海洋环境中的废物处理。重金属对海洋无脊椎动物的生物有效性

R. Breteler, J. Neff
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引用次数: 0

摘要

人为废物,如飞灰、钻井泥浆、疏浚材料和污水污泥,往往含有大量的微量金属。在沿海或海水中处置这些材料可能会导致底部沉积物的金属污染。这些金属对海洋动物的最终可用性存在相当大的不确定性,要么是通过沉积摄食和悬浮摄食底栖无脊椎动物直接吸收解吸的微量元素,要么是通过食物网的生物放大过程。这些不同的金属转移途径的相对重要性仍然知之甚少。实地调查加上实验室研究表明,海洋生物对金属污染的速度和程度由若干相互作用的因素控制。因此,很难预测暴露于金属污染沉积物中的海洋生物体内的金属浓度。本文总结了最近的实地调查和实验室研究的结果,并将重点放在各种人为来源的颗粒结合金属的相对生物利用度上。沉积物有机含量、粒度、盐度、氧化还原电位、pH值和沉积物污染水平的相对重要性将与各种海洋生物的有毒金属的可用性以及作者最近进行的调查有关。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Waste Disposal in the Marine Environment. 1. Biological Availability of Heavy Metals to Marine Invertebrates
Anthropogenic wastes such as fly ash, drilling muds, dredged materials and sewage sludge often contain significant amounts of trace metals. Disposal of these materials in coastal or marine waters may result in metal contamination of bottom sediments. There exists considerable uncertainty about the ultimate availability of these metals to the marine fauna, either through direct uptake of desorbed trace elements by deposit-feeding and suspension-feeding benthic invertebrates, or through food-web biomagnification processes. The relative importance of these different pathways of metal transfer is still poorly understood. Field investigations augmented by laboratory studies have shown that the rate and degree of metal contamination by marine organisms is controlled by a number of interacting factors. Predictions of metal concentrations in marine organisms exposed to metal contaminated sediments are therefore difficult to make. This paper is a summary of results from recent field investigations and laboratory studies and will focus on the relative bioavailability of particulate-bound metals from a variety of man-induced sources. The relative importance of sediment organic content, grain size, salinity, redox potential, pH and level of contamination of the sediment will be discussed with respect to the availability of toxic metals to various marine organisms and in relation to recent investigations conducted by the authors.
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