International Journal of Ceramic Engineering & Science最新文献

{"title":"Effect of resin composition on cure depth, dimensional accuracy, and surface roughness in Al2O3 stereolithographic 3D printing","authors":"Eoin G. McAleer,&nbsp;Mustafa K. Alazzawi,&nbsp;Richard A. Haber,&nbsp;Enver Koray Akdoğan","doi":"10.1002/ces2.10212","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ces2.10212","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The choice of resin for ceramic stereolithographic 3D printing has a critical impact on printed ceramic preforms. In this study, we focused on the correlation between resin composition and parameters such as cure depth, surface morphology, lateral dimension, apparent layer height, and surface roughness. Special emphasis was placed on the addition of an oligomer and a plasticizing agent to a monomer-based suspension. Four suspensions were studied: a 100% monomer (ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate) only suspension (M100), a suspension with 25% by weight plasticizing agent (polyethylene glycol) (PEG25), and two different suspensions with oligomer (urethane methacrylate) added at 25% (O25) and 50% (O50) by weight. Constant energy and printing parameters were used between suspensions. Adding a plasticizing agent (PEG25) was found to increase the cure depth and projected image of the samples, while additional oligomer with both amounts (O25 and O50) resulted in a decrease in the same parameters. The suspensions with oligomer were found to have increased surface roughness measured using the average deviation from the profile height mean line (<i>R</i>_a), with O25 at 13.47 µm and O50 at 11.47 µm. All suspensions had negative values of skewness (<i>R</i>_sk) in the range –0.4 to –1.2. PEG25 had the surface most distinct from a normally distributed surface with an <i>R</i>_sk of –1.12 and a kurtosis (<i>R</i>_ku) value of 4.49. The use of the average length of a profile element (<i>R</i>_Sm) as a layer height estimation tool was explored and it was found that the <i>R</i>_Sm was within 10 µm of the printed layer height in all suspensions studied except for PEG25. This study highlights the importance of resin composition in ceramic stereolithographic 3D printing. Modulating the inclusion of a plasticizing agent and oligomer in the resin has significant effects on printed sample parameters such as cure depth and surface roughness.</p>","PeriodicalId":13948,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ceramic Engineering & Science","volume":"6 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ces2.10212","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140263043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"X-ray computed tomography study of microstructure weakening by high-temperature hydrogen attack on refractories","authors":"Anita Razavi,&nbsp;Isabelle Henn,&nbsp;Almuth Sax,&nbsp;Peter Quirmbach","doi":"10.1002/ces2.10211","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ces2.10211","url":null,"abstract":"<p>X-ray computed tomography (XRT) is a three-dimensional (3D), non-destructive, and reproducible investigation method capable of visualizing and examining internal and external structures of components independent of the material and geometry. In this work, XRT with its unique abilities complements conventionally utilized examination methods for the investigation of microstructure weakening induced by hydrogen corrosion and furthermore provides a new approach to corrosion research. The motivation for this is the current inevitable transformation to hydrogen-based steel production. Refractories of the system Al₂O₃-SiO₂ are significant as lining materials. Two exemplary material types A and B, which differ mainly in their Al₂O₃:SiO₂ ratio, are examined here using XRT. Identical samples of the two materials are measured, analyzed, and then compared before and after the hydrogen attack. In this context, hydrogen corrosion-induced porosity and its spatial distribution and morphology are investigated. The results show that sample B has a higher resistance to hydrogen-induced attack than sample A. Furthermore, the 3D representation revealed a differential porosity increase within the microstructure.</p>","PeriodicalId":13948,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ceramic Engineering & Science","volume":"6 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ces2.10211","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140267007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calcined schist as promising ordinary Portland cement substitution: C3","authors":"Pozhhan Mokhtari,&nbsp;Kosar Hassannezhad,&nbsp;Sorour Semsari Parapari,&nbsp;Yasemin Akyol,&nbsp;Mehmet Ali Gülgün,&nbsp;Waltraud M. Kriven","doi":"10.1002/ces2.10207","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ces2.10207","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An effective method to make cement and concrete more sustainable is to blend them with the proper supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). This study evaluates a pair of schist-type materials with slightly different phase compositions, as a partial replacement for ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Materials received from several mines in ground powder form were studied by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy. According to the TGA results, the activation procedures for the candidate SCMs were determined. The as-received powders were heat treated in three different decomposition regimes (30%, 50%, and 80% of the total weight losses during thermal decomposition). These regimes corresponded to the activation level of the potential SCMs due to the de-hydroxylation of the clay-type minerals within them. Pozzolanic reactivity (pozzolanicity) of untreated as well as treated powders were estimated via electrical conductivity measurements in saturated calcium hydroxide solution. Blended cement pastes with 30 wt.% of OPC substituted with calcined clay-type materials have developed mechanical properties equal to those of pure cement (100 wt.% OPC) paste after 28 days of hydration time. Two blended cement pastes prepared with candidate SCMs were compared to 100% OPC and OPC composite paste with metakaolin, which is regarded in the literature as a standard.</p>","PeriodicalId":13948,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ceramic Engineering & Science","volume":"6 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ces2.10207","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140164419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical modeling and statistical analysis of the effect of thermomechanical properties on residual stresses in feldspar-based ceramic materials after thermal tempering","authors":"Marcelo Dal Bó,&nbsp;Dachamir Hotza","doi":"10.1002/ces2.10208","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ces2.10208","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study focuses on the investigation of the impact of the thermomechanical properties of ceramic materials on residual stresses generated after the thermal tempering process. A sodium feldspar matrix was chosen for numerical simulations, with variations in its thermomechanical properties of up to ± 20%, to encompass a range of properties exhibited by other ceramic materials. The simulations demonstrated that the viscosity of the material had the most significant influence on residual stress generation, while the coefficient of thermal expansion, modulus of elasticity, and effective diffusivity also contributed to residual stress formation. A statistical analysis based on a 2⁴ factorial design revealed that increasing residual compressive stress on the surface was achievable by increasing the coefficient of thermal expansion and modulus of elasticity, as well as the viscosity, while reducing the effective thermal diffusivity. Finally, a mathematical model was proposed to relate the thermomechanical properties of the ceramic material to the residual stresses observed on the surface following thermal tempering.</p>","PeriodicalId":13948,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ceramic Engineering & Science","volume":"6 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ces2.10208","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140164461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid HfC-SiCN matrix for improved oxidation resistance of carbon fiber–reinforced mini-composites","authors":"Shakir Bin Mujib,&nbsp;Mohammed Rasheed,&nbsp;Saravanan R Arunachalam,&nbsp;Gurpreet Singh","doi":"10.1002/ces2.10209","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ces2.10209","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hafnium carbide (HfC) is an ultrahigh-temperature ceramic with high melting point, chemical stability, hardness, and wear resistance. However, its low fracture toughness and poor thermal shock resistance limit its structural applications in extreme environments. In this study, co-curing of liquid precursors was carried out prior to complete pyrolysis of individual polymeric precursors. First, HfC preceramic polymer precursor was cured, followed by silicon carbonitride (SiCN) precursor curing on a 2D carbon fiber (CF) cloth using the drop-coating process. The infiltrated CFs were pyrolyzed at 800°C to achieve CF/HfC-SiCN ceramic mini-composites. The cross-linked precursor-to-ceramic yield was observed to be as high as 65% when the procedure was carried out in an inert environment. Although stable up to 1200°C, CF/HfC-SiCN samples demonstrated susceptibility to oxidation at 1500°C in ambient air. The oxidation of HfC in the presence of SiC leads to the formation of a hafnium-containing silicate (Hf<i>_x</i>Si<i>_y</i>O<i>_z</i>) along with hafnia (HfO₂). This compound of silicate and hafnia limits oxygen diffusion better than SiO₂ and HfO₂ individually. The incorporation of SiCN in HfC ceramic led to improved phase stability compared to a neat HfC system. The results of this study also show that the use of liquid-phase precursors for HfC and SiCN in the polymer-infiltrated pyrolysis method is a promising approach to fabricating high-temperature structural ceramic matrix composites with good oxidation resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":13948,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ceramic Engineering & Science","volume":"6 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ces2.10209","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140164460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of Ca/Si ratio in schists to enhance the pozzolanic supplementary cementitious material for OPC blending","authors":"Pozhhan Mokhtari,&nbsp;Kosar Hassannezhad,&nbsp;Zeynep Basaran Bundur,&nbsp;Sezen Donmez,&nbsp;Mehmet Ali Gulgun,&nbsp;Waltraud M. Kriven","doi":"10.1002/ces2.10206","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ces2.10206","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) are partial substitutes for ordinary Portland cement (OPC) to reduce cost, the production of carbon dioxide (CO₂), and fossil fuel consumption. Recent studies illustrated the effectiveness of calcined kaolinite clay as a proper partial replacement for OPC. Hence, schist-type materials containing sufficient clay contents are regarded as promising candidates for OPC replacement. This study focuses on the possible use of activated calcium carbonates (CaCO₃) to augment pozzolanic reactions of schists as a substitute for OPC. The use of activated calcium carbonates proved to be successful in expediting pozzolanic reactions and facilitating the formation of additional calcium aluminosilicate hydrate (C-A-S-H). In this study, the optimal strength performance for blended cement was achieved by adjusting the total carbonate content to 30 wt.% of the schist. The decision to introduce carbonate to the schist was guided by calculations determining the need for an excess of calcium ions to fully harness the potential for C-A-S-H formation. Virgin and augmented schists were activated by up to 80% of their respective potentials by heat treatment. Phase content and decomposition behavior of the active components were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cement paste samples incorporating 30 wt.% replacement of OPC with activated schist SCMs were prepared. The phase distribution and compressive strengths of these samples were assessed at hydration intervals of 2, 7, 28, 50, and 90 days. Cement formulations with activated calcium-augmented SCMs exhibited compressive strength values at 109%, 101%, 96%, 95%, and 94% compared to pure cement paste at 2, 7, 28, 50, and 90 days, respectively. These values surpassed 90% of the compressive strength of pure OPC at equivalent hydration time points.</p>","PeriodicalId":13948,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ceramic Engineering & Science","volume":"6 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ces2.10206","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140164446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and sound absorption performance of low-carbon fly ash cenosphere plates","authors":"Yongli Yi,&nbsp;Chu Li,&nbsp;Yu Han,&nbsp;Jingkai Nie,&nbsp;Chao Fan,&nbsp;Qiang He","doi":"10.1002/ces2.10204","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ces2.10204","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A series of low-carbon fly ash cenosphere plates was prepared using solid waste based cementitious material as binder through a simple process; meanwhile, effects of cenosphere's particle size and size distribution on microstructure and properties were investigated. In the range of 20–200 mesh, as particle size decreases, sound absorption performance decreases while strength improves. Appropriate particle grading can effectively improve the compressive strength, but it will lead to a significant decrease in sound absorption performance. Samples prepared from fly ash cenosphere with a particle size of 20–40 mesh show good sound absorption performance: when the cavity size is 0 mm, the maximum sound absorption coefficient is 0.64 and the average value is 0.36 in the range of 50–1 600 Hz; when the cavity size is 100 mm, sound absorption coefficient at 100 Hz is 0.47, the maximum sound absorption coefficient in the range of 50–1 600 Hz is 0.90, and the average value is 0.57 in the range of 100–500 Hz. The prepared low-carbon fly ash cenosphere plates show excellent sound absorption performance at low-frequency and are expected to have broad application prospects in low-frequency noise reduction and absorption.</p>","PeriodicalId":13948,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ceramic Engineering & Science","volume":"6 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ces2.10204","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139797275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and sound absorption performance of low-carbon fly ash cenosphere plates","authors":"Yongli Yi,&nbsp;Chu Li,&nbsp;Yu Han,&nbsp;Jingkai Nie,&nbsp;Chao Fan,&nbsp;Qiang He","doi":"10.1002/ces2.10204","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ces2.10204","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A series of low-carbon fly ash cenosphere plates was prepared using solid waste based cementitious material as binder through a simple process; meanwhile, effects of cenosphere's particle size and size distribution on microstructure and properties were investigated. In the range of 20–200 mesh, as particle size decreases, sound absorption performance decreases while strength improves. Appropriate particle grading can effectively improve the compressive strength, but it will lead to a significant decrease in sound absorption performance. Samples prepared from fly ash cenosphere with a particle size of 20–40 mesh show good sound absorption performance: when the cavity size is 0 mm, the maximum sound absorption coefficient is 0.64 and the average value is 0.36 in the range of 50–1 600 Hz; when the cavity size is 100 mm, sound absorption coefficient at 100 Hz is 0.47, the maximum sound absorption coefficient in the range of 50–1 600 Hz is 0.90, and the average value is 0.57 in the range of 100–500 Hz. The prepared low-carbon fly ash cenosphere plates show excellent sound absorption performance at low-frequency and are expected to have broad application prospects in low-frequency noise reduction and absorption.</p>","PeriodicalId":13948,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ceramic Engineering & Science","volume":"6 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ceramics.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ces2.10204","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139857445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of the Cr2O3–Mn2O3 colorants system on the spectral characteristics of R2O–PbO–SiO2 glasses","authors":"D. V. Petrov,&nbsp;L. L. Bragina","doi":"10.1002/ces2.10205","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ces2.10205","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The focus of this paper centers on an exploration of optical glasses with high transmittance within the infrared spectrum at wavelength of 1 060 nm, while concurrently demonstrating full absorption within the ultraviolet and visible spectral ranges. The paper analyzes the present state of glasses demonstrating necessary transmittance at IR range, considering their inherent strengths and limitations. In this context, an R₂O–PbO–SiO₂ glass system with Cr₂O₃–Mn₂O₃ colorants system emerges as the subject of this research. Research was conducted to comprehensively assess the impact of this colorant system on the glass spectral characteristics, while considering the potentially detrimental influence of FeO.</p><p>The principles underlying the industrial production of these glasses are systematically elucidated and presented. It was discovered that using gas heating during the cooling phase of glass melting resulted in the disruption of the spectral homogeneity of the glass, ultimately leading to defective product outcomes. Implementing the methodology of gasless temperature reduction (inertial cooling process) before glass pouring has created a favorable environment for producing high-quality items. Glass samples from the laboratory tests were obtained, and the researched glass was integrated into serial production.</p>","PeriodicalId":13948,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ceramic Engineering & Science","volume":"6 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ces2.10205","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139856549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of high energy radiation on electrical properties of synthetic bone materials","authors":"Krishna S. Machuga,&nbsp;Aria Tauraso,&nbsp;Mahack Kazmi,&nbsp;Ching Hua Su,&nbsp;Brian Cullum,&nbsp;Bradley Arnold,&nbsp;Fow-Sen Choa,&nbsp;Narasimha Prasad,&nbsp;N. B. Singh","doi":"10.1002/ces2.10202","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ces2.10202","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hydroxyapatites have been investigated since past six decades as laser host materials. Because of their important roles in bone and teeth, these have been subjects of recent investigations. Gallium and titanium have great potential for decreasing the depletion of calcium and reducing osteoporosis. The electrical properties and polarity play important roles in regeneration of the bones. We observed growth of grains in selenium-doped gallium and titanium containing silicate hydroxyapatites. Observed morphology showed non-facetted microstructures and it helped in achieving larger grains. For the material processed for the period of longer than 70 h, we did not observe any difference in the dielectric constant and resistivity of the selenium-doped materials. For irradiating the materials, a Cs-137 γ-radiation with 5 µm curie dose was used up to 100 h. We observed that the dielectric constant and resistivity at different frequencies ranging from 100 to 100 000 Hz were affected by the high energy radiation. However, bias voltage in the range of 50–1 000 mV did no alter the dielectric constant or resistivity. This indicated that the breakdown of the material did not occur for this bias range.</p>","PeriodicalId":13948,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ceramic Engineering & Science","volume":"6 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ces2.10202","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139809313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}