International Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Research最新文献

{"title":"Role of early clinical exposure for clinical training among medical undergraduate students","authors":"Uma Maheshwari K","doi":"10.18231/j.ijcbr.2023.032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcbr.2023.032","url":null,"abstract":"Early clinical exposure (ECE) is a teaching-learning method which leads to the clinical exposure of first year medical students and also aids them to interact with patients as early as the first year of medical curriculum. ECE sessions help the students to improve their academic strength, clinical, and communication skills thus making them more confident. ECE makes an overall impact on student's performance and enhances their confidence in the first phase of medical curriculum. Planning of ECE can be done in different settings with the use of resource materials such as logbook, textbooks, instruments, case sheets, and computers. The Medical Council of India in new educational reforms made ECE sessions compulsory from 2019 in undergraduate medical curriculum. This review highlights the different roles of student in ECE sessions, different ECE settings during its implementation in regular teaching.","PeriodicalId":13899,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Research","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135760903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concordance between low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration measurement by enzymatic method and calculation by Friedewald formula in cardiovascular risk classification","authors":"Bénédicte Yékayo Kone Dakouri, Amidou Toure, Marie Laure Attoungbre Hauhouot, Adele Kacou-N'douba, Ismael Namory Karamoko","doi":"10.18231/j.ijcbr.2023.038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcbr.2023.038","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate estimation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is important for cardiovascular risk assessment and guiding cholesterol-lowering therapy. Due to the high cost of β-quantification (Gold standard) and time-consuming, direct measurement of LDL-C is an alternative method. However, unlike the calculation of LDL-C by Friedewald formula, there is an additional cost in terms of reagents for performing a direct LDL-C test. The current study aimed to compare direct LDL-C concentration determination to data calculated by Friedewald formula. 752 lipid profiles of 710 people with LDL-C estimated by direct LDL assay, in the Biochemistry laboratory of university hospital center of Angré, were included in the study. In the same group, LDL-C was calculated using Friedewald formula. Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (ccc) and Passing-Bablok regression analysis using, MedCal software, were performed to assess the strength of concordance between the 2 methods, and identify any possible bias. The concordance between the two methods was moderate (ρc = 0.9466). Passing-Bablok regression analysis revealed a systematic bias between the two methods. The total error observed (TEobs) between the two methods was higher than allowable total error recommended by the NCEP-ATPIII when LDL-C values was less than 159 mg/dL (4.112 mmol/L). The Friedewald formula resulted in lower LDL-C concentration values. Despite its cost-effectiveness in the estimation of LDL-C, an underestimation of LDL-C levels could result in inaccurate cardiovascular diseases (CVD) risk assessments and potentially significant future societal costs due to inadequate prevention and treatment of CVD.","PeriodicalId":13899,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Research","volume":"2011 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135761131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) with homocystinuria cblD & cblF types - A rare disorder of vitamin Bmetabolism in the western region of India","authors":"Mukesh Udevir Singh, Harshit Bhargava","doi":"10.18231/j.ijcbr.2023.043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcbr.2023.043","url":null,"abstract":"Methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) with homocystinuria cblD & cblF type, a very rare disorder of vitamin B12 metabolism, can result in severe neurological complications in a child. The incidence of combined MMA with homocystinuria cblD & cblF type is estimated as less than 1: 100,000. Mutation analysis by next-generation sequencing (NGS) and validation of the NGS variant by Sanger sequencing, is not only the gold standard in diagnosis of MMA but also, can help in the choice of treatment strategy as B12 responsive or unresponsive. We report a male child initially presented at 10 months of age with poor feeding, delayed growth and no head control (milestone, normally present at 3-4 months). The child on evaluation was diagnosed as a case of MMA with homocystinuria type cblD & cblF, based on investigations such as liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and mutation analysis done by next-generation sequencing (NGS) validation with Sanger sequencing. He was treated with vitamin B12 supplements and other supportive conservative therapy. Subsequently, he developed global developmental delay and severe neurological complications, within two years. The child was admitted to the pediatric ICU and he underwent percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) and placed on mechanical ventilation via tracheostomy in situ. Unfortunately, the child did not respond to treatment and succumbed to death, despite all resuscitative measures. The aim of this case report is to create awareness about a clinical presentation associated with a very rare metabolic disorder, MMA with homocystinuria cblD & cblF types and the need for early diagnosis, also, to establish an outline for the treatment in these patients.","PeriodicalId":13899,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Research","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135761133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antenatal screening for Thalassemia minor among conceiving females: A preventive measure","authors":"Sehrish Mehmood, Pervaiz Yousuf, Pakeeza Arzoo Shaiq, Safia Khalil, Umme Habiba","doi":"10.18231/j.ijcbr.2023.033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcbr.2023.033","url":null,"abstract":"Beta Thalassemia is one of the most common global health concerns worldwide. It affects a large population in Pakistan, too, thereby increasing the financial burden. Several screening procedures have been proposed to lessen the cost burden associated with Beta Thalassemia. This study focuses on studying the occurrence of beta-thalassemia trait among pregnant ladies, the commonest mutations among Beta Thalassemia Trait cases, and defining the hematological parameters to overcome this expensive burden. Blood was collected via venipuncture to carry-out CBC (Complete Blood Count) and H.B. (Hemoglobin) Electrophoresis is used to detect beta-thalassemia minor. In this study, the main CBC parameters to screen BTT included MCV (≤75fl), MCH (≤25pg), RBCs (≥4.50 million), and Hemoglobin (≤12g/Dl), whereas Hb electrophoresis confirmed the final diagnosis. The cut-off values for the final confirmation of BTT through Hb electrophoresis were >3.5% HBA2 and <95% HBA. Statistical tests used during the study included Mean and Standard deviation. Tetra-arm multiplex PCR was carried out to detect mutations. Thalassemia minor was detected in 15 out of 509 conceiving females present in our study cohort, thus overall incidence rate being 2.9%. Moreover, the most reliable parameters for screening beta-thalassemia minor included MCV, MCH, RBCs, and RDW. Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) didn't hinder the accurate diagnosis of the beta-thalassemia minor. Moreover, our data revealed the IVS 1-5(G-C) (4 samples) and FSc 8-9 (+G) (4 samples) to be the commonest mutations among carrier females. However, CD 30 mutation was found in 2 samples. However, Primers were designed for the most commonly reported mutations in Pakistan including F.Sc 8/9, IVS 1- 5, 619bp deletion, CD 16, and CD 30. Extensive screening strategies and detailed genetic counselling are needed to identify the risk and genetic epidemiology of Beta Thalassemia in Pakistan.","PeriodicalId":13899,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Research","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135761132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in THP-1 macrophages: promising in-vitro insights","authors":"Mohammed Abdullah Al Shuhoumi, Hamed Sulaiyam Al Hinai, Sam Hooper, Steve Potter, Sulaiman Amur Al Alawi, Dorel Anna","doi":"10.18231/j.ijcbr.2023.041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcbr.2023.041","url":null,"abstract":"Uncontrolled inflammation is a one route to the pathogenesis and development of inflammatory diseases. The scientific literature has reported many evidences supporting the notion that polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) belonging to the family of n-3 including docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), have an anti-inflammatory function. Although much has been learned about EPA and DHA, so many questions remain unanswered, including the differential effects on health of DHA and EPA as well as the dose-response effect on clinical outcomes. The present study is aimed to investigate the effect of the PUFAs; EPA and DHA in the inflammatory responses in LPS-stimulated THP-1 macrophages. Cells were incubated for 24 and 48 hours with EPA and DHA. Cell viability test were used to determine the viability of cells during and after incubation. Doses concentrations of 0.09 and 0.45 mM for both EPA and DHA were utilized to study the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines that were measured by ELISA test. All data were presented as SEM and subjected to normality test by Anderson and Pearson tests and the statistical significance difference was determined via one-way ANOVA test. Our study revealed interesting findings that are in a significant agreement to other studies in the literature. DHA illustrated a decrease on the levels of IL-6 in LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells treated with 0.09 mM, and a greater reduction with 0.45 mM DHA concentration (P<0.001). Moreover, DHA in our study, achieved no statistically significant difference in TNF-alpha inflammatory cytokines compared to cells alone (P<0.001). On the other hand, LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells, when subjected to EPA, it showed a significant decline in both IL-6 and TNF-alpha in the higher dose only and failed to express a statistically significant difference in 0.09 mM (P<0.001). In conclusion, our data support the notion that PUFAs represented in EPA and DHA, are capable to reduce the expression of inflammatory cytokines. DHA stands out as a more potent anti-inflammatory agent which is a suggestive for a valuable marker to fight chronic diseases. Both in-vivo animals and human trials are urgently demanded to validate our current data.","PeriodicalId":13899,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Research","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135760107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of serum adenosine deaminase (ADA) in the diagnosis of tuberculosis &amp; other respiratory diseases","authors":"Komal Waman Meshram, Arun Krishnarao Tadas, Sanjay B Agarwal, Poonam Lalla","doi":"10.18231/j.ijcbr.2023.042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcbr.2023.042","url":null,"abstract":": The WHO Tuberculosis (TB) statistics for India in 2021 gave an estimated incidence figure of 25,90,000 cases, i.e., about 40% of Indian population is infected with TB. There are different investigative methods available for TB diagnosis like ZN-staining of ., which lacks sensitivity & another method of Mycobacterial culture takes around 6-8 weeks to isolate . in culture which results in delayed diagnosis & treatment and meanwhile further progression of disease. Other sensitive methods like PCR & CBNAAT are costly & they require skilled personnel & lots of equipment. Therefore, there is a need of simple, cost-effective, rapid & reliable test which can be easily carried out in the clinical laboratories of resource limited countries. In some previous studies, the level of ADA in effusion fluids was used for the diagnosis of TB, but it is not always possible to access effusion fluid & it requires skilled personnel. Thus, the aim of the present study is to evaluate the usefulness of measuring the serum level of ADA as noninvasive biochemical marker in early diagnosis of TB.The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 serum ADA samples. Patient samples were divided into four groups based on their diagnosis, i.e., 50 patients with pulmonary TB, 50 patients with extra-pulmonary TB, 50 patients with respiratory infections other than TB & 50 healthy people not having TB. The ADA level for each group was presented as mean + SD & compared by applying post hoc Bonferroni test which showed that the pulmonary TB group was significantly different from the other 3 groups with p<0.001. According to ROC curve analysis, the best cutoff point was 21.8 IU/L at which sensitivity & specificity were 88% & 87% respectively.Serum ADA activity with high sensitivity & specificity percentage can be used as a reliable marker in the diagnosis of TB & to differentiate TB from other respiratory illness.","PeriodicalId":13899,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135760627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adverse pregnancy outcome in low PAPP-A levels: First trimester screening hospital based study","authors":"Ankur Jindal, Sunil Kumar Polipalli, Seema Kapoor, Ranjana Mishra","doi":"10.18231/j.ijcbr.2023.035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcbr.2023.035","url":null,"abstract":"To assess the adverse pregnancy outcome in Low Pregnancy Associated Plasma Protein -A (PAPP-A) levels in serum. This is a prospective cohort study, which included 2150 pregnant women who attended the antenatal clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology in the Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India. Blood samples were collected by the venipuncture method for First trimester screening to assess free β-hCG and PAPP-A concentrations were measured by Auto DELFIA (Perkin Elmer, Turku, Finland). In this study a total of 210 women who have the low PAPP-A value less than 0.4 MoM were under the closer surveillance for serious pregnancy outcome. 33(15.6%) women had pre-eclempsia, 27 (12.9%) cases showed intra-utrine growth retardation (IUGR), 6 (3.0%) cases have intra-utrine death. 48 (22.8%) women have pregnancy induced hypertension, and 96(45.6%) cases have other pregnancy related complication. Low PAPP-A levels gives an indication of adverse pregnancy outcome in the early gestation age during the first trimester.","PeriodicalId":13899,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Research","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135760109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytogenetic analysis of fanconi anemia patients: An hospital based study","authors":"Sunil Kumar Polipalli, Ankur Jindal, Madhavi Puppala, Seema Kapoor","doi":"10.18231/j.ijcbr.2023.036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcbr.2023.036","url":null,"abstract":": Fanconi anemia is a rare genetic disorder caused by mutations in genes whose protein products are involved in replication, cell cycle control and DNA repair and is associated with a very high frequency of bone marrow failure and many other manifestations including, but not restricted to, severe birth defects. The diagnosis of FA is confirmed by a specific test known as chromosomal breakage study, a differential technique in which clastogenic substances, such as DEB (diepoxy butane) or MMC (mitomycin C), lead to sections of the chromosome being deleted, added, or rearranged. In this retrospective study, peripheral blood smears of patients with Aplastic Anemia were analyzed to diagnose Fanconi Anemia. : A total of 135 cases of Aplastic anemia were analyzed and screened by chromosomal breakage analysis for ruling in/out Fanconi anemia. : A total of 9 (6.66%) out of 135 patients showed a significant increase in the number of chromosomal breaks in comparison to their control. An analysis of the variable clinical manifestations was also done and correlated to the diagnosis of Fanconi Anemia. : This study throws light on the importance of cytogenetic analysis as being the most classical test for FA which involves detection of chromosomal breakage or aberrations in metaphase spreads. This relatively inexpensive assay may be useful for screening patients for whom FA is in the differential diagnosis, such as those with radial ray anomalies, short stature, hypogonadism, or café au lait spots, or for population-based FA incidence studies.","PeriodicalId":13899,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Research","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135760099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of COVID-19 on ANA positivity in the Indian population","authors":"Alap Lukiyas Christy, Priyanka Pagare, Pratip Patiyane, Surekha Kamble, Raj Jatale","doi":"10.18231/j.ijcbr.2023.037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcbr.2023.037","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence of Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA) positivity has increased following Covid-19 infection. This study investigates the ANA positivity rate by comparing ANA data from two distinct years, 2019 (a pre-Covid year) and 2022 (a post-Covid year). This retrospective study analyzes and compares ANA Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA) data for the years 2019 and 2022 across various parameters, including age, gender, prevalence rate, positivity rate by grade, and patterns of ANA. In the post-Covid year 2022, there was a notable increase in both the total suspected cases and the ANA-positive cases, amounting to approximately a 30% rise. Positivity rates were observed to increase with age, and a female preponderance was noted in both years. Nuclear speckled patterns remained the most common in both time periods. The post-Covid pandemic period has witnessed a significant role of immune modulation in the development of autoimmunity. This phenomenon could potentially be attributed to Molecular Mimicry, the production of Autoantibodies upon exposure to Viral epitopes through the generation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs), or via Toll-like Receptor (TLR) pathways of immune modulation, which may activate latent autoimmunity.","PeriodicalId":13899,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Research","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135760103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Septic arthritis in sickle cell anemia","authors":"Haitham Ahmed AlMadhagi, Abd Alraouf Tarabishy","doi":"10.18231/j.ijcbr.2023.046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcbr.2023.046","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13899,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Research","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135760375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}