International Journal of Ceramic Engineering & Science最新文献

{"title":"Institutional and technical history of requirements-based strategic armor ceramics basic research leading up to the multiscale material by design materials in extreme dynamic environments (MEDE) program. Part II: Dynamic effects on the physics and mechanisms of advanced ceramics such as boron carbide","authors":"James W. McCauley,&nbsp;K. T. Ramesh","doi":"10.1002/ces2.10178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ces2.10178","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper follows a historical background on requirements-based strategic armor research, leading to the materials in extreme dynamic environments program presented in Part I, now focusing on the developed technical aspects and state-of-the-art. It starts with some background on dynamic testing techniques and a structural ceramics review. Then, selected armor ceramics research results and relevant single-grain anisotropic crystal physics, microstructure, and defect mechanics mechanisms: Including pivotal armor ceramics research results prior to the adoption of the strategic research objective (SRO). Next, multiscale characteristics, crystal physics, planar features, anisotropy, and relevant mechanisms will be described. The historic progression/evolution of multiscale lightweight armor ceramics research results will be summarized, including multiscale dynamic deformation and damage characteristics. The focus of the following sections will be on the role of defects, quasi-plasticity, and anisotropic crystal physics properties, including preexisting single grain synthesis and process-induced planar features (aka twins) and planar deformation features (PDF); for example, nano-amorphization in boron carbide. A new model for boron carbide processing planar features will be discussed. A schematic diagram illustrating the hypothetical formation of PDFs in a dynamic event is also presented. An expended canonical equation is introduced, suggesting possible strategies for boron carbide research using the canonical figures of merit approach. Finally, we highlight the efficacy of the materials by design process and approach in a multiscale framework for the simultaneous experimental and theoretical research trajectories guided by the accepted canonical equation.</p>","PeriodicalId":13948,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ceramic Engineering & Science","volume":"5 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ces2.10178","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50152550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved flexural strength and morphology of gypsum by wollastonite","authors":"Ayokunle Blessing Ikuyinminu,&nbsp;Christian Pritzel,&nbsp;Reinhard Trettin","doi":"10.1002/ces2.10177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ces2.10177","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The role of β-wollastonite on the flexural strength of gypsum obtained from the hydration of alpha-hemihydrate was investigated in this work. Starting with a synthesized Xonotlite obtained from the industry, dehydration was carried out at 880°C giving rise to the β-wollastonite which was identified by X-ray diffraction. The pure gypsum samples were prepared and compared with 3% and 5% replacements of the wollastonite. Increased flexural strengths were observed for 2, 7 and 28 days of storage in room temperature, normal water, and cold water. It was remarkable that the strength in water storage increased. The crystal morphology of the obtained gypsum was also improved in the presence of β-wollastonite.</p>","PeriodicalId":13948,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ceramic Engineering & Science","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ces2.10177","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50136620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High temperature confocal scanning laser microscopy analysis of dead-burned magnesia aggregates","authors":"Tyler Richards,&nbsp;Viraj Athavale,&nbsp;Jeffrey Smith,&nbsp;Ronald O'Malley","doi":"10.1002/ces2.10175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ces2.10175","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Dead-burned magnesia is a commonly used material in the manufacturing of refractories for the steelmaking industry. Aggregates of dead-burned magnesia contain secondary phases due to the impurities within the magnesite rock used in its production. While these phases can aid in sintering magnesia, they may have some impact on the high-temperature performance of the refractory product. High-temperature confocal scanning laser microscopy was utilized to observe the behavior of dead-burned magnesia aggregates at elevated temperatures (up to 1550°C). Liquid formation was detected even at temperatures below 1350°C. In some cases, this liquid quickly exuded from the aggregate surface. This liquid phase was characterized through microscopy and chemical analysis to determine the impact of impurity content on the formation and behavior of this liquid phase, and conclusions are drawn on its detrimental impact on the material's refractoriness in a steelmaking environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":13948,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ceramic Engineering & Science","volume":"5 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ces2.10175","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50127125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pressure mapped squeeze flow (PMSF): Extending rheological characterization of mortars beyond traditional rheometry","authors":"Franco A. Grandes,&nbsp;Andressa C. A. Rego,&nbsp;Markus S. Rebmann,&nbsp;Fábio A. Cardoso,&nbsp;Rafael G. Pileggi","doi":"10.1002/ces2.10174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ces2.10174","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The rheometric techniques available for the evaluation of mortars involve a different set of flow conditions. Squeeze flow is based on the compression of the sample with gap reduction and geometric restrictions, providing important information even when phase separation occurs and an evaluation in conditions similar to those found in several practical situations for many classes of materials, including cement-based and ceramics. Traditional squeeze flow results are related to bulk normal force and height variation of a sample compressed between parallel plates. Additional information regarding boundary conditions at the interfaces or phenomena related to differential flow can be obtained through further instrumentation of the test. The combination of squeeze flow and a pressure mapping technique has been recently proposed, with great potential for the analysis of cement-based materials and other granular suspensions. In this work, four mortars were evaluated by the pressure mapped squeeze flow (PMSF) method in two different displacement rates, and new ways to analyze the results were developed to expand the understanding of the flow through the technique, including plotting the pressure along multiple circumferences and an analysis of variation in each radial position. PMSF results were also compared to rotational rheometry and flow table tests for the first time, and concepts of interparticle separation were employed to discuss microstructural aspects of the flow. Due to the variety of mix designs (admixtures, particle size distribution, air content, water content, and other factors), the mortars presented diverse behaviors, ranging from primarily viscous or plastic flows to more granular responses (related to friction between particles with localized formation of jammed structures due to liquid phase migration). This work is part of an effort to establish a foundation for PMSF as a rheometric method that can be used for the analysis of a wide range of materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":13948,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ceramic Engineering & Science","volume":"5 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ces2.10174","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50137160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the bactericidal properties of ZnO/Ag0 nanoparticles in the treatment of raw sewage effluents","authors":"Micheline D. D. Moreira,&nbsp;Nivaldo F. Andrade Neto,&nbsp;Fernanda K. F. Oliveira,&nbsp;Carlos A. Paskocimas,&nbsp;Mauricio R. D. Bomio,&nbsp;Fabiana V. Motta","doi":"10.1002/ces2.10173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ces2.10173","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this work, the antimicrobial treatment of raw sewage effluents (RSE) of residences was studied. For this, the RSE was collected from a treatment plant and the antimicrobial activity was evaluated using Ag⁰ decorated ZnO nanoparticles. ZnO/Ag⁰ nanoparticles were synthesized by a microwave-assisted hydrothermal method and sonochemical method. The effect of ZnO/Ag⁰ nanoparticles was evaluated by varying the concentration of the catalyst to the RSE, varying the amount of silver, and varying the contact time of the catalyst with the RSE, to optimize the process. The ZnO/Ag⁰ nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction, surface area using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller methodology, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The results indicate that the particles synthesized by the association of sonochemical and hydrothermal methods provide a better antimicrobial result against all tested bacteria. The results obtained in this manuscript indicate an alternative methodology in the removal of 99% of the bacteria from tailings from a real sewer, showing its applicability in the treatment for later consumption.</p>","PeriodicalId":13948,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ceramic Engineering & Science","volume":"5 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ces2.10173","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50154193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance evaluation for Ag and Au nanoparticle containing K2O-MgO-B2O3-Al2O3-SiO2-F glass sealants for SOFC application","authors":"Mrinmoy Garai,&nbsp;Shibayan Roy","doi":"10.1002/ces2.10172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ces2.10172","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The present work illustrates the effect of Ag and Au nanoparticle addition on the density, microstructure, phase formation and thermal performance of K₂O-MgO-B₂O₃-Al₂O₃-SiO₂-F glass-ceramics considered as a potential sealant material for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) applications. Addition of 0.2 wt.% Ag and Au nanoparticles caused a steep increase in the density of the base glasses in comparison to the glass containing an equivalent amount (0.2 wt%) of Cu nanoparticle. The glass-ceramics were prepared from the base glasses by controlled heat treatment at 900°C, a temperature relevant for SOFC operation. They were multicrystalline having fluorophlogopite (KMg₃AlSi₃O₁₀F₂) as the predominant crystal phase and norbergite (Mg₂SiO₄.MgF₂) and enstatite (MgSiO₃) as additional phases. Fluorophlogopite crystals form in both plate-like and rod-like morphologies within the glass matrix in the microstructure of the glass-ceramics. The size of the plate-shaped fluorophlogopite crystals increases for Ag nanoparticles containing glass-ceramics in comparison to either Cu or Au nanoparticles containing glass-ceramics. The density of the Ag and Au nanoparticle glass-ceramics are also considerably higher due to the formation of a compact interlocked crystalline microstructures. The Au nanoparticle containing glass-ceramics is characterized by a large thermal expansion (coefficient of thermal expansion, CTE= 11.29 × 10⁻⁶/K in 50–800°C range) which is comparable to other SOFC components. This glass/glass-ceramics sealant also possess maximum volume shrinkage in the range of 30–900°C as well as nearly constant CTE without any considerable decrease up to 10 cycles of SOFC operations making it suitable for SOFC sealant applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":13948,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ceramic Engineering & Science","volume":"5 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ces2.10172","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50153927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiation heat transfer during hypersonic flight: A review of emissivity measurement and enhancement approaches of ultra-high temperature ceramics","authors":"Abdullah A. Saad,&nbsp;Carlos Martinez,&nbsp;Rodney W. Trice","doi":"10.1002/ces2.10171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ces2.10171","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Emissivity as a function of wavelength, direction, and temperature correlates to a material's efficiency in radiating thermal energy. Knowledge of emissivity is essential for designing and developing radiation-cooled thermal protective systems for hypersonic applications. It is desirable to achieve a high emissivity (with a value close to 1) to maximize heat radiation from a hot surface of a hypersonic vehicle's leading edge during atmospheric re-entry. With the goal of providing the hypersonic materials community with this necessary knowledge, this article offers a basic understanding of thermal radiation, methods for measuring emissivity at high temperatures, and a comprehensive overview of the emissivity of ultra-high temperature ceramics.</p>","PeriodicalId":13948,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ceramic Engineering & Science","volume":"5 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ces2.10171","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50141901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atomistic grain boundary migration in Al2O3","authors":"Bin Feng,&nbsp;Jiake Wei,&nbsp;Naoya Shibata,&nbsp;Yuichi Ikuhara","doi":"10.1002/ces2.10169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ces2.10169","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Grain boundary (GB) migration is one of the most important phenomena in materials science, which plays a key role in modifying the microstructures and properties of polycrystalline ceramic materials. Understanding how GB migrates is thus a fundamental and critical issue for future ceramic material design. While the understanding of GB atomic structures has evolved significantly over the past several decades due to the progress of atomic-resolution electron microscopy and atomistic simulation, the understanding of the atomistic grain boundary migration is still lacking. The present article briefly reviews our recent progress on the direct observation of atomistic GB migration in ceramic material by atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). Using Al₂O₃ as a model material, we found that the atomistic GB migration proceeds with atom shuffling accompanied by GB structural change and/or nucleation of disconnection, which is highly dependent on the GB atomic structures.</p>","PeriodicalId":13948,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ceramic Engineering & Science","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ces2.10169","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50141669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Densification of BaZr0.9Y0.1O3-δ ceramic thin films by an infiltration and co-sintering approach","authors":"Yao Xiao,&nbsp;Rainer Waser,&nbsp;Theodor Schneller","doi":"10.1002/ces2.10170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ces2.10170","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The proton conductivity of Y-doped BaZrO₃-based ceramic (BZY) films is highly dependent on the preparation process, especially thermal treatment. In order to further improve the electrochemical properties of BZY thin films, a novel sintering method was introduced to enhance the densification of such refractory materials. BaZr_0.9Y_0.1O_3-δ (BZY10) was used as a composition in this case study and the concept is realized using chemical solution deposition (CSD) derived porous cathode and anode films as auxiliary layers underneath the BZY10 films, which are CSD derived as well. After co-sintering at 1200°C for 4 h, BZY10 films with a high degree of densification were attained, accompanied by average grain sizes of 300–350 nm. The grain sizes are comparable to common results found in BZY10 pellets sintered at 1600°C for more than 6 h. However, the densification conditions are much better. For the porous NiO/BZY10 composite films, the in-plane conductivity is enhanced to about 2 × 10⁻⁴ S/cm at 600°C, which is quite close to that (10⁻³ S/cm) of optimized BZY bulk materials. The compatible stack structures and the remarkably low sintering temperature are applicable to the fabrication of proton-conducting solid oxide fuel and electrolyzer cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":13948,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ceramic Engineering & Science","volume":"5 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ces2.10170","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50141480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrical and thermal conductivity of CNT/alumina-nanocomposite ceramics","authors":"Christian Bechteler,&nbsp;Lisa Machuj,&nbsp;Kilian Hebendanz,&nbsp;Achim Rübling,&nbsp;Ralf Girmscheid,&nbsp;Hannes Kühl","doi":"10.1002/ces2.10167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ces2.10167","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the present work, carbon nanotube (CNT)-reinforced alumina nanocomposite ceramics were investigated about their electrical and, for the first time in such detail, thermal conductivity. Therefore, two different alumina powders with varying CNT-contents were processed by pressureless sintering and hot pressing to achieve CNT/alumina composite ceramics with varying porosity and CNT-content between 0 and 5 wt.% CNTs. A significant influence of the grain size on percolation threshold of the electrical conductivity was detected. The coarser CT 3000 SG-based ceramic showed a threshold of &lt;0.25 wt.%, which is the lowest reported threshold in literature. Pore orientation in the hot-pressed materials shows a significant influence on the electrical and thermal conductivity of the composite, causing anisotropic properties. Both, electrical and thermal conductivity are higher parallel to the pore structure and perpendicular to the press-direction, respectively, with electrical conductivity being up to three times and thermal conductivity up to 30% higher parallel to the pore structure. Unlike electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity decreases significantly with increasing CNT-content. As two influences, CNT-content and porosity, interact, each of them was analyzed separately in order to measure the isolated influence of CNT-content on thermal conductivity at constant porosity. It was shown, that thermal conductivity decreases considerably with increasing CNT-content even at constant porosity, because of a disturbed crystal structure due to a finer grain structure with more grain boundaries. This behavior is contrary to the expected, and sometimes reported, effect of CNTs. The combination of an increasing CNT-content and the related increase in porosity causes a strongly decreasing thermal conductivity of the material from 35 W/m∙K for pure alumina to 10 W/m∙K for alumina with 5 wt.% CNTs. The presented results in this and other previously published investigations from the authors show that CNT/alumina-nanocomposites have the potential of combining outstanding mechanical properties and electrical conductivity, which can be used as high performance electrically conductive ceramic material for a wide range of applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":13948,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ceramic Engineering & Science","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ces2.10167","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50137231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}