Proceedings OCEANS '83最新文献

{"title":"Advances In Understanding The Ability Of Marine Communities And Ecosystems To Cope With Pollutants","authors":"D. Boesch","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1983.1152034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1983.1152034","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental management and legislation in the 1970's identified maintenance of the health of marine communities and ecosystems as fundamental goals. Although this led to extensive research, development of techniques and theory concerning the biotic components of ecosystems has lagged behind developments in physics, chemistry and laboratory biology, which consequently drive pollution research. Community and ecosystem research has been handicapped by great natural variability and the practical limitations of field studies. Nonetheless, advances have been made in the synthesis of extensive individual observations in such areas as the effects of organic enrichment on the benthos. Ecosystem experiments such as allowed in microcosms and mesocosms offer hope for enhanced understanding. Major remaining challenges are development of robust models of the response of biotic communities to pollutants and assessment of the consequences of changes in community structure to ecosystem function and human society.","PeriodicalId":137921,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings OCEANS '83","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132566413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety Aspects of a Dry, Subsea Hydrocarbon Production System","authors":"L. Suchy, E. Sjøholm","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1983.1152178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1983.1152178","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the safety aspects associated with maintenance work performed in a dry, one-atmosphere subsea chamber containing oil and gas production equipment. It describes operational hazards related to this concept, hydrocarbon leaks, pressure build-up, requirements and criteria for re-entry, life support and a fire prevention system. The experience gained and the impressive safety record summarize the past twelve years of subsea activity.","PeriodicalId":137921,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings OCEANS '83","volume":"180 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133262772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Waste Disposal in the Marine Environment. 1. Biological Availability of Heavy Metals to Marine Invertebrates","authors":"R. Breteler, J. Neff","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1983.1151973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1983.1151973","url":null,"abstract":"Anthropogenic wastes such as fly ash, drilling muds, dredged materials and sewage sludge often contain significant amounts of trace metals. Disposal of these materials in coastal or marine waters may result in metal contamination of bottom sediments. There exists considerable uncertainty about the ultimate availability of these metals to the marine fauna, either through direct uptake of desorbed trace elements by deposit-feeding and suspension-feeding benthic invertebrates, or through food-web biomagnification processes. The relative importance of these different pathways of metal transfer is still poorly understood. Field investigations augmented by laboratory studies have shown that the rate and degree of metal contamination by marine organisms is controlled by a number of interacting factors. Predictions of metal concentrations in marine organisms exposed to metal contaminated sediments are therefore difficult to make. This paper is a summary of results from recent field investigations and laboratory studies and will focus on the relative bioavailability of particulate-bound metals from a variety of man-induced sources. The relative importance of sediment organic content, grain size, salinity, redox potential, pH and level of contamination of the sediment will be discussed with respect to the availability of toxic metals to various marine organisms and in relation to recent investigations conducted by the authors.","PeriodicalId":137921,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings OCEANS '83","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130108837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Brief Introduction To Artificial Intelligence","authors":"C. Williams","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1983.1152096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1983.1152096","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial Intelligence (A.I.) is a multidisciplinary field whose goal is to automate activities that presently require human intelligence. Recent successes in A.I. include computerized medical diagnosticians and systems that automatically customize hardware to particular user requirements. The major problem areas addressed in A.I. can be summarized as Perception, Manipulation, Reasoning, Communication, and Learning. Perception is concerned with building models of the physical world from sensory input (visual, audio, etc.). Manipulation is concerned with articulating appendages (e.g., mechanical arms, locomotion devices) in order to effect a desired state in the physical world. Reasoning is concerned with higher level cognitive functions such as planning, drawing inferential conclusions from a world model, diagnosing, designing, etc. Communication treats the problem understanding and conveying information through the use of language. Finally, Learning treats the problem of automatically improving system performance over time based on the system's experience. Many important technical concepts have arisen from A.I. that unify these diverse problem areas and that form the foundation of the scientific discipline. Generally, A.I. systems function based on a Knowledge Base of facts and rules that characterize the system's domain of proficiency. The elements of a Knowledge Base consist of independently valid (or at least plausible) chunks of information. The system must automatically organize and utilize this information to solve the specific problems that it encounters. This organization process can be generally characterized as a Search directed toward specific goals. The search is made complex because of the need to determine the relevance of information and because of the frequent occurence of uncertain and ambiguous data. Heuristics provide the A.I. system with a mechanism for focusing its attention and controlling its searching processes. The necessarily adaptive organization of A.I. systems yields the requirement for A.I. computational Architectures. All knowledge utilized by the system must be represented within such an architecture. The acquisition and encoding of real-world knowledge into A.I. architecture comprises the subfield of Knowledge Engineering.","PeriodicalId":137921,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings OCEANS '83","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130159564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Air-Launched Expendable Conductivity and Temperature Profiler (AXCTP)","authors":"G. Kai, T. Hara, T. Emura","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1983.1152125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1983.1152125","url":null,"abstract":"An air-launched expendable conductivity and water temperature profiler has been developed which is fitted with a newly-developed small-sized electrostatic pick-up as a conductivity sensor and a disk thermister. The design objectives of this profiler is to develop a light-weighed, small-sized, air-launched profiler which is equipped with medium-precision and quick response, and also which can probe conductivity and water temperature up to a depth of 2,000 meters. The profiling system consists of three major parts. They are a sensor probe, a surface assembly and an airborne data acquisition set. This type of profilers has been tested in the open sea by the aid of a ship and an aircraft since two years ago. This paper presents a brief description of the hardware system, sensors and probe performance and the results of the open sea tests to illustrate the system capability.","PeriodicalId":137921,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings OCEANS '83","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130193344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Canada's National Oceanographic Data Services In The 1980's","authors":"H. Jones","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1983.1152065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1983.1152065","url":null,"abstract":"Canada's Marine Environmental Data Service (MEDS), located in Ottawa, is the national center far oceanographic data services. It was established in 1973, consolidating several related data services. MEDS has completed its first decade of operation this year. A brief summary of the first decade's achievements will be given. Its second decade likely will be a period of rapid evolution. Looking ahead through the 1980's, the probable effect of rapidly advancing microprocessor technology on the scope of MEDS operations, the kinds and quantities of data to be archived, and the provision of user services is described. Telecommunications, data base technology, and networks implemented on microcomputers will be specifically considered.","PeriodicalId":137921,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings OCEANS '83","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131353373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Satellite Remote Sensing and Ocean Physics","authors":"C. Mooers","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1983.1152051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1983.1152051","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":137921,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings OCEANS '83","volume":"590 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134370305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of an Iceworthy Workboat for Alaskan Waters","authors":"P. Noble, G. Morley, P. Zahn, A. Seligman","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1983.1151967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1983.1151967","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing offshore oil exploration in Alaskan waters has created the need for a workboat, which is designed to meet the special demands of that service, in addition to the normal operational reqiurements of such vessels. This paper discusses the background to ice-worthy supply vessels and describes a particular design created to fullfill the operational requirements for Alaskan offshore service.","PeriodicalId":137921,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings OCEANS '83","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133802723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The NAVY's Long-Range Deep Ocean Technology Planning","authors":"J. Freund","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1983.1152163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1983.1152163","url":null,"abstract":"As the result of various Navy studies which voiced concern with possible technological deficiencies in the field of deep ocean technology, a working group was formed of various Navy experts to develop a plan of action. The group's findings and recommendations were submitted to a panel of the Marine Board of the National Research Council for comment and advice. Specific technical objectives are now being prepared which will provide the basis for future planning efforts by both the Navy and industry.","PeriodicalId":137921,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings OCEANS '83","volume":"158 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132825366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ocean Current Profiling With A Shipboard Doppler Acoustic Backscatter System","authors":"D. Bitterman, D. Wilson","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1983.1152131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1983.1152131","url":null,"abstract":"An acoustic Doppler backscatter current profiler and associated data logging equipment were recently installed aboard the NOAA research vessel RESEARCHER. The system transmits 115 KHz acoustic pulses from a hull mounted three beam transducer and measures the doppler frequency shift of the backscattered signal as the pulses propagate down through the water column. The motion of the water is then computed from the Doppler frequency shifts to yield a profile of the relative currents beneath the ship. The system has been operated extensively in the Straits of Florida and the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean in conjunction with other current profiling instruments.Maximum effective depth penetration of the acoustic profiler was approximately 250 meters and good agreement was obtained with the other profilers over this depth range. Although the conversion from ship-referenced to absolute current profiles is hampered due to the lack of reliable, continuous navigation coverage over wide areas of the ocean, the data to date has proven to be scientifically interesting and useful. The referencing problem should be alleviated in the future with the implementation of newer satellite navigation systems.","PeriodicalId":137921,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings OCEANS '83","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132844031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}