Advances in Life Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"The Effect of Different Fertilizer on Aphids Populations","authors":"Tufail Ahmed Waga","doi":"10.7176/alst/77-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/alst/77-01","url":null,"abstract":"Hordeum vulgare is one of the most important cereal crop plants and severe attacked by aphid. Present study was designed to evaluate the effect of different fertilizers and their combination on aphid infestation in barley. Three different fertilizer i. e. urea, DAP, and urea+DAP were applied to three different barley fields after 25 days of germinations. Data was recorded after every 10 days. Results showed that lowest pest population was recorded in urea+DAP field. DOI : 10.7176/ALST/77-01 Publication date: January 31 st 2020","PeriodicalId":137891,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Science and Technology","volume":"354 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122796565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multilevel Analysis of Factors Associated with Stunting Among Under five Children in Ethiopia","authors":"H. Hassen","doi":"10.7176/fsqm/89-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/fsqm/89-01","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Stunting is a major health problem in children under-five years in many low and middle income countries around the world. This study was aimed to identify factors associated with stunting among under five age children in Ethiopia. Methods: Cross-sectional data from Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey was used for the analysis. The statistical models that suit the hierarchical data such as variance components model, random intercept model, and random coefficients model were used to analyze the data. Results: This study revealed that among the under-five children considered in the study around 37.1% children was stunted. Age of children, region, place of residence, wealth index, mothers BMI, incidence of diarrhea in the last two weeks before survey and mother and husband/partner educational level were found to be significant predictors for stunting. Conclusions: Multilevel logistic regression shows that there is heterogeneity or cross-regional variation in stunting. Further this model implies that there exist considerable differences in stunting among regions and a model with a random coefficient is more appropriate to explain the regional variation than a model with fixed coefficients or empty model with random effects. Keywords: Multilevel model, under five children; Stunting DOI : 10.7176/FSQM/89-01 Publication date : August 31st 2019","PeriodicalId":137891,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Science and Technology","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121240047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why Colobus Monkeys (Colobus guereza) are Attracted to Human Settlements, and Urinate When They Come Across Humans in Their Territory and in Predator Dominant Places? Observation from Bale Mountains National Park, in Ethiopia","authors":"Israel Petros Menbere","doi":"10.7176/alst/75-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/alst/75-02","url":null,"abstract":"Colobus guereza is among the native African primates characterized by a having mainly black, short-haired tails with a small amount of white at the tip. The current study was made on groups of C. guereza found in Bale Mountains National Park, in the east of Rift Valley in Ethiopia. It is commonly called Colobus guereza gallarum though the taxonomy of this group has not been well-resolved. The aim of this paper was to identify the reasons for high abundance of the species in human settlements and related behavioural responses to human appearance in their territory following the recent observation made in Bale Mountains National Park. These issues were addressed through exploration of similar studies in different organisms including primates and referring various journals. The study indicated the high abundance of the species in human settlement has been associated with the need of protection from predators as interactions with humans can buffer non-human primates against the negative impact of environmental factors. Similarly, the urination of C. guereza was found to be anti-predator strategy, which has been demonstrated in combination with alarm calls, running back and forth, etc in other primates. The close attraction of C. guereza to human settlements can affect their existence either positively or negatively. Those unable to adapt to altered habitats will be forced into marginal habitat patches. While those that adapt, are able to live with the changing ecology and survive in agricultural systems often come into direct competition with humans. Similarly, the greater human-primate contact can increase pathogen transmission. Urination which was observed in C. guereza plays key roles in animal territorial defense and in prey-predator interaction. This overlooked behavioural aspect of primates is crucial in conservation of species. Keywords : Attract, Colobus guereza , human settlements, territory, urination. DOI : 10.7176/ALST/75-02 Publication date :June 30 th 2019","PeriodicalId":137891,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Science and Technology","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129728712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Color Sticky Cards for Monitoring Aphid Population on Okra Crop","authors":"T. A. Wagan","doi":"10.7176/alst/74-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/alst/74-02","url":null,"abstract":"Okra is the most familiar and widely known for its edible fruits. Several sucking and chewing insect species infest okra crop in the field. The field study was conducted to determine the attraction of four different colored traps to aphids in okra field. It is hoped that the information from this study will be able to help in the monitoring and management of these pests, as well as enhance integrated pest management programs in Pakistan and other countries with similar ecological conditions. The okra seeds were sown on both sides of well-prepared ridges. Red, blue, green and white colored sheets of sticky paper placed in the field with the help of bamboo stakes. The aphids were counted on sticky cards after 24 hours of their application. Aphid population appeared on okra from first week of observation and remained until last observation. Red colored attract maximum number of aphids, followed by green, white and blue. Plant vegetative and reproductive growth increased regularly with increase of crop age. DOI : 10.7176/ALST/74-02 Publication date :May 31 st 2019","PeriodicalId":137891,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Science and Technology","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132279583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Rumex nervosus and Clematis simensis Plants Against Some Bacterial Human Pathogens","authors":"H. Tedila, A. Assefa","doi":"10.5897/AJMR2018.9017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMR2018.9017","url":null,"abstract":"Due to quick growth of resistance and high cost of new generation antibiotics, lots of efforts were made to discover new antimicrobial agents from various sources. So, current study was assessed antibacterial activity of ethanol, methanol, acetone, diethyl ether and hexane leave extracts of Rumex nervosus and Clematis simensis by used paper disc diffusion and broth dilution procedures against six human pathogenic bacterial strains. The pathogenic bacteria were Shigella dysenteriae, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella Typhi and Klebsiella pneumoniae were susceptible to ethanol, methanol and acetone extracts of the leaves of R. nervosus followed by C. simensis, but hexane extract didn’t displayed any activity. The extreme inhibition zone of 16.3±0.57 mm was detected against E. coli by ethanol extract of R. nervosus and MIC of 3.125 mg/ml against E. coli and S. dysenteriae by methanol extract. The methanol extract of C. simensis formed a marked inhibition of 13.1±0.37 mm against E. coli and ethanol extract of C. simensis displayed activity against S. dysenteriae 14.4±0.45 mm and MIC of 6.25 mg/ml against S. Typhi. Four dissimilar antibiotics like ciprofloxin, tetracyclin, kanamycin and chloramphenicol were used as standard for tested antibacterial activity against six different human pathogens. The activities were recognized the presence of some secondary metabolites existed in the tested floras which have related with antibacterial activities. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Antibacterial activity, Clematis simensis, Human pathogens, Rumex nervosus.","PeriodicalId":137891,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Science and Technology","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130900114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review on Salmonella Species Isolated from Human Blood and Its Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern","authors":"H. Tedila","doi":"10.7176/alst/70-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/alst/70-05","url":null,"abstract":"Salmonellosis continues to be a major public health problem worldwide. It also contributes to negative economic impacts due to the cost of surveillance investigation, treatment and prevention of illness. As such, research on Salmonella has gained great interest and concern from scientists. The purpose of this review is to discuss the classification and nomenclature, characteristic, clinical manifestation, epidemiology, transmission vehicles, antibiotic susceptibility, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Treatment. Keywords: Antibiotic susceptibility, Clinical manifestation , Epidemiology, Salmonella , Transmission. DOI : 10.7176/ALST/70-05","PeriodicalId":137891,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Science and Technology","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121313049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Effects of Intra and Inter Row Spacing on the Growth and Yield of Ground Nut (Arachis Hypogaea L.) at Haro Sabu, Western Ethiopia","authors":"Teshome Gutu","doi":"10.7176/alst/70-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/alst/70-04","url":null,"abstract":"Ground nut (hypogaea L.) is one of most important food crop grown in Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. However, its productivity is very low due to inappropriate intra and inter spacing practice. Thus,the study was conducted in 2016 and 2017 during the main cropping season at Haro Sabu Agricultural Research Center and Kombo subsite of Kelem Wollega zone of Western Ethiopia to identify the effects of different spacing on growth parameters, yield and yield components of ground nut varieties. The experiment was laid out in Randomized complete Block design with three replications in factorial arrangement. The experiments was consist of two factors. Nine levels of spacing were 50cmx5cm, 50cmx10cm, 50cmx15cm, 60cmx5cm, 60cmx10cm, 60cmx15cm 75cmx5cm, 75cm x10cm, 75cm x15cm and two varieties (Manipinter and Sartu). The highest total number of pods per plant (21.36) was obtained from variety manipinter. Regarding to spacing, the highest number of pods per plant (25.00) was obtained from 75cmx10cm and followed by 75cmx15cm(22.45) . The highest hundred seed (66.85g) weight and grain yield (2105 kg ha -1 ) was recorded from manipinter variety. Regarding to spacing, the highest grain yield (2474 and 2433 kg ha -1 ) was obtained from 50cmx5cm and 60cm x5cm respectively. The highest net benefit (50269.00 and 50245.00 ETB ha -1 ) was recorded from 50cmx5cm and 60cmx5cm spacing respectively. However the highest marginal rate return (288.46%) was recorded from spacing 60cm x 5cm followed by 50cm x 5cm (2.66%). Therefor spacing of 50cmx5cm and 60cmx5cm was optimum plant population density for production of ground nut in Kelem Wollega zone of western Ethiopia. Keywords : Arachis hypogaea L., grin yield, interaction effect, spacing DOI : 10.7176/ALST/70-04","PeriodicalId":137891,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Science and Technology","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127228119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Species Composition and Relative Abundance of Birds at Nansebo Forest, Southern Ethiopia","authors":"Ziyad Jemal Husein","doi":"10.7176/alst/70-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/alst/70-01","url":null,"abstract":"Birds are one of the components of biodiversity. Avian community studies are effective tools for monitoring a forest ecosystem. The status of birds in the present study areas is very little known. Therefore, the objective of the study was to assess species composition and relative abundance of birds at Nansebo forest in southern Ethiopia. To this end, a stratified random sampling technique was employed. Accordingly, to collect data for the study, the whole habitat of the study area was divided into dominant vegetation types. Accordingly, Moist Afromontane forest and modified habitat were identified in Nansebo forest. A line transects count aided by binocular was employed to investigate avian species diversity and relative abundance. Accordingly, 20 transect lines of 1km with a width of 0.25km or less was used to cover 27.75% of the area in Nansebo forest. Quantitative Biodiversity indices such as H’,E ,γ and α to measure species richness were used to calculate the bird species diversity and two way- ANOVA was used to test for significant variation in species richness and abundance per season among habitats. A total of 105 bird species consisting of 1endemic, 8 near endemics, 1 globally threatened and 9 Palearctic migrants were recorded in Nansebo forest. Species richness and abundance varied between the three habitats in Nansebo forest. There was significant difference in species richness among habitats in Nansebo forest (F1, 18=94.657 P=0.000) at 0.001 significance level. In Nansebo forest the highest Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H’ = 4.17) was recorded from the modified habitat. It can be concluded that the area has high species diversity including endemics and endangered species. It can also be good potential for bird watching tourism that can integrate economic gain with biodiversity conservation. Hence, urgent conservation measures and further detail research is recommended to conserve the bird species. Keywords/Phrases : Avian species, Habitat types, Species richness, Species similarity DOI : 10.7176/ALST/73-01 Publication date : April 30 th 2019","PeriodicalId":137891,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Science and Technology","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130700360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review on the Major Challenges and Difficulties of Farm Animal Cloning","authors":"T. Tadesse","doi":"10.14196/sjz.v7i1.2476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/sjz.v7i1.2476","url":null,"abstract":"Developments in biotechnologywould provide many new opportunities for livestock agriculture, human medicine, and animal conservation. Nuclear cloning involves the production of animals that are genetically identical to the donor cells used in a technique known as nuclear transfer. However, at present it is an inefficient process in farm animal and small number of the embryos transferred to the reproductive tracts of recipient mother result in healthy, long-term surviving clones. Recent cloning research also reveals high failure rates, premature deaths, and dysfunctioning of internal organs.Food products from healthy clones, i.e. meat or milk, did not differ from products from healthy conventionally bred animals.  Even though the food products of cloned animals showed no differences with conventional offspring or products,throughout the world there is significant public opposition to the introduction of meat and milk from cloned animals and their progeny into the food supply. Cloning also threatens the welfare of surrogate mothers, the underlying health of the animals and the next generation, the consequential effect on food safety are critical aspects that require investigation to gain regulatory and consumer acceptance.Data on clones of farmed species for food production other than cattle and pigs have remained limited and do not allow for assessment of food safety or animal health and welfare aspects. Keywords: Biotechnology, Cloning, Food safety, Nuclear transfer, Trans generational effects,","PeriodicalId":137891,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Science and Technology","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127296625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of HIV Infection in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Suspects; Assessing the Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nigeria","authors":"Okonkwo Robert Chuks, Anyabolu Ae, I. Martin, O. KaluStephen, C. OnwunzoMaria, Chukwuka Chiamaka","doi":"10.4172/1948-5964-C1-036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1948-5964-C1-036","url":null,"abstract":"After decades of decline, TB made a dramatic comeback, a situation largely fuelled by the emergence of the HIV pandemic, amongst other factors, including overcrowding, poverty and weak health care system. HIV/TB co-infection, presently poses serious public health challenges especially in the African region, including Nigeria. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of HIV amongst PTB suspects in Nnewi, Nigeria. A total of 1544 pulmonary TB suspects assessing the Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi who were screened for TB using  Ziehl Neelsen Sputum smear microscopy were also subjected to HIV counseling and testing (HCT). Of the 1544 PTB suspects 184 (11.9%) reacted to HIV antibodies with a higher frequency in the females (13.3%) than the males (10.4%). Total of 237 (15.4%) of the 1544 suspects had pulmonary TB infection with the prevalence being higher in the males (19.9%) than in the females (11.2%). A total of 22 (1.42%) were HIV/TB co-infected, with the males (1.6%) having a slightly higher frequency than the females (1.2%). The age distributions showed that the age groups of 31-40 and 41-50 years had the highest frequencies for HIV and TB infections in this study. The infection rate was lower among participants below 20 and above 60 years of age. More accurate method of detecting TB may be applied in future work to help understand the real burden of TB amongst HIV patients. Keywords: HIV and Pulmonary Tuberculosis","PeriodicalId":137891,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Science and Technology","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127687290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}