G. D. Bajju, Deepmala, S. K. Anand, Sujata Kundan, Narinder Singh
{"title":"Electrochemical and Spectroscopic Characterization of Aluminium(III)-para-methyl-meso-tetraphenylporphyrin Complexes Containing Substituted Salicylates as Axial Ligands","authors":"G. D. Bajju, Deepmala, S. K. Anand, Sujata Kundan, Narinder Singh","doi":"10.1155/2013/409375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/409375","url":null,"abstract":"A series of aluminium(III)-p-methyl-meso-tetraphenylporphyrin (p-CH3TPP-Al(III)) containing axially coordinated salicylate anion [p-CH3TPP-Al-X)], where X = salicylate (SA), 4-chlorosalicylate (4-CSA), 5-chlorosalicylate (5-CSA), 5-flourosalicylate (5-FSA), 4-aminosalicylate (4-ASA), 5-aminosalicylate (5-ASA), 5-nitrosalicylate (5-NSA), and 5-sulfosalicylate (5-SSA), have been synthesized and characterized by various spectroscopic techniques including ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis), infrared (IR) spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy, 13C NMR, and elemental analysis. A detailed study of electrochemistry of all the synthesized compounds has been done to compare their oxidation and reduction mechanisms and to explain the effect of axial coordination on their redox properties.","PeriodicalId":13933,"journal":{"name":"International journal of electrochemistry","volume":"2013 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2013-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/409375","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64417588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Naveen M. Gokavi, Vijay P. Pattar, Atmanand M. Bagoji, S. Nandibewoor
{"title":"Square Wave Voltammetric Determination of 2-Thiouracil in Pharmaceuticals and Real Samples Using Glassy Carbon Electrode","authors":"Naveen M. Gokavi, Vijay P. Pattar, Atmanand M. Bagoji, S. Nandibewoor","doi":"10.1155/2013/627854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/627854","url":null,"abstract":"A simple and rapid method was developed using cyclic and square wave voltammetric techniques for the determination of trace-level sulfur containing compound, 2-thiouracil, at a glassy carbon electrode. 2-thiouracil produced two anodic peaks at 0.334 V and 1.421 V and a cathodic peak at −0.534 V. The square wave voltammetry of 2-thiouracil gave a good linear response in the range of 1–20 μM with a detection limit of 0.16 μM and quantification limit of 0.53 μM (0.0679 μg/g), which is in good agreement as per IUPAC definition of trace component analysis (100 μg/g). The obtained recoveries range from 98.10% to 102.1%. The proposed method was used successfully for its quantitative determination in pharmaceutical formulations and urine as real samples.","PeriodicalId":13933,"journal":{"name":"International journal of electrochemistry","volume":"2013 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2013-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/627854","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64183641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Faster-Than-Real-Time Simulation of Lithium Ion Batteries with Full Spatial and Temporal Resolution","authors":"S. Mazumder, J. Lu","doi":"10.1155/2013/268747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/268747","url":null,"abstract":"A one-dimensional coupled electrochemical-thermal model of a lithium ion battery with full temporal and normal-to-electrode spatial resolution is presented. Only a single pair of electrodes is considered in the model. It is shown that simulation of a lithium ion battery with the inclusion of detailed transport phenomena and electrochemistry is possible with faster-than-real-time compute times. The governing conservation equations of mass, charge, and energy are discretized using the finite volume method and solved using an iterative procedure. The model is first successfully validated against experimental data for both charge and discharge processes in a battery. Finally, it is demonstrated for an arbitrary rapidly changing transient load typical of a hybrid electric vehicle drive cycle. The model is able to predict the cell voltage of a 15-minute drive cycle in less than 12 seconds of compute time on a laptop with a 2.33 GHz Intel Pentium 4 processor.","PeriodicalId":13933,"journal":{"name":"International journal of electrochemistry","volume":"2013 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2013-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/268747","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64397577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analytical Expressions for Steady-State Concentrations of Substrate and Oxidized and Reduced Mediator in an Amperometric Biosensor","authors":"Loghambal Shunmugham, L. Rajendran","doi":"10.1155/2013/812856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/812856","url":null,"abstract":"A mathematical model of modified enzyme-membrane electrode for steady-state condition is discussed. This model contains a nonlinear term related to enzyme kinetics reaction mechanism. The thickness dependence of an amperometric biosensor is presented both analytically and numerically where the biological layer is immobilized between a solid substrate and permeable electrode. The analytical expressions pertaining to the concentration of species and normalized current are obtained using the Adomian decomposition method (ADM). Simple and approximate polynomial expressions of concentrations of an oxidized mediator, substrate, and reduced mediator are derived for all possible values of parameters (Thiele modulus), (normalized surface concentration of oxidized mediator), and (normalized surface concentration of substrate). A comparison of the analytical approximation and numerical simulation is also presented. A good agreement between theoretical predictions and numerical results is observed.","PeriodicalId":13933,"journal":{"name":"International journal of electrochemistry","volume":"2013 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2013-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/812856","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64265391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Electrochemical Studies of Betti Base and Its Copper(II) Complex by Cyclic and Elimination Voltammetry","authors":"S. Bhatt, B. Trivedi","doi":"10.1155/2013/678013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/678013","url":null,"abstract":"The electrochemical behavior of Betti base 1-(α-amino benzyl)-2-naphthol (BB) and its copper(II) complex by cyclic and elimination voltammetry (EVLS) is reported in the present study. The cyclic voltammetric studies carried out at a glassy carbon working electrode, Ag/Ag","PeriodicalId":13933,"journal":{"name":"International journal of electrochemistry","volume":"2013 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2013-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/678013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64201684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zahra Taleat, C. Cristea, G. Marrazza, R. Sandulescu
{"title":"Electrochemical Sandwich Immunoassay for the Ultrasensitive Detection of Human MUC1 Cancer Biomarker","authors":"Zahra Taleat, C. Cristea, G. Marrazza, R. Sandulescu","doi":"10.1155/2013/740265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/740265","url":null,"abstract":"A new electrochemical sandwich immunoassay for the ultrasensitive detection of human MUC1 cancer biomarker using protein G-functionalized magnetic beads (MBs) and graphite-based screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) was developed. Magnetic beads were employed as the platforms for the immobilization and immunoreaction process. A pair of primary and secondary antibodies was used to capture the MUC1 protein. After labeling with a third antibody conjugated with horseradish peroxidase (HRP), the resulting conjugate was trapped at the surface of the graphite-based SPEs and MUC1 determination was carried out by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) at 0.4 V upon H2O2 addition using acetaminophen (APAP) as the redox mediator. A linear relationship was obtained for the detection of human MUC1 over a range of 0–25 ppb with the lowest detection limit of 1.34 ppb when HRP was applied as a label. Preliminary experiments were performed using disposable electrochemical sensors in order to optimize some parameters (i.e., incubation times, concentrations, and blocking agent).","PeriodicalId":13933,"journal":{"name":"International journal of electrochemistry","volume":"2013 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2013-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/740265","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64234653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cyclic Voltammetric Investigation of Caffeine at Anthraquinone Modified Carbon Paste Electrode","authors":"Yemane Tadesse, Abraha Tadese, R. Saini, R. Pal","doi":"10.1155/2013/849327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/849327","url":null,"abstract":"anodic peak current and CAF concentration in the range 2.0 × 10 −6 − 8.0 × 10 – 4 M, with the correlation coefficient of 0.998 and a detection limit of 1.43 × 10 −7 M. The application of the modified electrode for the determination of CAF in pharmaceutical formulation showed good recovery with reproducible results.","PeriodicalId":13933,"journal":{"name":"International journal of electrochemistry","volume":"2013 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2013-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/849327","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64286182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jeerapan Tientong, Casey R. Thurber, N. D'Souza, A. Mohamed, T. Golden
{"title":"Influence of Bath Composition at Acidic pH on Electrodeposition of Nickel-Layered Silicate Nanocomposites for Corrosion Protection","authors":"Jeerapan Tientong, Casey R. Thurber, N. D'Souza, A. Mohamed, T. Golden","doi":"10.1155/2013/853869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/853869","url":null,"abstract":"Nickel-layered silicates were electrochemically deposited from acidic bath solutions. Citrate was used as a ligand to stabilize nickel (II) ions in the plating solution. The silicate, montmorillonite, was exfoliated by stirring in aqueous solution over 24 hours. The plating solutions were analyzed for zeta-potential, particle size, viscosity, and conductivity to investigate the effects of the composition at various pHs. The solution particles at pH 2.5 (−22.2 mV) and pH 3.0 (−21.9 mV) were more stable than at pH 1.6 (−10.1 mV) as shown by zeta-potential analysis of the nickel-citrate-montmorillonite plating solution. <path id=\"x1D438\" d=\"M609 650l-19 -162l-30 -2q2 69 -14 94q-9 18 -28.5 26t-74.5 8h-88q-30 0 -37 -6.5t-12 -36.5l-41 -212h103q48 0 69 5.5t32 19t26 50.5h29l-40 -198h-30q2 58 -11.5 70.5t-85.5 12.5h-99l-30 -167q-17 -87 3 -101q18 -15 111 -15q59 0 89 7t54 27q8 7 15.5 16t16 21.5\u0000l14 20.5t15 23.5t13.5 21.5l29 -10q-52 -129 -71 -163h-500l6 28q66 4 83 17.5t28 73.5l77 409q11 61 -0.5 75.5t-78.5 18.5l10 28h467z\" /> <path id=\"x63\" d=\"M390 111l17 -21q-34 -45 -80 -73.5t-89 -28.5q-91 0 -146 62t-55 147q0 118 101 195q74 57 149 57h1q59 0 90 -27q16 -14 16 -30q0 -15 -12 -29t-21 -14q-8 0 -19 11q-44 41 -101 41q-52 0 -87.5 -42.5t-35.5 -117.5q0 -49 15 -87t39 -58t49 -30t48 -10q33 0 60.5 12\u0000t60.5 43z\" /> for the films ranged from −0.32 to −0.39 V with varying pH from 1.6 to 3.0. The films were immersed in 3.5% NaCl and the open circuit potential monitored for one month. The coatings deposited at pH 3.0 were stable 13 days longer in the salt solution than the other coatings. X-ray diffraction showed a change in the (111)/(200) ratio for the coatings at the various pHs. The scanning electron microscopy and hardness results also support that the electrodeposition of nickel-montmorillonite at pH 3.0 (234 GPa) had improved hardness and morphology compared to pH 2.5 (174 GPa) and pH 1.6 (147 GPa).","PeriodicalId":13933,"journal":{"name":"International journal of electrochemistry","volume":"2013 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2013-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/853869","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64288080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Electrodeposition of Oriented Cerium Oxide Films","authors":"A. Wang, T. Golden","doi":"10.1155/2013/482187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/482187","url":null,"abstract":"Cerium oxide films of preferred orientation are electrodeposited under anodic conditions. A complexing ligand, acetate, was used to stabilize the cerium (III) ion in solution for deposition of the thin films. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that the ligand and metal tended to bind as a weakly bidentate complex. The crystallite size of the films was in the nanometer range as shown by Raman spectroscopy and was calculated from X-ray diffraction data. Crystallite sizes from 6 to 20 nm were obtained under the anodic deposition conditions. Sintering of the (111) oriented films showed an increase in the (111) orientation with temperatures up to 900°C. Also, the crystallite size increased from 20 nm to 120 nm under sintering conditions. Addition of the deposited films to the substrate improved corrosion resistance for the substrate.","PeriodicalId":13933,"journal":{"name":"International journal of electrochemistry","volume":"2013 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2013-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/482187","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64425906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}