Asy-Syir'ah: Jurnal Ilmu Syari'ah dan Hukum最新文献

{"title":"Khalwat Marriage Adat and Practices in Aceh: A Study on Adat Sanctions and Settlement Process of Khalwat Case","authors":"Wahyu Fahrul Rizki","doi":"10.14421/ajish.2020.54.2.341-363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14421/ajish.2020.54.2.341-363","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The study analyzes one of the traditions still underway in Aceh province, khalwat marriage. A khalwat marriage is a form of forced marriage as for khalwat offenders (those who are dating in a secluded place). The khalwat marriage itself is known to lead to some negative effects because many khalwat marriage couples were underage. Moreover, khalwat marriages arevalso not officially registered, and many couples decide to divorce soon after the wedding takes place. The paper attempts to investigate the reasons why adat law is still upheld vigorously in Aceh and why marriage is aplied as a adat sanction for khalwat offenders. To analyze and answer these questions, the researcher studied some essential works related to the application of adat law in Aceh and conducted some field observations and interview with some key informants. Using the sociological-anthropological approach, this research made the following conclusions: first, there has been a strict adat law enforcement in Aceh given the juridical support, sociological, and philosophical foundations. Second, some arguments to support the enforcement of forced marriage as adat sanction for khalwat offenders are: (1) the sanction is a form of tradition applied for a long time, (2) the sanction is applied as a way to preserve women’s marwah or dignity and her family, (3) the sanction is applied to uphold religious orders and this is the most fundamental sanction applied for khalwat offenders, and (4) the sanction serves as the extension of Qanun (Aceh Sharia Law) which applies only in certain regions.Abstrak: Tulisan ini mengkaji salah satu tradisi yang hingga kini masih terus berlangsung di Aceh, yakni pernikahan Khalwat. Pernikahan Khalwat merupakan bentuk sanksi adat bagi pelaku tindakan khalwat. Pernikahan khalwat itu sendiri memiliki sejumlah sisi negaif karena banyak di antara pasangan pernikahan Khalwat tersebut masih berada di bawah umur. Selain itu, pernikahan Khalwat juga sering tidak dicatatkan dan bahwa tidak sedikit dari pasangan pernikahan Khalwat yang memutuskan untuk bercerai tidak lama setelah proses pernikahan dilangsungkan. Tulisan ini berupaya menyelidiki penyebab mengapa hukum adat ini masih begitu kuat diberlakukan di Aceh dan mengapa pernikahan dijadikan sebagai sanksi bagi pelaku khalwat. Untuk mengkaji, menganalisis dan menjawab pertanyaan tersebut, peneliti telah menelaah sejumlah karya penting terkait pemberlakuan hukum adat di Aceh dan juga terjun langsung ke lapangan guna melakukan observasi dan mewawancarai sejumlah informan kunci. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan sosiologi-antropologi, diperolehlah kesimpulan: pertama, kuatnya hukum adat di Aceh karena ia didukung dan memiliki dasar yuridis, sosiologis, dan juga filosofis. Kedua, ada sejumlah argumen yang mendasari dijadikannya pernikahan sebagai sanksi Khalwat: (1) pemberian sanksi tersebut merupakan suatu tradisi yang telah diberlakukan sejak lama di Aceh; (2) untuk menjaga marwah atau kehormatan perempuan dan","PeriodicalId":138405,"journal":{"name":"Asy-Syir'ah: Jurnal Ilmu Syari'ah dan Hukum","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126512530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Application of Dynamic Zakat Percentage by Yusuf al-Qaradawy on the Professional Zakat in Indonesian BAZNAS","authors":"Gusnam Haris","doi":"10.14421/ajish.2020.54.2.299-317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14421/ajish.2020.54.2.299-317","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: This article explores the comparison of professional zakat acquisition at BAZNAS Indonesia between the zakat acquisition using a standard percentage and using the dynamic percentage offered by Yusuf Al-Qaradawi. Currently, professional and mal zakat at BAZNAS Indonesia has provided the largest income of all existing zakat acquisition. The percentage of professional zakat is using standard percentage, 2,5% of someone professional income. With using the payroll system, all muzakkys have the same amount of zakat, no matter how much they earn. It is not fair to those who have a small income. Can the application of a dynamic percentage of zakat on professional zakat increase the zakat acquisition and fulfil the justice? It is based on professional zakat data obtained from the National UPZ Collection Division of BAZNAS, and the data is simulated using dynamic percentages. The result shows that the dynamic zakat percentage is more fulfilling legal justice than the standard percentage and the zakat acquisition—that application of the dynamic zakat percentage-- has increased by 16.9% compared to the application of the standard percentage that used by BAZNAS today. Abstrak: Artikel ini memaparkan perbandingan perolehan zakat profesi di BAZNAS Indonesia antara perolehan zakat menggunakan persentase tetap dengan perolehan zakat menggunakan persentase dinamis yang ditawarkan oleh Yusuf al-Qaradawi. Zakat mal dan profesi di BAZNAS Indonesia saat ini telah memberikan income terbesar dari keseluruhan perolehan zakat yang ada. Persentase zakat profesi yang digunakan adalah persentase tetap yaitu 2,5% dari pendapatan profesi seseorang. Melalui  sistem payroll, seluruh muzakky disamakan tanpa memandang besar kecilnya penghasilan mereka. Hal ini dipandang tidak adil bagi mereka yang berpenghasilan kecil. Mampukah penerapan persentase zakat dinamis atas zakat profesi lebih mendatangkan keadilan dan dapat meningkatkan perolehan zakat profesi? Data yang digunakan adalah data zakat profesi yang diperoleh dari Divisi Pengumpulan UPZ Nasional BAZNAS yang menggunakan persentase tetap, kemudian data tersebut disimulasikan dengan menggunakan persentase dinamis. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa penerapan persentase zakat dinamis lebih memenuhi keadilan hukum dibandingkan presentase zakat tetap. Selain itu, pengumpulan dana zakat dengan menggunakan persentase zakat dinamis mengalami peningkatan sebesar 16,9% dibandingkan penerapan persentase tetap yang digunakan oleh BAZNAS saat ini.","PeriodicalId":138405,"journal":{"name":"Asy-Syir'ah: Jurnal Ilmu Syari'ah dan Hukum","volume":"284 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132333154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maqāsīd al-Sharīa in the Fatwa of the Indonesian Ulama Council Regarding Congregational Worship During the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"N. Nurhayati, M. Nasution","doi":"10.14421/ajish.2020.54.2.251-275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14421/ajish.2020.54.2.251-275","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The implementation of worship in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic, especially congregational worship, has led to a debatable problem among Muslims, including Muslims in Indonesia. Various Islamic groups in Indonesia share different opinions and views on the practice of worship during the pandemic. On the one hand, some groups reinforce that the COVID-19 pandemic should not become a barrier or hinder the religious practices. On the other hand, some others insisted that the practice of worship during the COVID-19 period must comply with predetermined health protocols. If necessary, it must be temporarily stopped to avoid the spread of the COVID-19 cases. In this regard, the Indonesian Ulama Council (MUI) issued fatwa number 14/2020 concerning the implementation of worship in the COVID-19 outbreak situation. This article examines and explores the basis and considerations of the MUI in establishing a fatwa regarding the implementation of worship during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using qualitative analysis methods and the theory of maqāsīd al-sharīa, this research concludes that restrictions on the implementation of worship during the pandemic - or even prohibiting the practice of congregational worship for prone areas COVID-19 transmission - are based on considerations of benefit,. which is the essence of maqāsīd al-sharīa. The aim is to ensure five primary things (faith, soul,  mind,  offspring, and wealth). Hence, anything that can interfere with or threaten the existence of these five things must be avoided. Abstrak: Pelaksanaan ibadah di era pandemi COVID-19, khususnya ibadah yang dilakukan secara berjamaah, telah menjadi persoalan tersendiri di kalangan umat Islam, dan tidak terkecuali untuk umat Islam di Indonesia. Berbagai kalangan memiliki pendapat dan pandangan yang berbeda-beda. Sebagian mereka berpandangan bahwa pandemi COVID-19 tidak boleh menjadi penghalang atau menghalangi pelaksanaan ibadah. Pada sisi lain, tidak sedikit juga yang berpandangan bahwa pelaksanaan ibadah di masa COVID-19 harus diatur sedemikian rupa dan jika perlu dihentikan sementara untuk menghindari semakin merebaknya kasus COVID-19. Berkenaan dengan hal tersebut, Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) mengeluarkan Fatwa Nomor 14/2020 tentang Penyelenggaraan Ibadah dalam Situasi Wabah COVID-19. Artikel ini mengkaji dan mengeksplorasi dasar dan pertimbangan MUI dalam menetapkan fatwa tentang penyelenggaraan ibadah di masa pandemi COVID-19 tersebut. Dengan menggunakan metode analisis kualitatif dan teori maqāsīd al-sharīa  penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pembatasan pelaksanaan ibadah di masa pandemi—atau bahkan pelarangan pelaksanaan ibadah secara berjamaah untuk daerah-daerah yang yang memiliki potensi tinggi dalam penularan COVID-19—didasarkan pada pertimbangan kemaslahatan yang merupakan inti dari maqāsīd al-sharīa. Tujuannya adalah menjamin perlindungan lima hal primer (agama, akal, jiwa, keturunan dan harta). Segala sesuatu yang potensial menganggu atau mengancam ek","PeriodicalId":138405,"journal":{"name":"Asy-Syir'ah: Jurnal Ilmu Syari'ah dan Hukum","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115964919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Penyatuatapan Sistem Pembinaan Peradilan di Indonesia Era Reformasi dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Otoritas Peradilan Agama","authors":"M. Ibrahim, T. Warsito, Sidik Jatmika, Ulung Pribadi","doi":"10.14421/ajish.v52i2.500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14421/ajish.v52i2.500","url":null,"abstract":"Abstrac: Management of the Religious Courts in Indonesia turn to changes in the Reformation era. Before the Reformation era, management of the Religious Courts was carried out by two institutions;, namely the Ministry of Religion and the Supreme Court, while in the Reformation era its management was only carried out by the Supreme Court. This paper looks at the phenomenon of formation change processes and its influence on the Religious Court, especially related to the reasons for changes and the factors that influence these changes. This phenomenon is influenced by internal factors and external factors. Its internal factor is efficiency in judicial management and the opening of opportunities for the Religious Courts officials to compete with other judicial officers below the Supreme Court. Its external factor is the enactment of several laws and regulations as mandated by judicial reform in Indonesia. These changes have caused significant results as can be seen in several aspects, such as the revitalization of positions, roles, functions and institutions, organizational structure, institutional processes (litigation and non-litigation processes), human resources, and public services that are fast, transparent and easy. However, the change in management still has unresolved problems, such as budgetary aspects and employee recruitment. Also, the independence of the religious courts during the reform era is not fully independent in totality because it still influenced by the power outside the religious courts or the supreme court; executive and legislative power.Abstrak: Pada era reformasi, telah terjadi perubahan pembinaan terhadap Peradilan Agama (PA). Jika sebelum era Reformasi pembinaan PA menganut sistem peradilan dua atap, dalam arti bahwa pembinaan peradilan PA dilakukan oleh dua lembaga, yaitu Kementerian Agama dan Mahkamah Agung, maka pada era Reformasi pembinaan PA menganut sistem peradilan satu atap, yakni bahwa pembinaan hanya dilakukan oleh Mahkamah Agung. Tulisan ini melihat fenomena proses perubahan pembinaan dan pengaruhnya terhadap PA, terutama terkait dengan alasan perubahan dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perubahan tersebut. Perubahan pembinanan yang terjadi pada PA dipengaruhi oleh faktor internal dan faktor eksternal. Faktor internal yang mempengaruhi perubahan tersebut adalah keinginan dari aparat PA untuk melakukan pengelolaan pengadilan secara lebih efisien dan memudahkan komunikasi di antara aparat PA dan juga harapan agar aparat PA mampu bersaing dengan aparat peradilan lainnya di bawah MA. Sementara faktor eksternalnya adalah diberlakukannya beberapa peraturan perundangan sebagai amanat reformasi peradilan di Indonesia. Perubahan tersebut telah menyebabkan perubahan yang cukup signifikan sebagaimana dapat dilihat pada beberapa aspek, seperti revitalisasi kedudukan, peran, fungsi dan lembaga, struktur organisasi, proses kelembagaan (proses berperkara dan nonperkara), sumber daya manusia, dan pelayanan publik yang cepat,","PeriodicalId":138405,"journal":{"name":"Asy-Syir'ah: Jurnal Ilmu Syari'ah dan Hukum","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133780855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Law Enforcement in the Practice of Bribery in Business and Trade in Indonesia: Between Theory and Practice","authors":"Hartini Atikasari, Btari Amira, Ridwan Arifin","doi":"10.14421/ajish.2020.54.2.319-339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14421/ajish.2020.54.2.319-339","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Abuse of power for the sake of business and trade profit has become an increasingly average occurrence in the practice of public procurement in this era of moral disruption. It is commonplace that government officials make an illicit arrangement with companies through bribery scheme to win tenders in the procurement of goods and services. This practice resulted in a shift of ideology and abuse of authority by government officials. This practice is contrary to the professional code of ethics, so it is necessary to settle such cases through juridical channels. The intervention of public officials in determining the award of contracts of government projects to certain parties has resulted in a crisis of public trust in law enforcement in Indonesia. This article reviews the basic principles of the criminal act of corruption and the commitment and integrity of government officials in implementing the professional code of ethics, and upholding honesty in order to achieve equitable law enforcement. This paper proves and confirms that the abuse of power by government officials for the sake of business profit in the public procurement has weakened Indonesia’s investment sector. In many cases, these activities may even lead to unfair competition in the trade and business sectors.Abstrak: Memperdagangkan otoritas guna melancarkan praktik bisnis dan perdagangan merupakan hal yang banyak terjadi di era disrupsi moral ini. Para pejabat pemerintah sering kali bekerja sama dengan para pengusaha dengan cara membantu memberikan stimulus berupa kemenangan tender dalam pengadaan barang dan jasa. Praktik tersebut mengakibatkan terjadinya penyalahgunaan wewenang oleh para pejabat pemerintah. Hal ini bertentangan dengan kode etik profesi, sehingga diperlukan penyelesaian perkara melalui jalur yuridis. Adanya intervensi pejabat publik dalam penetapan pihak yang menangani proyek pemerintah menyebabkan terjadinya krisis kepercayaan publik terhadap penegakan hukum di Indonesia. Artikel ini menelaah ulang dasar pokok aturan-aturan tentang tindak pidana korupsi serta bagaimana komitmen dan integritas para pejabat pemerintah dalam melaksanakan kode etik profesi, menjunjung tinggi kejujuran guna mewujudkan penegakan hukum yang adil. Tulisan ini membuktikan dan menegaskan bahwa perdagangan otoritas dalam praktik bisnis melemahkan sektor investasi Indonesia. Pada banyak kasus, kegiatan ini bahkan cenderung memperkuat kondisi persaingan tidak sehat dalam sektor perdagangan dan bisnis.","PeriodicalId":138405,"journal":{"name":"Asy-Syir'ah: Jurnal Ilmu Syari'ah dan Hukum","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132814789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deliberating Marriage Payment through Jujuran within Banjarese Community","authors":"A. Hafidzi","doi":"10.14421/ajish.2020.54.2.277-298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14421/ajish.2020.54.2.277-298","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: In the Banjarese culture of marriage, besides dowry, jujuran is also paid by the man to the woman in a certain amount of money under the request of the women’s family. Many researchers have discussed dowry, but only a few have revealed the reality of jujuran as a sign of marriage. This study was conducted with a phenomenological approach as part of a qualitative approach. The study aims to understand and describe a phenomenon about the subjects’ experiences regarding the Banjar community's marriage system, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. The research argued that the Banjarese use jujuran as a sign of a marriage agreement. It also asserts that although jujuran aims to improve their children's economic standard when married, it reveals that this system determines who has the right to propose to their daughters. The paper also maintains that the local practice of jujuran payment has, to some extent, violated the rights of the women to their choice in marriage, mainly when the prospective grooms are unable to pay the jujuran. Abstrak: Dalam budaya perkawinan Banjar, selain mas kawin, jujuran juga dibayarkan oleh laki-laki kepada perempuan dalam jumlah tertentu atas permintaan keluarga perempuan. Banyak peneliti telah membahas tentang mahar, namun hanya sedikit yang mengungkap realitas jujuran sebagai tanda pernikahan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan fenomenologi sebagai bagian dari pendekatan kualitatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami dan mendeskripsikan fenomena sistem perkawinan di masyarakat Banjar, Kalimantan Selatan, Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa orang Banjar menggunakan jujuran sebagai tanda akad nikah. Hal ini juga menegaskan bahwa meski tujuan jujuran adalah untuk meningkatkan taraf ekonomi anak-anak mereka ketika mereka menikah, tetapi sistem ini dapat menentukan siapa yang berhak melamar anak perempuannya. Penelitian ini juga menyatakan bahwa praktik pembayaran jujuran setempat sampai batas tertentu telah melanggar hak perempuan atas pilihan mereka dalam pernikahan, terutama ketika calon pengantin pria tidak mampu membayar jujuran.","PeriodicalId":138405,"journal":{"name":"Asy-Syir'ah: Jurnal Ilmu Syari'ah dan Hukum","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128806628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aturan Poligami dalam Perundang-Undangan di Indonesia: Studi atas Pandangan Aktivis Perempuan pada Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat (LSM) di Yogyakarta","authors":"Rike Humairoh","doi":"10.14421/ajish.v54i1.665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14421/ajish.v54i1.665","url":null,"abstract":": This article discusses about the views and responses of women activists in Yogyakarta to the rules f polygay tained in Indonesian law and regulation. This is qualitative research. The data was taken from women activists who are active in non-governmental organizations in Yogyakarta with a gender equality approach. This research finds, first polygamy is violence legaized by the state against women based on the perspektive of women activists in Yogyakarta. Second, the reason for allowing polygamy in the law only based on the weaknesses of women, ignoring the weaknesses that may also exist in men. Third,there is an element of gender inequality in the reasons for allowing polygami in Indonesian law and regulations.","PeriodicalId":138405,"journal":{"name":"Asy-Syir'ah: Jurnal Ilmu Syari'ah dan Hukum","volume":"183 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121363231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kududukan Doi Menre dalam Perkawinan Suku Bugis di Bone Sulawesi Selatan","authors":"Reski Ulul Amri","doi":"10.14421/ajish.v54i1.544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14421/ajish.v54i1.544","url":null,"abstract":": Doi menre is the giving of a sum of money by the prospective husband to the prospective wife under the agreement between the two families for the spent of the wedding party. Doi menre frequently decisively affects whether the marriage process will proceed. This paper aims to explain how the position and impact of Doi menre in Bugis marriages, Bone Regency. This research is a field study. Data were collected through interviews, then analyzed qualitatively. Based on the research, it can be concluded that Doi menre in the traditional marriage of the Bugis Bone community has been preserved as one of the primary requirements for marriage in the Bugis Bone community. Arguably marriage will not take place without Doi menre . This is different according to Islamic law, which stipulates that Doi menre is not part of the conditions that must be met. Thus, the position of Doi menre has become the customary law of the Bugis Bone community.","PeriodicalId":138405,"journal":{"name":"Asy-Syir'ah: Jurnal Ilmu Syari'ah dan Hukum","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114203839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Praktik Perjanjian Pinjam Nama (Nominee) di Kota Denpasar Bali Perspektif Hukum Positif dan Hukum Islam","authors":"H. Saleh","doi":"10.14421/ajish.v54i1.587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14421/ajish.v54i1.587","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: This article examines the practice of nominee loan, which are commonplace among foreign citizens (WNA) in Denpasar, Bali. The practice of nominee loan agreement has provided countless number of foreigners with the land control in the city of Denpasar, Bali. The data in this study were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The data were analyzed using the agreement theory that applies in positive law and Islamic law. The study concludes that several factors have contributed to the rampant practices of nominee loan in Denpasar, Bali, namely: (a) the amount of payment/wages promised to the community members; (b) the presence of a notary who provides human resources for nominee loans; and (c) the less effective law enforcement against the parties who conduct or are involved in the nominee agreement. As seen from the perspective of Islamic law, this nominee agreement is not in line with the pillars and conditions for the formation of a contract based on Islamic contract law. In a positive legal perspective, the agreement is also determined as void due to a breach of the purpose of an agreement stated in Article 1320 of the Civil Code. In addition, nominee loan also violates the provisions of the UUPA (Basic Agrarian law) because the land is only reserved for Indonesian citizens.Abstrak: Artikel ini mengkaji praktik perjanjian pinjam nama (nominee) yang banyak dilakukan oleh Warga Negara Asing (WNA) di Kota Denpasar, Bali. Praktik perjanjian pinjam nama ini telah menjadikan banyak WNA mampu menguasai lahan yang ada di kota Denpasar Bali. Data-data dalam penelitian ini diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam, dan dokumentasi. Analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan teori perjanjian yang berlaku dalam hukum positif dan hukum Islam. Dari kajian yang dilakukan diperoleh simpulan bahwa ada beberapa faktor yang menjadi penyebab munculnya banyak praktik perjanjian pinjam nama di Kota Denpasar Bali, yakni: (a) besarnya bayaran/upah yang dijanjikan kepada warga masyarakat; (b) adanya oknum notaris yang menyediakan SDM untuk peminjaman nama; dan (c) lemahnya penegakan hukum terhadap para pihak yang melakukan atau terlibat dalam perjanjian pinjam nama. Ditinjau dari perspektif hukum Islam, perjanjian pinjam nama (nominee) ini tidak sesuai dengan rukun dan syarat terbentuknya akad dalam perjanjian syari’ah. Dalam perspektif hukum positif, perjanjian tersebut juga tidak sah (batal) karena adanya kausa yang tidak sesuai dengan tujuan perjanjian sebagaimana tertera dalam Pasal 1320 KUHPerdata. Selain itu, ia juga melanggar ketentuan UUPA karena tanah hanya diperuntukkan bagi WNI.","PeriodicalId":138405,"journal":{"name":"Asy-Syir'ah: Jurnal Ilmu Syari'ah dan Hukum","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116926258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analisis Perbandingan Hubungan Zakat dan Pajak di Indonesia, Malaysia, dan Brunei Darussalam","authors":"Ledy Famulia","doi":"10.14421/ajish.v54i1.417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14421/ajish.v54i1.417","url":null,"abstract":": Muslim majority countries have set their own policies and strategies in the handling and management of zakat and taxes. Some countries may apply similar management by correlating between zakat and taxes, but several other countries may establish different models. This article examines the correlation and management models of zakat and tax in three Muslim majority countries in Southeast Asia: Indonesia, Malaysia and Brunei Darussalam. Using a normative juridical approach and comparative analysis, this study concludes that the management of zakat and taxes in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Brunei Darussalam shares many similarities, but also has some differences. In Indonesia, zakat is made deductible from taxable income, while in Malaysia the zakat policy is applied as a tax deduction. The management of zakat and taxes in Brunei Darussalam is regulated differently since the two are not considered related to each other. The different models of zakat and tax management in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Brunei Darussalam turned out to have a significant effect on zakat and tax revenue in the three countries.","PeriodicalId":138405,"journal":{"name":"Asy-Syir'ah: Jurnal Ilmu Syari'ah dan Hukum","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126588534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}