International Journal of Communication Systems最新文献

{"title":"8 × 200 Gbps Hybrid PON and Digital Filter Multiple Access Incorporating Fiber-FSO Link Impairments in a Wheel Architecture","authors":"Meet Kumari,&nbsp;Vivek Arya","doi":"10.1002/dac.70018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.70018","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Digital filter multiple access passive optical network (DFMA-PON) is adopted in recent years as it offers the high bandwidth, elastic network slicing, low latency, fixed data rate, and massive end-user comparability. To overcome limited system capacity, low transmission rate and fiber fault in existing DFMA-PONs, a wheel architecture based full-duplex 8 × 200 Gbps DFMA-PON integrated system using fiber and free space optics (FSO) link is presented in this paper. Results depict that maximum FSO channel range can be attained up to 2600 m together with 50 km fiber range under weak-to-strong turbulent, haze, rain, fog, and snow conditions. Besides, faithful fiber reach of 200 km can be obtained with fixed 100 m FSO distance at receiver sensitivity of −17.2 dBm and 1.5 dB power penalty. System can support 230 numbers end units at high optical signal to noise ratio of 29–88 dB with 50–200 Gbps throughput, together with high split ratio of 256 to −3.2 dB high gain as well as 2 dB noise figure. In addition, the comparative analysis with the previous work reveals that the proposed architecture offers optimum results than existing PONs. This system helps to enhance the disaster resilience with high network security, reliability, and survivability of 5G based networks.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Communication Systems","volume":"38 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143380032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Swarm Intelligent–Based Cluster Optimization in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks for ITS","authors":"Sandeep. Y,&nbsp;Venugopal. P","doi":"10.1002/dac.70016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.70016","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Internet of Things (IoT) has transformed vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), leading to the Internet of Vehicles (IOV). VANETs are wireless networks without fixed infrastructure, designed to improve traffic safety in real time, supporting intelligent transportation systems (ITS). Due to their unpredictable nature, VANETs face major challenges like frequent link failures, scalability, reliability, network layout issues, quality of service (QoS), and security, all of which are complex and difficult to solve (NP-hard problems). Traditional protocols are unsuitable for VANETs due to their unique properties. To accomplish the optimal number of clusters and achieve stability in VANETs within a dynamic environment, we propose a swarm-based metaheuristic algorithm called the rat swarm optimization (RSO) algorithm. The RSO algorithm employs a clustering technique to optimize the network performance and ensure efficient communication in VANETs. The RSO algorithm optimizes load based on node transmission range (Tx range) through effective resource utilization and coordination. RSO organizes the unstructured network into cluster structures and generates near-optimal clusters and CHs to reduce network randomness and maintain stability with lower communication costs. By keeping the number of clusters at an optimal level, the RSO algorithm enhances cluster lifetime and overall network performance. To assess the effectiveness and efficiency of the RSO algorithm, numerous experiments are performed by using various grid sizes, Tx ranges, and nodes in the network. The generated results demonstrate that the RSO algorithm stimulates 50.96%, 33.15%, 88.73%, and 96.70% optimal number of clusters when contrasted with the clustering algorithm–based on ant colony optimization (CACONET), moth flame clustering algorithm for IoV (MFCA-IoV), the whale optimization algorithm for clustering in vehicular ad hoc networks (WOACNET), and grasshoppers' optimization-based node clustering technique for VANETs (GOA) when the Tx range and nodes are taken into consideration. But, when the grid size is considered, the RSO generates 32.31%, 15.23%, 47.04%, and 58.33% optimal number of clusters when compared to cutting-edge algorithms. Hence, the quantitative results and the statistical representation show the proposed RSO algorithm's effectiveness over cutting-edge algorithms under the unpredictable nature of VANETs.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Communication Systems","volume":"38 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143380405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient Computation Offloading and Data Transmission Strategy for 3D Object Detection in Edge Computing Networks","authors":"Yu Guo,&nbsp;Ruiheng Zhang,&nbsp;Tingting Song,&nbsp;Xiaojuan Ban","doi":"10.1002/dac.70023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.70023","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>3D object detection leverages sensors like LiDAR and cameras to capture scene information, enabling precise determination of objects' spatial positions and orientations. This technology finds extensive applications in autonomous driving, smart homes, industrial automation, and intelligent security systems. However, high-precision 3D object detection algorithms often require substantial computational resources, posing limitations for deployment on resource-constrained devices. In this paper, we devise an efficient computation offloading and data transmission framework specifically tailored for edge computing networks to address this challenge. Our framework takes into account both the computing and communication capabilities of terminal devices and network conditions, offloading suitable computation tasks to the edge for processing. This approach mitigates the algorithm's performance requirements on terminal devices. Furthermore, we propose a data transmission scheme that incorporates attention mechanisms and hardware-accelerated coding. This scheme effectively reduces detection time and enhances overall system performance. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed framework significantly enhances the efficiency of 3D object detection on resource-constrained devices within edge computing networks, while maintaining high detection accuracy.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Communication Systems","volume":"38 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143362400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 3D High-Resolution Joint Location and Beamforming Prediction Model for IRS-Aided Wireless Networks","authors":"Gyana Ranjan Mati,&nbsp;Susmita Das","doi":"10.1002/dac.70024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.70024","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fifth generation and beyond (5GB) technology requires low latency, high capacity, and constant connectivity for safety and reliable service. Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and millimeter wave (mmWave) technologies can help meet these needs. However, MIMO can cause extra overhead due to massive channel feedback, and mmWave signals weaken over short distances, leading to limited coverage. Intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs) and highly directive active beamforming are recommended to address coverage and overhead issues. Most IRS research focuses on optimizing phase shifts in two dimensions. This paper introduces a three-dimensional model to jointly evaluate user location and IRS phase shift optimization. Additionally, phase constants are derived from optimal phase shifts to limit training overhead. A random forest learning algorithm is proposed, using optimal phase constants and codebook indices to train for each estimated location. Data transmission utilizes the Doppler effect to predict the possible locations of a user. In this way, the trained model can perform high-resolution joint beamforming for the current and future locations of the user. Simulation results show that the model accurately predicts phase shifts without needing channel state information while keeping complexity and training overhead low.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Communication Systems","volume":"38 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143362401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and Implementation of High Isolation Textile MIMO Antenna for Wearable Applications","authors":"Sanjeev Kumar,&nbsp;Kunal Srivastava,&nbsp;Sachin Kumar,&nbsp;Deepti Sharma,&nbsp;Rakesh N. Tiwari,&nbsp;Abhishek Kandwal,&nbsp;Mahesh Kumar Singh,&nbsp;Bhawna Goyal","doi":"10.1002/dac.70010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.70010","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This work presents a single-layer wideband textile multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) antenna for wearable devices. The antenna design is made up of two rectangular-shaped monopole antennas that are mirror imaged and connected to achieve an equal voltage level in the ground surface. The antenna elements are excited by 50-Ω microstrip feed lines. By using a triangular stub decoupling element on the ground plane, greater than 22 dB of isolation is attained among antenna elements. The suggested two-element MIMO antenna has a bandwidth of 2.3–8.0 GHz and a dimension of 30 mm × 58 mm × 1 mm. In addition, four- and eight-element MIMO geometries have been designed and analyzed for massive MIMO applications. Also, an eight-element MIMO belt antenna for wearable straps is investigated. The effects of antenna bending on the human body are also investigated.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Communication Systems","volume":"38 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143120799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance Forecasting of Discrete-Time Priority Retrial Queue With Its Application in Cognitive Radio Networks","authors":"Shweta Upadhyaya,&nbsp;Shree Vaishnawi,&nbsp;Divya Agarwal,&nbsp;Izhar Ahmad","doi":"10.1002/dac.6136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.6136","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Queueing modeling and optimization of high-speed digital systems provide a tool to the system operators and administrators to build an economic system and to analyze overcrowding situations in various digital systems such as computer systems, cellular mobile webs, cognitive radio networks (<i>CRNs</i>), and many more. CRNs enable a more efficient and flexible use of the radio spectrum by allowing unlicensed users (ULUs) to dynamically access and share frequencies with licensed users (LUs), ensuring that spectrum resources are fully utilized while avoiding interference with licensed operations. This study aims to focus on complex, real-world challenges faced in CRNs and to resolve its few congestion issues through a queue-theoretic approach. The congestion issues faced by CRN can be resolved by modeling the Geo^X/G/1 priority retrial model with multielective services under the Bernoulli vacation schedule wherein the server's time can be better allocated to users to improve their grade of service. We can see how CRN can be seen as a discrete-time retrial queueing system according to the following formulation. In <i>CRNs</i>, there are two types of users: LUs and ULUs. The former is given priority over the latter in the sense that LUs can forestall the transferences (transmissions) of ULUs. In this perspective, the LU channel acts as a server that can be approachable by ULUs practically. The LU and ULU data packets, links, or sessions act as customers, which usually attach to the virtual track of blocked users if they do not get instant entrance. Moreover, each LU channel either provides access to the entering user or may cease providing service for some span of time called <i>vacation time</i>. This queueing process is termed as <i>Bernoulli vacation (BV)</i>. Also, we apply an admission control policy (ACP), which controls the number of arrivals. In this study, we perform a numerical simulation through which we can conclude that the average number of data packets in CRN and expected total cost increases linearly by upgrading either the admission control probability or arrival rate. Also, our study suggests that the average system size decreases with an increase in the probability that a licensed unit joins the system. Further, multicriteria optimization is used to obtain Pareto optimal solutions of expected total system cost and expected system waiting time in CRN.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Communication Systems","volume":"38 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143120801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Hybrid Heuristic-Aided Algorithm of Serial Cascaded Autoencoder and ALSTM for Channel Estimation in Millimeter-Wave Massive MIMO Communication System","authors":"Nallamothu Suneetha,&nbsp;Penke Satyanarayana","doi":"10.1002/dac.6140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.6140","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Channel estimation is a general issue for downlink transmission in millimeter-wave (mmWave) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) devices. To achieve the merits of mmWave massive MIMO devices, the channel state information (CSI) is very necessary. However, it is hard to attain the downlink CSI in the corresponding device, which results in training overhead. To overcome the particular issue, this paper proposes a new method as a serial cascaded autoencoder with attention-based long short-term memory (SCA-ALSTM), where the attributes are tuned using the iterative of reptile search and dingo optimizer (IRSDO) to derive the multiobjective function with multiple constraints such as root mean square error (RMSE), mean square error (MSE), normalized mean square error (NMSE), bit error rate (BER), and spectral efficiency (SE). The proposed SCA-ALSTM model leverages the power of attention mechanisms to focus on important information within the input data, allowing for more accurate channel estimation. By incorporating the IRSDO hybrid model, the SCA-ALSTM system can efficiently fine-tune the parameters to improve channel estimation accuracy while minimizing training overhead caused by evaluating a high amount of channel factors. Finally, the experimentation is accomplished with conventional algorithms and proved that the developed model helps to improve the channel estimation accuracy while reducing training overhead. By leveraging the developed model, channel estimation may be enhanced regarding accuracy and efficiency with reduced computational complexity. Moreover, it can better handle the complexities of non–line-of-sight (NLOS) channels, leading to improved estimation accuracy. Thus, the system outperforms the channel estimation to raise the efficiency.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Communication Systems","volume":"38 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143121097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wireless Sensing-Based Remote Detection of Concealed Metallic Objects","authors":"Muhammad Salman Yousaf,&nbsp;Imran Javed,&nbsp;Asim Loan","doi":"10.1002/dac.6118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.6118","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Concealed weapon detection has gained widespread interest in recent times due to prevalent law and order situation. There is an ever-increasing need of detection of body-worn harmful objects from a safe distance to save precious human life and to cause minimal damage to infrastructure. Most of the conventional weapon detection schemes require proximity to target for detection. To alleviate the problem of close proximity, WiFi-based wireless sensing has recently emerged as a promising technique for remote detection and sensing in different applications. The focus of this research is to implement a low cost and robust WiFi-based wireless detection system for body-worn concealed objects. The methodology is based on utilizing low-cost WiFi sensors to acquire Channel State Information (CSI), smoothening/filtering of CSI data, extraction of different statistical parameters and building a model to differentiate among two cases of body-plus-weapon and body only. Probability density functions of the variance of CSI features are computed under metal and non-metal scenarios, that are non-overlapping, which validate the effectiveness of proposed approach to separate metal and non-metal scenarios. Furthermore, heatmap images are generated and a deep learning model is trained to automate the detection process. Our deep learning-based automated detection methodology has achieved an overall accuracy of 90.5% and 87.5% on test samples, respectively, for the detection of a metallic plate and a real gun in indoor setting at 20 ft distance from the antenna.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Communication Systems","volume":"38 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143120800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Off-Grid DOA Estimation of Acoustic Vector Sensor Array Based on Look Ahead Strategy in Impulsive Noise","authors":"Zebiao Shan,&nbsp;Ruiguang Yao,&nbsp;Xiaosong Liu,&nbsp;Yunqing Liu","doi":"10.1002/dac.70000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.70000","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To address the issue of low direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation accuracy for acoustic vector sensor arrays under impulsive noise and grid mismatch conditions, a look ahead orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm based on phased fractional lower-order moments (PFLOM) is proposed. First, the algorithm uses PFLOM to suppress impulsive noise and reconstructs the PFLOM matrix using a vectorization operator. Next, it introduces off-grid deviation by performing a first-order Taylor expansion on the steering vector matrix, constructing a PFLOM-based off-grid sparse DOA model. Then, the look ahead strategy is introduced into the algorithm to select the optimal atoms by predicting their impact on the residuals. Finally, the joint sparsity of the coarse DOA estimation and the off-grid deviation vector is exploited to calculate the corresponding off-grid deviation using the alternating direction iteration method, resulting in the DOA estimation for the off-grid targets. Computer simulations validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, with experimental results showing higher estimation accuracy and success rate compared with existing methods.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Communication Systems","volume":"38 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143120201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Distributed Downlink Resource Allocation Methods for Heterogeneous Networks","authors":"Ilke Altin,&nbsp;Mehmet Akar","doi":"10.1002/dac.6120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.6120","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper proposes novel distributed subchannel and power allocation algorithms for heterogeneous networks. First, we introduce a subchannel allocation algorithm that minimizes the maximum effective interference experienced by users in the network. We analytically prove that the proposed subchannel allocation algorithm minimizes the effective interference in the network. Subsequently, two power control algorithms are presented for the power allocation problem, and their convergence analysis is given. Afterward, the improvement in throughput by utilizing the proposed power control algorithm is shown by simulations. Finally, the proposed subchannel and power allocation algorithms are combined to form a joint resource allocation method, which is shown to outperform existing distributed resource allocation methods in the literature.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Communication Systems","volume":"38 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143119970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}