{"title":"Synoptic Scale Wind Field Properties From The SEASAT SASS","authors":"W. Pierson, W. Sylvester, R. Salfi","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1983.1152134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1983.1152134","url":null,"abstract":"Dealiased SEASAT SASS vector winds obtained during the GOASEX program have been processed to obtain super-observations centered on a one degree by one degree grid. The results provide values for the combined effects of mesoscale variability and communication noise on the individual SASS winds. Each grid point of the synoptic field provides the mean synoptic east-west and north-south wind components plus estimates of the standard deviations of these means. These super observation winds are then processed further to obtain synoptic scale vector wind stress fields, the horizontal divergence of the wind and the curl of the wind stress, each with appropriate standard deviations for each grid point value. The resulting fields appear to be consistent over large distances and to agree with, for example, geostationary cloud images obtained concurrently. Their quality is far superior to that of analyses based on conventional data.","PeriodicalId":137921,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings OCEANS '83","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130656628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Intelligent Interface For Remote Supervision And Control Of Underwater Manipulation","authors":"A. Madni, Y. Chu, A. Freedy","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1983.1152126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1983.1152126","url":null,"abstract":"Underwater manipulation continues to pose challenges to both robotics and computer technologies. With recent advances in sensor and artificial intelligence technologies, \"intelligent\" robotics presents a novel and effective solution to coping with problems typically encountered in underwater manipulation tasks. To date, a number of manipulation systems with computer-based self-monitoring and planning capabilities have been demonstrated. While the principal contribution of these systems is to replace, augment, aid or improve operator performance in underwater tasks, overall system performance still depends on the effectiveness of the combination between the robotic system and the human counterpart. To this end, an \"intelligent\" interface (I^{2}) is proposed as a means to dynamically manage information, allocate tasks, and actively mediate between the operator and the robotic manipulator in a manner that optimizes their joint performance. The potential efficacy of theI^{2}is discussed in relation to specific aspects of remote supervision in underwater manipulation tasks (e.g., effective data portrayal, plan communication, contingency handling, and task monitoring). An example of a link between AI and a mechanical underwater manipulator is shown via a prototype system, Task-Oriented Supervision Command System (TOSC). TOSC is a procedural net-based supervisory planning system that provides interactive programming of manipulation tasks in a high-level command language. A series of experimental studies were performed to evaluate TOSC features on a remotely-controlled six degree-of-freedom anthropomorphic manipulator system with an integrated control and display console. Laboratory evaluation of underwater manipulation and maintenance tasks at various levels of task complexity and manipulation difficulty was conducted. The results showed TOSC to be a highly effective and well accepted aid that both improved performance and reduced errors, especially in complex manipulation tasks under uncertain environmental conditions.","PeriodicalId":137921,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings OCEANS '83","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130601543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Technological Innovations In The Development Of Microparticulate Feeds For Marine Suspension Feeders","authors":"C. Langdon, D. Levine","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1983.1152006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1983.1152006","url":null,"abstract":"Aspects of the design of microparticulate particles for aquatic suspension feeders are discussed in respect to the feeding and digestion physiology of crustacea and bivalves as well as the difficulties in nutrient delivery in the aquatic medium. Nutrients must be retained by the particles while in suspension and yet be readily released in the gut of the animal after ingestion. Thus diffusion of nutrients from particles in suspension must be minimized by either trapping the nutrients in gel matrices or by encapsulation of nutrients within impermeable wall materials. The gel matrix or capsule wall material must be readily broken down by the animal so as to release the trapped dietary components.","PeriodicalId":137921,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings OCEANS '83","volume":"30 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130275589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Developing New Approaches To Formulating Marine Pollution Management Policy","authors":"T. Leschine, R. Quinn","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1983.1152022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1983.1152022","url":null,"abstract":"In technical approaches to policy making, an \"optimal\" policy is sought through balancing of competing objectives, often with the aid of formal models. By contrast, the political process may achieve a balance among competing interests only after protracted adjudicatory conflict, and decision makers may not make explicit use of information which would be considered essential to the technical approaches. This article summarizes recent efforts to develop technical decision aids for marine pollution management. Oil spill risk analysis models and efforts to develop comprehensive multimedium waste management strategies are highlighted. The momentum of recent years, as a result of new legislation and court decisions, lies clearly in the direction of broadening the scope of considerations in decisions about activities with the potential to pollute the marine environment. At the same time, the courts have consistently placed limits on the extent to which the strict balancing approach may substitute for the traditional discretionary judgment of the decision maker.","PeriodicalId":137921,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings OCEANS '83","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127836364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ocean Transportation: Are We Making Progress on the Critical Issues","authors":"J. Wing","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1983.1152161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1983.1152161","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":137921,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings OCEANS '83","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123108196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Safety Features Of Mobile Offshore Drilling Units, An Overview","authors":"M. Praught, P. Snyder","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1983.1152193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1983.1152193","url":null,"abstract":"This paper summarizes safety considerations incorporated into the design of floating offshore drilling units for worldwide service. The overview includes a discussion of safety systems and features, environmental criteria, structural integrity and operational safety, regulatory factors, and industry efforts to improve the safety aspects of working offshore.","PeriodicalId":137921,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings OCEANS '83","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126320891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Introduction To The Session On Artificial Intelligence","authors":"A. Rechnitzer","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1983.1152093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1983.1152093","url":null,"abstract":"As Chairman of this session I have the opportunity to express my enduring convistion regarding the virtues of increasing the amount of research and development in Artificial Intelligence for application to marine systems design. More effective undersea systems are required for search, rescue, recovery, salvage, maintenance and repair, and construction functions. Existing system capabilities have opened the depths to exploration, exploitation and other uses. Operational application of these systems has shown them on occasion to be marginally effective and even totally unsuited for certain tasks. Effort should be focused to create new undersea work capabilities employing Artificial Intelligence.","PeriodicalId":137921,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings OCEANS '83","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121116134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Decade of Ocean Testing of Pressure-Resistant Concrete Structures","authors":"R. Rail","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1983.1152190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1983.1152190","url":null,"abstract":"By means of long-term deep-ocean exposure and laboratory testing, experimental data have been obtained on compressive strength behavior, permeability, and durability of pressure-resistant concrete structural models (concrete spheres 66-inch O.D. by 4-1/8-inch wall thickness) subjected to continuously sustained hydrostatic pressure loading. After 10-1/2 years of ocean exposure at water depths of 1,840 to 5,075 feet, the major findings include: (a) The implosion (failure) strength and stiffness of the concrete spheres and the uniaxial compressive strength of concrete specimens increased during the first 5-1/2 years exposure in the ocean and remained essentially constant during the next 5 years; (b) There has been no evidence of seawater permeating through the walls into the interior of ocean-exposed spheres externally coated with a waterproofing material; uncoated (bare concrete) spheres have a very low rate of water ingress, i.e., a permeability coefficient of about10^{-14}ft/ sec; and (c) Visual inspection and microstructure examination of retrieved specimens have not revealed any significant deterioration of the concrete matrix; no corrosion was visible on steel reinforcing bars which had as little as one inch clear cover. This program has been a decade-long demonstration of the effective use of concrete in the ocean; it has been shown that concrete is a durable, reliable material for pressure-resistant structures for long-term deep-ocean applications.","PeriodicalId":137921,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings OCEANS '83","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125235739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Non-Linear Time Domain Model Of A Free-Fall Oceanographic Vehicle","authors":"D. Calkins","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1983.1152005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1983.1152005","url":null,"abstract":"Free-fall vehicles have gained widespread acceptance as a means by which small scale fluctuations in ocean characteristics such as the temperature and salinity gradients can be accurately profiled. Although these vehicles are used by a large number of programs doing basic and applied research for the Navy, the dynamic characteristics of their free-fall descent are not well understood. This makes the interpretation of some aspects of the recorded data uncertain. Also, there is no framework to guide the preliminary design of new vehicles to optimize their performance. A non-linear time domain anayltical model and an approximately half-scale wind tunnel model have been developed in order to study the vehicle dynamics.","PeriodicalId":137921,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings OCEANS '83","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125636833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Outlook for the Nation's Seaports","authors":"L. Donovan","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1983.1152009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1983.1152009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":137921,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings OCEANS '83","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131170834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}