceftriaxone, and cefoxitin, and around 75% of them were sensitive to ertapenem, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin. Finally, E. coli isolated from other clinical samples were highly sensitive to ertapenem, imipenem, levofloxacin, nitrofurantoin, and cefazolin. Conclusions: Escherichia coli isolated from various clinical specimens showed differences in antibiotic sensitivity patterns, with high resistance to commonly used antibiotics. The most effective antibiotics against E. coli isolates were ertapenem, imipenem, and nitrofurantoin. However, the clinical isolates of E. coli displayed high resistance rates to ampicillin, ceftriaxone, and cefepime. Therefore, it is proposed to perform antibiotic sensitivity testing by physicians to select the most effective antibiotics.","PeriodicalId":13989,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infection","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90332589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

Assessment of an Insecticidal Paint for Malaria Control 一种防治疟疾的杀虫涂料的评价

International Journal of Infection Pub Date : 2020-04-30 DOI: 10.5812/iji.103253

O. O. Ajayi, O. Idowu, S. O. Sam-Wobo, I. C. Eromosele, K. Eniola

{"title":"Assessment of an Insecticidal Paint for Malaria Control","authors":"O. O. Ajayi, O. Idowu, S. O. Sam-Wobo, I. C. Eromosele, K. Eniola","doi":"10.5812/iji.103253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/iji.103253","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Plasmodium is efficiently transmitted majorly by female Anopheline mosquitoes: Anopheles funestus and Anopheles gambiae sensus lato. A gap exists with respect to primary vector control strategies; indoor residual spray requires expertise while long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) cover early night sleepers. Objectives: To cover the time between dinner and bedtime, there are commercial insecticidal paints for control of the malaria vector. It is important to monitor the efficacy of such paints. Therefore, this study was geared toward assessing the efficacy of insecticidal paint and monitoring the potency of insecticide in the paint over time. Methods: Four rooms were painted with an insecticidal paint, and another four rooms were painted with a non-insecticidal paint. Pyrethroid Spray Catch (PSC) was performed before the rooms were painted. Anopheles mosquito larvae collected from a breeding site were reared to adults in an insectary. Twenty-five-day-old non-blood fed female mosquitoes were exposed to the painted walls using a polyvinyl chloride cone. The knock-down of mosquitoes was monitored for 30 minutes. Mortality was decided by the inability of mosquitoes to move their legs or wings after 24 hours in the holding cup. A total of 11,520 mosquitoes were used for the study. Results: Five mosquitoes were collected from PSC prior to painting, and none were caught post painting. A 100% knock-down rate was observed for wild mosquitoes in the first two months of exposure. The efficacy of the paint decreased in the third month, with a knock-down rate of 92.5% in 10 minutes. Moreover, the knock-down rate was not significantly different (P > 0.05) between the Kisumu and wild strains. Although the knock-down duration increased over time, none of the exposed mosquitoes survived. Hence, the paint is considered effective in malaria control.","PeriodicalId":13989,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infection","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76318408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

In-vitro Antimicrobial Effect of Silybum marianum Extract on Bacterial Isolates from the Semen of Infertile Men in Iran 水飞蓟提取物对伊朗不育男性精液细菌分离株的体外抗菌作用

International Journal of Infection Pub Date : 2020-04-30 DOI: 10.5812/iji.104297

Elahe Nanpazi, L. Fozouni, T. Dadgar

{"title":"In-vitro Antimicrobial Effect of Silybum marianum Extract on Bacterial Isolates from the Semen of Infertile Men in Iran","authors":"Elahe Nanpazi, L. Fozouni, T. Dadgar","doi":"10.5812/iji.104297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/iji.104297","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Genital tract infection is one of the main causes of male infertility. The increasing frequency of drug resistance and side effects of antibiotics have urged researchers to seek alternative sources of antimicrobial agents, such as medicinal herbs, for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant infections. Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the frequency of potentially pathogenic microorganisms in the semen of infertile men and investigate the antimicrobial activity of Silybum marianum extract against the isolates. Methods: Semen samples were collected from 96 infertile men who referred to the Pasteur Laboratory in Gorgan, Iran. Semen samples were first analyzed according to the World Health Organization guidelines and then underwent microbiological tests to identify pathogens. Antimicrobial susceptibility to S. marianum extract was evaluated using the disk diffusion (Kirby-Bauer) method. Moreover, the active components of the extract were identified by the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique. Results: In the semen analysis, 64% of the samples had problems in the parameters of sperm count, motility, and morphology. In addition, the bacterial contamination was observed in 36% of semen samples. The most and the least common isolates were Staphylococcus aureus (45%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (11%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (11%), respectively. In Gram-positive isolates, S. aureus was mostly resistant to azithromycin (57%). In Gram-negative isolates, Escherichia coli was mostly resistant to gentamicin (37%). The inhibitory activity of S. marianum flower extract was significantly higher than that of S. marianum leaf extract (P < 0.01). Silybin (2.64%) and silychristin (3.07%) were the most abundant constituents of S. marianum flower extract. Conclusions: Bacterial infections play an important role in male infertility and S. marianum extract after purification can be potentially used for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant genital tract infections.","PeriodicalId":13989,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infection","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90880385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Protection of Health Workers From Tuberculosis 保护卫生工作者不患结核病

International Journal of Infection Pub Date : 2020-04-30 DOI: 10.5812/iji.104698

A. Acun

引用次数: 0

Recombinant Antibodies Derived From Convalescent Whole Blood May Be the Answer to COVID-19 从新陈代谢全血中提取的重组抗体可能是 COVID-19 的答案

International Journal of Infection Pub Date : 2020-04-30 DOI: 10.5812/iji.104463

Laalithya Konduru

引用次数: 0

A Rare Presentation of Fulminant Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infection in Post Partum Period: Report of Two Cases 罕见的产后暴发性坏死性软组织感染:附2例报告

International Journal of Infection Pub Date : 2020-04-05 DOI: 10.5812/iji.101258

A. Kumari, Meghraj Kundan

引用次数: 0

Prevalence of Sonographic Signs in Children with Acute Hepatitis in Zahedan City, Southeast of Iran 伊朗东南部扎黑丹市儿童急性肝炎的超声征象患病率

International Journal of Infection Pub Date : 2020-03-24 DOI: 10.5812/iji.100315

S. Sistani, M. Nouri, Shokrollah Mashouri, A. A. Moghaddam

{"title":"Prevalence of Sonographic Signs in Children with Acute Hepatitis in Zahedan City, Southeast of Iran","authors":"S. Sistani, M. Nouri, Shokrollah Mashouri, A. A. Moghaddam","doi":"10.5812/iji.100315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/iji.100315","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Acute viral hepatitis is a common infection in developing countries among children. Different diagnostic methods for acute hepatitis has been introduced. Objectives: In this study, we have determined the prevalence of sonographic signs in children with acute hepatitis. Methods: A total of 383 children with acute hepatitis were studied in Zahedan city, southeast of Iran. The sampling method was by the enumeration of the cases. Patients underwent ultrasonography in which their sonographic signs of acute hepatitis were investigated and analyzed. Results: The mean age of children was 6.1 ± 2.8 years, with 211 (55.1%) males and 172 (44.9%) females. The prevalence of gallbladder wall edema was 20.1% (77 children), periportal lymphadenopathy 15.1% (58 children), hepatomegaly 4.9% (19 children), increased liver echogenicity 53.0% (203 children), decreased liver echogenicity 15.4% (59 children), splenomegaly 1.8% (7 children), and periportal hyperechogenicity 32.4% (124 children). Conclusions: The results indicate that the most common sonographic signs of patients with acute hepatitis were increased liver echogenicity and periportal hyperechogenicity.","PeriodicalId":13989,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infection","volume":"216 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76593736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

COVID-19: The New Threat COVID-19:新的威胁

International Journal of Infection Pub Date : 2020-03-15 DOI: 10.5812/iji.102184

Shaila Rahman, Tamanna Bahar

引用次数: 40

The Role of Oral Antibiotic Treatment in Prosthetic Joint Infections in the Elderly 口服抗生素治疗老年人假体关节感染的作用

International Journal of Infection Pub Date : 2020-03-03 DOI: 10.5812/iji.101095

J. Singh, S. Antony

{"title":"The Role of Oral Antibiotic Treatment in Prosthetic Joint Infections in the Elderly","authors":"J. Singh, S. Antony","doi":"10.5812/iji.101095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/iji.101095","url":null,"abstract":"Background: ThereareoveronemillionpatientswithaprostheticjointreplacementintheUnitedStates. Majorityof patientswho receive joint arthroplasties are over 65 years of age. Objectives: Therearenostudiesevaluatingthebestoptionsforantibioticmanagementinprostheticjointinfection. Itisimportant to evaluate alternative treatment modalities for this age group. Methods: Thisisaretrospectivestudyevaluatingstudiespublishedbetweentheyears2000-2019. Patientsovertheageof sixty-ﬁve with total joint replacement who had conﬁrmed prosthetic joint infection and received treatment with oral antimicrobial treatment were included in the study. Results: A total of 409 patients were included in this study. 306 patients were successfully treated, whereas treatment failure was noted in 103 patients. Adverse events were only noted on 3 out of 7 studies. Of the events noted, renal failure was the most common and diarrhea was the second most common. Conclusions: Due to the lack of data available, there is a need for prospective study that evaluates the response of oral antimicrobial therapy in the elderly. At this time there is very little data to recommend oral antimicrobial therapy in the literature to make deﬁnitive recommendations. However, in the author’s experience, there may be a role for oral antimicrobial therapy in patients who have undergone single stage revision with no signiﬁcant co-morbidities with a non-multidrug resistant pathogen. started on intravenous antimicrobial therapy and transitioned to oral antibiotics regardless of patients’ age. This study aims to evaluate whether the elderly popu-Copyright©","PeriodicalId":13989,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infection","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74322271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Infection Risks and Antimicrobial Resistance in Tertiary Hospitals in Benin: Study Cases of Sakété-Ifangni and Menontin Hospitals 贝宁三级医院感染风险及抗菌素耐药性研究——以萨克文达-伊凡尼医院和梅农丁医院为例

International Journal of Infection Pub Date : 2020-03-03 DOI: 10.5812/iji.99649

V. Dougnon, H. Koudokpon, Y. Chabi, K. Fabiyi, B. Legba, J. Dougnon, L. Baba-Moussa

{"title":"Infection Risks and Antimicrobial Resistance in Tertiary Hospitals in Benin: Study Cases of Sakété-Ifangni and Menontin Hospitals","authors":"V. Dougnon, H. Koudokpon, Y. Chabi, K. Fabiyi, B. Legba, J. Dougnon, L. Baba-Moussa","doi":"10.5812/iji.99649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/iji.99649","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Antimicrobial resistance surveillance and infection risk assessment are important for optimizing the quality of healthcare in hospitals. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance and infection risks in Tertiary hospitals in Benin. Methods: Bacteriological examinations were carried out on swab samples from the hospital environment at Sakete-Ifangni Hospital and Menontin Hospital in Benin. The environmental swabs were supplemented with wound swabs from Menontin Hospital. In both hospitals, antibiotic susceptibility of the isolated strains was determined by the agar diffusion method. Results: The results showed that coagulase-negative staphylococci (45%) comprised the most isolated species in the environment of the Surgery and Operating Departments of Sakete-Ifangni Hospital, followed by Staphylococcus aureus (27.50%) and Proteus spp. (15%). At Menontin Hospital, only one specimen was sterile from wound swabs. From environmental swabs, 29 out of 45 samples were positive. Staphylococcus aureus (31%), Escherichia coli (15%), and coagulase-negative staphylococci (12%) were the most isolated species from wounds. Strains of coagulase-negative staphylococci (29%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15%), and Proteus mirabilis (12%) were the most common strains in swabs. The study of the adequacy of treatment of infections caused by bacteria responsible for wound suppuration showed that 52% of the wounded received appropriate antibiotic treatment. At Menontin Hospital, many isolated strains from room environment samples were found in the wounds of the patients. In both hospitals, the isolated strains were multiresistant to conventional antibiotics. Conclusions: These data show how surveillance of infection risks and antimicrobial resistance is important to prevent healthcare-associated infections.","PeriodicalId":13989,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infection","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77660293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2