International Journal of Medical and Health Sciences最新文献

{"title":"The Social Context of Street Culture in Substance Use; a Literature Review of Homeless Youth Perspectives","authors":"Cate Wilson, J. Bradbury","doi":"10.18488/JOURNAL.9/2015.2.5/9.5.93.108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/JOURNAL.9/2015.2.5/9.5.93.108","url":null,"abstract":"Homeless youth experience disproportionately high rates of psychological problems and substance-related disorders. Street culture provides protection and support for young people who find themselves excluded from family and socialising institutions. The aim of this review is to examine the social context of the street culture and substance use from the perspective of homeless youth. Databases searched included Cochrane, Cinahl, Medline, and PsychINFO. Search terms included homeless, youth and substance use. Twenty studies (12 quantitative and 8 qualitative) were identified. Major themes included survival and adaption to the street culture, social and human capital gains, and social networks. Street youth viewed substances as helpful for treating physical and psychological problems, and as a means of generating social capital necessary for survival in the street culture. Intervention programs should not only address the trauma and mental health issues of young people but also the context of the substance-using street culture.","PeriodicalId":13971,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical and Health Sciences","volume":"34 1","pages":"93-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78748870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Reading Speed Using Malay Unrelated Word Reading Chart with Standardized English Reading Charts","authors":"Noor Halilah Buari, Mardiah Farhana Azizan, Ai-Hong Chen","doi":"10.18488/JOURNAL.9/2015.2.3/9.3.55.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/JOURNAL.9/2015.2.3/9.3.55.61","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to compare the reading speed of Malay language unrelated words reading chart named the Universiti Teknologi MARA unrelated words (UiTM-Muw) reading chart with Colenbrander reading chart and MNRead acuity chart. The participants were asked to read three different reading charts at random order, aloud and as quickly as possible. The time taken to read each chart was recorded and any error made while reading was noted. Reading speed was quantified as correct words read in a minute (cwpm). Comparison of reading speed showed a significant difference in reading speed between UiTM-Muw reading chart and Colenbrander reading chart [t(98)=-16.79, p=0.001] as well as MNread acuity chart [t(98)=-18.72, p=0.001]. However, weak agreement was found between reading speed of UiTM-Muw reading chart with MNRead acuity chart (mean difference = -83.6 cwpm) and Colenbrander reading chart (mean difference = -81.9 cwpm). Hence, UiTM-Muw reading chart in Malay language was incomparable with standardized English reading chart.:","PeriodicalId":13971,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical and Health Sciences","volume":"63 10","pages":"55-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91406603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient Satisfaction with the Supportive Services in Gulhane Military Medical Faculty Training Hospital","authors":"Mevlut Karadag, Ibrahim Halil Cankul, Hüseyin Abuhanoğlu","doi":"10.18488/JOURNAL.9/2015.2.6/9.6.109.117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/JOURNAL.9/2015.2.6/9.6.109.117","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to determine the satisfaction level with the supportive services among patients in Gulhane Military Medical Faculty (GMMF) Training Hospital. The study population consisted of GMMF Training Hospital outpatients and inpatients. The \"Patients Satisfaction Questionnaire\" by Ministry of Health of the Republic of Turkey was used to gather data. Survey was completed with 587 outpatients and 218 inpatients, total 805 patients. The average level of general satisfaction of the patients in the study with regard to supportive services at hospital is 3.54±0.75. It was observed that the highest satisfaction rates in supportive services were obtained among outpatients in following criteria; \"general appearance of polyclinics (cleaning, order and arrangement). They were “general appearance of the clinic (cleaning, order and arrangement)”, “cleaning of the room” and “security measures at entrances in terms of safety of the patient and the hospital\" among inpatients. The least satisfactory services for outpatients were “noise level at polyclinics area\" and \"car park services\" and for inpatients they were \"hair dressing services at clinics” and “postal services\". Statistically significant difference was obtained between the satisfaction levels from supportive services depending on the gender of the inpatients, ages and educational statuses of the outpatients. It was observed that improvement is required in especially “car park services”, “noise level at the polyclinics area”, “hair dressing services at clinics” and “postal services” that cause dissatisfaction or lower the satisfaction level at GMMF Training Hospital.","PeriodicalId":13971,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical and Health Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"109-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85317522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Malaysian Translation and Psychometric Evaluation for Parent and Child Questionnaires of Children Health Survey for Asthma","authors":"Maryam S E Hussein, Waqas Akram, N. Abu, N. Ismail","doi":"10.18488/JOURNAL.9/2015.2.7/9.7.122.135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/JOURNAL.9/2015.2.7/9.7.122.135","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to evaluate the reliability, and construct validity of the Malaysian versions of parent and child report of Children Health survey for Asthma. Questionnaires were translated to Bahasa Malaysia using previously established guidelines, a cross sectional study design and methodology was used to obtain the data, the study was recruited 180 respondents (7-16 years old) who have been diagnosed as asthmatic and their parents, SPSS version 20 was used to determine the reliability and construct validity. The results showed that all scores of cronbach’s alpha in the acceptable range ≥ 0.7. Both reliability and factor analyses reveal an acceptable reliability and a good construct validity of the scales.","PeriodicalId":13971,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical and Health Sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":"122-135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80279358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"XEROSTOMIA IN GERIATRIC POPULATION: AN INSIGHT INTO ETIOPATHOGENESIS, DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT","authors":"Manu Rathee, Mohaneesh Bhoria","doi":"10.18488/JOURNAL.9/2015.2.3/9.3.50.54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/JOURNAL.9/2015.2.3/9.3.50.54","url":null,"abstract":"It is observed in geriatric population that a variety of changes occur with aging that can impact social, physiologic and psychological well being. Most people, however, experience a decrease or complete absence in salivary flow. Salivary dysfunction in old age is a consequence of debilitating systemic diseases and related medications, head and neck radiotherapy and reduced functional reserve that detrimentally impact nutritional status and general health. This article provides an overview on salivary gland hypofunction in geriatric population, etiopathogenesis and management strategies.","PeriodicalId":13971,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical and Health Sciences","volume":"143 1","pages":"50-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74023375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Free Maternal and Child Health Services in Enugu State, South East Nigeria: Experiences of the Community and Health Care Providers","authors":"B. Uzochukwu, Okwuosa Chinenye, Ezeoke Ogochukwu, O. Obinna","doi":"10.18488/JOURNAL.9/2015.2.9/9.9.158.170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/JOURNAL.9/2015.2.9/9.9.158.170","url":null,"abstract":"Enugu State, South East Nigeria launched free maternal and child health services in 2007 against the backdrop of high infant and maternal mortality rates in the State. This study determined the experiences and the perceptions of the community and health care providers on the free maternal and child health services. This was a cross sectional descriptive study carried out in Enugu state Southeast Nigeria. Pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire survey with 50 healthcare providers at health centers and 150 women of reproductive age were used to elicit information on the awareness, attitude, utilization and factors affecting utilization of MCH services, satisfaction with and willingness to continue use of these services. In addition, service data from the first health center to benefit from free MCH services was collected from 2007 to 2009. Among the women, there was a high level of awareness of the free MCH services. Antenatal (55.3%), maternal tetanus toxoid immunization (47.3%) and childhood immunization (44%) services were the most accessed. Factors likely to affect the intention to use the services were required services not rendered, drugs not available, delayed attention and distance to the health facility. There was a high willingness to continue use of maternal and child health services due to the free services, easy accessibility and availability of drugs. However, a fifth of the respondents paid for the free services. The service data showed an upward increase in utilization between 2007 and 2009. Although the health workers were receptive of the free MCH services, they opined that their workload had increased without any corresponding increase in their remuneration and that patients were making unnecessary visits to the health facilities to demand on drugs. There was a significant increase in MCH services utilization between 2007 and 2009. Conclusion: This study shows that the free MCH services have enhanced utilization of health services. However this has greatly increased the workload of health providers and consumers still pay for services. There is need therefore for provision of adequate personnel and infrastructure to cater for this increase. In the interim there should be better remuneration of health workers to motivate them to continue providing health services despite the workload. There is also need to check the reported over visitation of health centers for drugs created by the free MCH services and mechanisms should be put in place to ensure that the free services are really free.","PeriodicalId":13971,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical and Health Sciences","volume":"51 1","pages":"158-170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90258319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation between Her2/Neu and Histopatholoical Finding among Sudanese Female Breast Cancer Patients","authors":"Riyadh Hamedy, A. Abdelbadie, I. Osman, E. Eltayeb, H. Omer","doi":"10.18488/JOURNAL.9/2015.2.4/9.4.62.69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/JOURNAL.9/2015.2.4/9.4.62.69","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study is one of very few studies which have investigated HER-2/neu expression and its correlation with histopathological finding. A total of 328 breast cancer tissue samples had been analyzed using immunohistochemical techniques. Objective: To compare the expression of tumor markers (HER-2/neu) with other prognostic parameters for mammary carcinomas. Results: Stage I- III B breast cancer HER-2/neu negative are (62%), whereas positive are (22%). Stage IV breast cancer HER-/neu negative are (4%), whereas positive are (3%). Recurrent breast cancer HER-2/neu negative are (3%) while positive are (5%).Stage I breast cancer HER-2/neu negative are (10%), whereas positive are (1%). Referring to stage II A, II B breast cancer HER-/neu negative are (59%), whereas positive are (16%). Stage III A, III B breast cancer HER-2/neu negative are (10%), while positive are (4%). HER-2/neu negative breast cancer Tumor size [le] 2 cm are (11%), while positive are (2%). HER-2/neu negative breast cancer Tumor size2-5 cm are (23%), whereas positive are (9%).HER-2/neu negative, Tumor size >5 cm are (26%), while positive are (29%). HER-2/neu negative breast cancer Nodal metastasis 0 are (5%), while positive are (2%). HER-2/neu negative Nodal metastasis1-9 are (16%), whereas positive are (19%). HER-2/neu negative breast cancer Nodal metastasis [ge] 10 are (28%), while positive are (30%). HER-2/neu negative histological subtype NIDC are (2%), whereas positive are (1%). HER-2/neu negative histological subtype IDC are (67%), while positive are (25%). HER-2/neu negative histological subtype ILC are (1%), whereas positive are (1%). Lastly, HER-2/neu negative with others histological subtype are (3%), whereas positive are (0%). HER-2/neu negative histological grade I are (6%), whereas positive are (2%). HER-2/neu negative histological grade II are (21%), while positive are (7%). Lastly, HER-2/neu negative histological grade II are (40%), whereas positive are (24%). HER-2/neu negative lympho-vascular invasion- are (71%), positive are (29%). HER-2/neu negative with lympho positive or vascular positive are (80%), While among positive are (16%). Conclusion: In this study population, the HER-2/neu expression its relation with histopathological finding determined.","PeriodicalId":13971,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical and Health Sciences","volume":"81 1","pages":"62-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90191458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethanolic Extract of Ginger on the Histology of the Pancrease in Adult Wistar Rats","authors":"Kebe, E. Obeten, --- Patrick O. Ede, V. Isaac, Patricia P. Obasee","doi":"10.18488/JOURNAL.9/2015.2.2/9.2.25.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/JOURNAL.9/2015.2.2/9.2.25.35","url":null,"abstract":"Zingerber offinale (ginger) is an underground stem or rhizome which is known to have originated from Asia and have been reported to have a number of medicinal properties which is used in the treatment of many ailments such as arthritis, painful menstrual periods, nausea etc. It is also used as a common specie in food and bakery industries. Due to the availability and medicinal uses of ginger, the effect of the ethanolic extract on the histology of the pancreas of adult wistar rats was investigated. Twenty five (25) adult Wistar rats weighing 125-200g were divided into five groups (A, B, C, D and E) each with five rats. The animals in group A and B served as control groups and received distilled water and olive oil respectively, the animals in groups C, D and E served as experimental groups, and received 100mg/kg, 250mg/kg and 500mg/kg body weight of the ethanolic extract of Zingiber officinale respectively. The animals received the extract for 14 days and were sacrificed 24 hours after the last administration and routinely processed histologically. The study shows that there is disintegration of the islet cells of Langerhans (IL) with pyknotic nuclei, but no visible change or alteration in the serous acini (SA) of the pancreas. It is observed that extract of ginger has adverse effect on the integrity of the islet cells of Langerhans.","PeriodicalId":13971,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical and Health Sciences","volume":"82 1","pages":"25-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83064812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RADIOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT OF ALVEOLAR BONE CREST LEVELS IN 9- 12 YEAR OLD CHILDREN IN DAVANGERE, INDIA","authors":"K. Vandana, Saubhik Ghosh","doi":"10.18488/JOURNAL.9/2015.2.4/9.4.70.79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/JOURNAL.9/2015.2.4/9.4.70.79","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Recent studies have indicated that aggressive periodontitis in the permanent dentition of adolescents often is preceded by bone loss in the primary and mixed dentition. Hence it is necessary to detect and treat these patients for preventing the transition of the disease from primary to permanent dentition. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to radiographically determine the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) to alveolar bone crest (ABC) distance in the interproximal areas of permanent molars and central incisors during the mixed dentition period. Materials and Methods: The study was a cross sectional study spanned over a period of one year. Panoramic radiographs were taken for 410 children residing in Davangere, Karnataka aged between 9-12 years. CEJ-ABC distance was measured at the mesial and distal surfaces of permanent first molars and permanent central incisors. Statistical analysis: Independent t-test was applied to compare CEJ–ABC distances measured in males and females, in the two age groups, the maxillary permanent central incisors and maxillary permanent first molars, the maxillary permanent first molars and mandibular permanent first molars. Results: The CEJ-ABC distance was less than 2mm in more than 95% of the sites. In some of the sites the distance when it was more than 2mm could be suggestive of normal physiology during mixed dentition period. Conclusion: The radiographic distance between CEJ-ABC if more than 2mm could be physiologic and hence requires to be deciphered by clinical evaluation.","PeriodicalId":13971,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical and Health Sciences","volume":"74 1","pages":"70-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83759878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gene Therapy in the Developing Countries","authors":"F. Emengaha, N. Johnkennedy, O. Hope, A. Henry, E. Ukamaka","doi":"10.18488/JOURNAL.9/2015.2.5/9.5.80.92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/JOURNAL.9/2015.2.5/9.5.80.92","url":null,"abstract":"Gene therapy is treatment directed to curing genetic disease by introducing normal genes into the patients in order to overcome the effects of abnormal genes using technique of genetic engineering. The most radical approach involves applying this at the early stage in the embrayo, so that the new gene would be incorporated into the germ cells and hence will be inheritable. This approach is not considered to be safe either safe or ethical because the consequences may affect the descendants of the patients. Therefore, this review throws more light on gene therapy, its application and consequences in the developing countries.","PeriodicalId":13971,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical and Health Sciences","volume":"PP 1","pages":"80-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84922646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}