International Journal of Astrobiology最新文献_第6页

Hype, skin in the game, and the stability of cooperative science 炒作，游戏中的皮肤，以及合作科学的稳定性

IF 1.7 4区物理与天体物理

International Journal of Astrobiology Pub Date : 2022-06-24 DOI: 10.1017/s1473550422000222

A. Lenardic, J. Seales, A. Covington

{"title":"Hype, skin in the game, and the stability of cooperative science","authors":"A. Lenardic, J. Seales, A. Covington","doi":"10.1017/s1473550422000222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1473550422000222","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 We address a recently posed question: ‘Why Do So Many Astronomy (and Astrobiology) Discoveries Fail to Live Up to the Hype?’ We expand it to cover hype within science in general. Our answer relies on working definitions of hype and skin in the game, as applied to research science, and a game theory model for the stability of cooperative science. Low skin in the game allows internal feedbacks, within the research science community, to initiate increased hype and a drift toward structural instability. The instability leads to the deterioration of cooperative equilibria, which further enhances hype. Along the drift, the number of results hyped as breakthroughs will increase and more claims will fail to live up to the hype. This can lead to the public perception that science is moving backwards and a shift in the perception of what scientists, and science, values. Although a hype instability can be initiated by external nudges, a bigger role is played by the internal dynamics of the system, i.e. the collective of working scientists. Corrections for a drift toward instability should, likewise, focus on internal structure. Proposed external shifts on how research is disseminated will add restrictions to a system that can do more harm than good.","PeriodicalId":13879,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Astrobiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43128149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Astrophysical existential threats: a comparative analysis 天体物理存在的威胁:比较分析

IF 1.7 4区物理与天体物理

International Journal of Astrobiology Pub Date : 2022-06-17 DOI: 10.1017/s1473550422000167

Niamh Burns, William T. Parsons

引用次数: 0

Megatsunamis and microbial life on early Mars 早期火星上的大海啸和微生物生命

IF 1.7 4区物理与天体物理

International Journal of Astrobiology Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI: 10.1017/s1473550422000209

H. Veysi

引用次数: 0

The Fermi paradox: impact of astrophysical processes and dynamical evolution 费米悖论:天体物理过程和动力学演化的影响

IF 1.7 4区物理与天体物理

International Journal of Astrobiology Pub Date : 2022-06-14 DOI: 10.1017/S147355042200026X

D. Schleicher, S. Bovino

{"title":"The Fermi paradox: impact of astrophysical processes and dynamical evolution","authors":"D. Schleicher, S. Bovino","doi":"10.1017/S147355042200026X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S147355042200026X","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The Fermi paradox has given rise to various attempts to explain why no evidence of extraterrestrial civilizations was found so far on Earth and in our Solar System. Here, we present a dynamical model for the development of such civilizations, which accounts for self-destruction, colonization and astrophysical destruction mechanisms of civilizations including gamma-ray bursts, type Ia and type II supernovae as well as radiation from the supermassive black hole. We adopt conservative estimates regarding the efficiency of such processes and find that astrophysical effects can influence the development of intelligent civilizations and change the number of systems with such civilizations by roughly a factor of \u0000 \u0000 $2$\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ; potentially more if the feedback is enhanced. Our results show that non-equilibrium evolution allows for solutions in-between extreme cases such as ‘rare Earth’ or extreme colonization, including scenarios with civilization fractions between \u0000 \u0000 $10^{-2}$\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 and \u0000 \u0000 $10^{-7}$\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 . These would imply still potentially large distances to the next such civilizations, particularly when persistence phenomena are being considered. As previous studies, we confirm that the main uncertainties are due to the lifetime of civilizations as well as the assumed rate of colonization. For SETI-like studies, we believe that unbiased searches are needed considering both the possibilities that the next civilizations are nearby or potentially very far away.","PeriodicalId":13879,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Astrobiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43729792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

If extraterrestrial intelligence exists, it is unable to recognize humans as intelligent beings – ERRATUM 如果外星智慧生物存在，它将无法将人类视为智慧生物

IF 1.7 4区物理与天体物理

International Journal of Astrobiology Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1017/s1473550422000210

K. Szocik, Rakhat Abylkasymova

引用次数: 1

Atmospheric entry of sub-millimetre-sized grains into Mars atmosphere: white soft mineral micrometeoroids 亚毫米大小的颗粒进入火星大气层：白色软矿物微流星体

IF 1.7 4区物理与天体物理

International Journal of Astrobiology Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1017/S1473550422000155

G. Micca Longo, S. Longo

引用次数: 1

Life detection in Martian returned samples: correlation between analytical techniques and biological signatures 火星返回样本中的生命探测:分析技术与生物特征之间的相关性

IF 1.7 4区物理与天体物理

International Journal of Astrobiology Pub Date : 2022-05-24 DOI: 10.1017/S1473550422000106

A. Meneghin, J. Brucato, T. Fornaro, G. Poggiali

{"title":"Life detection in Martian returned samples: correlation between analytical techniques and biological signatures","authors":"A. Meneghin, J. Brucato, T. Fornaro, G. Poggiali","doi":"10.1017/S1473550422000106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1473550422000106","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract As soon as samples collected from Mars will be brought back to Earth, the samples will be placed inside a receiving facility to check for the presence of life. There is a large number of approaches that were proposed on the techniques to be used to investigate the presence of life and any biological risk in the returned samples. Another interesting approach was reported by Kminek in which suggestions were provided on how to organize the sample analysis sequence within the facility. Finally, another study suggested a long list of techniques capable of measuring biological signatures based on their general characteristics: global, morphological, mineralogical, organic, molecular and biochemical, isotopic analysis. Despite the effort of the cited studies, there is still the need of a critical approach to make an actual comparison between the techniques, with the aim to find a ranking. In this work, we focused on the construction of a correlation matrix with which to correlate biosignatures to analytical techniques. It is known that a number of techniques can detect biological signatures and, at the same time, each technique can be applied to multiple biological signatures. Using this method, it is possible to summarize all this information to be easily consulted, but also to define in a quantitative way how strong each correlation is.","PeriodicalId":13879,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Astrobiology","volume":"21 1","pages":"287 - 295"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41938017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Role of DNA repair pathways in the recovery of a dried, radioresistant cyanobacterium exposed to high-LET radiation: implications for the habitability of Mars DNA修复途径在暴露于高LET辐射的干燥、抗辐射蓝细菌恢复中的作用：对火星宜居性的影响

IF 1.7 4区物理与天体物理

International Journal of Astrobiology Pub Date : 2022-04-21 DOI: 10.1017/S1473550422000131

Claudia Mosca, A. Napoli, Claudia Fagliarone, A. Fujimori, R. Moeller, D. Billi

{"title":"Role of DNA repair pathways in the recovery of a dried, radioresistant cyanobacterium exposed to high-LET radiation: implications for the habitability of Mars","authors":"Claudia Mosca, A. Napoli, Claudia Fagliarone, A. Fujimori, R. Moeller, D. Billi","doi":"10.1017/S1473550422000131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1473550422000131","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract If life ever appeared on Mars and if it did refuge into sub-superficial environments when surface conditions turned too hostile, then it should have been periodically revived from the frozen, dormant state in order to repair the accumulated damage and reset the survival clock to zero for the next dormant phase. Thus, unravelling how long Earth dormant microorganisms can cope with high-LET radiation mimicking long-term irradiation is fundamental to get insights into the long-term resilience of a dormant microbial life in the Martian subsurface over geological timescales that might have taken advantage of periodically clement conditions that allowed the repair of the accumulated DNA damage. The exposure of dried cells of the radioresistant cyanobacterium Chroococcidiopsis sp. CCMEE 029 to 2 kGy of heavy-ion radiation (Fe ions) did not significantly reduce its survival, although DNA damage was accumulated. Upon rehydration, DNA lesions were repaired as suggested by the over-expression of genes involved in the repair of double strand breaks (DSBs), oxidized bases and apurinic-apyrimidinic sites. Indeed, the monitoring of repair genes upon rehydration suggested a key role of the RecF homologous recombination in repairing DSBs. While the fact that out of the eight genes of the BER system, only one was up-regulated, suggested the absence of DNA lesions generally induced by UV radiation. In conclusion, the non-significantly reduced survival of dried Chroococcidiopsis exposed to 2 kGy of Fe-ion radiation further expanded our appreciation of the resilience of a putative dormant life in the Martian subsurface. Moreover, it is also relevant when searching life on Europa and Enceladus where the radiation environment might critically affect the long-term survival of dormant, frozen life forms.","PeriodicalId":13879,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Astrobiology","volume":"21 1","pages":"380 - 391"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43977574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Amino acid dipeptide formation induced by experimental irradiance of a solar flare power 太阳耀斑功率的实验辐照诱导氨基酸二肽的形成

IF 1.7 4区物理与天体物理

International Journal of Astrobiology Pub Date : 2022-04-11 DOI: 10.1017/s1473550422000118

J. Mejsnar, V. Proks, P. Hezký, Marie Černá

引用次数: 1

Where will they be: hidden implications of solutions to the Fermi paradox 它们将在哪里：费米悖论解的隐藏含义

IF 1.7 4区物理与天体物理

International Journal of Astrobiology Pub Date : 2022-04-08 DOI: 10.1017/S147355042200012X

Niklas A. Döbler

引用次数: 3