Advances in Life Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Subtotal Esophagectomy-Akiyama Procedure： In a Case with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma","authors":"H. Kolani, Islam Mamica, Eriol Braholli, E. Çeliku","doi":"10.7176/alst/79-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/alst/79-05","url":null,"abstract":"Adenocarcinoma, typically in the distal third of the esophagus, and squamous cell carcinoma, typically in the proximal two thirds of the esophagus, each make up 49% of cases of esophageal cancer. The remaining cancers in this area include sarcoma (1%), lymphoma (0.5%), cylindroma (0.25%), and primary melanoma (0.25%). Case report We present patient S.G. 62 years old, male, with the following symptoms started 3 months from hospital admission: difficult swalloing mostly for the hard foods and eventually for the liquids too, chest burning, cough and vomiting, throat pain, weight loss. In the laboratory findings only a mild anemia was found, Hemoglobine 10.8 g/dl, and slightly high values of CRP. Patient was hospitalized in the First Clinic of General Surgery, University Hospital Center “Mother Teresa” Tirana, Albania and underwent an upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy and 28 cm form the incisive teeth and esophageal narrowing was detected which could not allow the scope to go lower for further examination. Biopsy was taken through endoscopy. Patient was planned for a CT scan and tumor markers, CEA and CA 19-9, both later ones came in normal values. CT scan showed an irregular, asymmetric narrowing of the thoracic esophagus, thickening of the esophagus walls with 4 cm of extension without invasion of local periesophageal fat and regional lymphadenopathy. The biopsy resulted; esophageal squamous cell carcinoma G2. In these circumstances patient underwent a feeding jejunostomy and was sent to follow the protocol of neoadjuvant chemo and radiotherapy. Three months later the patient is returned in our clinic, where he underwent the surgical intervention. Postoperatively the patient was treated in the Intensive Care Unit. The next day after the operation, cervical drains were removed and in the fourth postoperative day the thoracic and abdominal drains were also removed. Patient comes in the surgery ward in the fifth postoperative day where is treated afterwards with an excellent postoperative course. In the tenth postoperative day the anastomosis integrity is verified by x-ray swallowing contrast gastrografin, and the next day he was discharged from the hospital. Keywords: Esophageal, squamous cell carcinoma, subtotal esophagectomy DOI: 10.7176/ALST/79-05 Publication date: March 31 st 2020","PeriodicalId":137891,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Science and Technology","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121100101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Structure and Hormone Expression of Male Accessory Reproductive Glands of the Sunda Porcupine (Hystrix Javanica)","authors":"T. Budipitojo, Synthia Regita Noor Mahesty, Irma Padeta, Linda Miftakhul Khasanah","doi":"10.7176/alst/78-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/alst/78-04","url":null,"abstract":"This research was to investigate the histological structure of male accessory reproductive glands of the Sunda porcupine and verify the presence of testosterone and Androgen Binding Protein (ABP) with immunolocalization. The research used three accessory reproductive gland samples of male Sunda porcupine. Tissues were processed using paraffin method and stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin and Immunohistochemistry methods. The histological structure and distribution of testosterone and ABP were analyzed descriptively. This research showed that male accessory reproductive glands of the Sunda porcupine are seminal vesicle, prostate, and bulbourethral glands. The seminal vesicle was lined by simple columnar epithelium, prostate was lined by simple columnar epithelium or simple cuboidal epithelium, and bulbourethral gland was lined by simple cuboidal epithelium. The presence of testosterone was found in adenomere cells of seminal vesicle and prostate glands; and in interstitial tissue of bulbourethral gland. The presence of ABP was detected in the adenomere cells of the bulbourethral gland. The male accessory reproductive glands of Sunda porcupine has been identified which consist of seminal vesicle, prostate, and bulbourethral glands. The immunolocalization of testosterone was found in adenomere cells of seminal vesicle and prostate glands, and ABP was detected in bulbourethral gland. Keywords: Androgen binding protein, Bulbourethral, Hystrix javanica , Prostate, Seminal vesicle, Testosterone DOI : 10.7176/ALST/78-04 Publication date: February 29 th 2020","PeriodicalId":137891,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Science and Technology","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127025764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Response of Teff [Eragrostis teff (Zucc) Trotter] to Nitrogen Fertilizer Application and Row Spacing: A Review","authors":"Tamirat Wato","doi":"10.7176/alst/78-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/alst/78-02","url":null,"abstract":"Teff [ Eragrostis tef (Zucc) Trotter] is one of the most important crops in Ethiopia. It ranks the first among cereals in the country in area coverage and second in the production volume. Despite its importance, the production and productivity of this particular crop are highly constrained by several biotic and abiotic factors. Some of the factors contributing to the low yield of teff are low soil fertility and suboptimal use of mineral fertilizers in addition to weeds, old method of seed sowing, erratic rainfall distribution in lower altitudes, method of row planting, lack of high yielding cultivars, lodging, water-logging and late planting of the crop which exposes it to moisture stress. The productivity of teff is very low compared to other major cereal crops. On the other hand, under conditions where most growth requirements are available and inorganic matter rich soils, the application of fertilizers without knowing its fertility status causes yield and fertilizer losses. Likewise, producers do not give attention to teff row spacing, even if it has an advantage of shorter maturity days, highest plant height, highest panicle length, and the number of tillers and less lodging index percentages. Since, grain yield increased with the increase of plant height, panicle length and number of tillers per plant. Therefore, the optimum supply of nitrogen fertilizer and medium row spacing increased the grain yield of crops. Keywords: teff; inter-row spacing; and grain yield DOI : 10.7176/ALST/78-02 Publication date: February 29 th 2020","PeriodicalId":137891,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Science and Technology","volume":"163 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116421415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mobile Genetic Elements and Natural Gene Transfer in Rumen Microbial Ecosystem","authors":"Haben Fesseha","doi":"10.7176/alst/78-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/alst/78-03","url":null,"abstract":"As technology is going be modern different changes that occur in the nature become studied. Rumen microbes especially rumen bacteria play a vital role in utilization of ruminants feed. Without rumen microbe’s rumen can’t function correctly. So, when we feed our animals, we are also feeding rumen microbes which convert the plant fiber to VFA which used by ruminants as an energy source for maintenance and production. Through the process these microbes change in their genetic structure and function because of natural gene transfer which is mediated by movable genetic elements like bacteriophage, plasmid, transposons and other segments. In this review prokaryotes which include bacteria and archae have got large cover than eukaryotes because most significant changes in rumen are carried by those organisms. HGT is the way to perform this function because it enables bacteria to respond and adapt to their environment much more rapidly by acquiring large DNA sequence from other bacterium in a single transfer and mechanisms of bacterial gene transfer include transformation, transduction and conjugation.  So this event has an impact on the microbe themselves, for the rumen ecosystem, the animal and the environment where these changes are related. These changes include antibiotic resistance, better conversion of feeds and effects in methane and ammonia production. Keywords: Horizontal Gene Transfer, Prokaryotes, Rumen. Rumen Microbes DOI : 10.7176/ALST/78-03 Publication date: February 29 th 2020","PeriodicalId":137891,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Science and Technology","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126614156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review on Beef Cattle Pre-slaughter Stress and Its Effect on Meat and Carcass Quality","authors":"A. Birhanu","doi":"10.7176/alst/78-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/alst/78-01","url":null,"abstract":"Pre-slaughter stress includes all the conditions and practices that apply during the period when the animal is moved from source or market to entry into the stunning box at the abattoir. Cattle can be stressed during transportation, marketing and handling at abattoirs. During such condition physiological changes (increased heart rate, respiratory rate, body temperature, activity of enzymes, stress hormones (cachecholamine, cortisol) and glycolysis)  has been occur which used to measure stress before cattle slaughter. Such changes affect the meat quality by depleting muscle glycogen which result in lower rate of post-mortem lactic acid synthesis, high ultimate pH, tough meat, abnormal muscle color and high water retention capacity. Keywords : pre-slaughter stress, quality, meat, carcass, and physiological. DOI : 10.7176/ALST/78-01 Publication date: February 29 th 2020","PeriodicalId":137891,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Science and Technology","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130124908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepato Cellular Carcinoma: Case Report","authors":"H. Kolani, Islam Mamica, Manser Cili, L. Berdica, E. Celiku","doi":"10.7176/alst/78-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/alst/78-06","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatoma is a tumoral disease that consists in an abnormal proliferation of the hepatic cells. According to the augmentation of the risks factors such as smoking, alcohol abuse, consuming no healthy food and different types of viral and bacterial infections. Nowadays, this disease is becoming more evident even in the young ages. Here, we present a 63 old female with this disease. Keywords: Hetapoma, tumoral, disease DOI : 10.7176/ALST/78-06 Publication date: March 1 st 2020","PeriodicalId":137891,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Science and Technology","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128651495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review on Phytochemical Medicinal Plants Against Pathogenic Bacteria in South East Ethiopia","authors":"Bizuayehu Zinaye","doi":"10.7176/alst/78-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/alst/78-05","url":null,"abstract":"This review stated that plants are valuable sources for new compounds and should receive special attention in research strategies to develop new antimicrobials urgently required in the near future. The importance of medicinal plants and traditional health systems in solving the health care problems of the world is gaining increasing attention. Because of this resurgence of interest, the research on plants of medicinal importance is growing phenomenally at the international level, often to the detriment of natural habitats and protects populations in the countries of origin. In Ethiopia since many years the peoples are using plants as the medicine. The plant contains various phytochemical, which would act on the pathogenic microorganism and hinder their growth. The scanty of review are available on antibacterial activity of medicinal plants in Ethiopia, but still we need to explore many antimicrobial compounds from plants. These kinds of the review are baseline information for the development of new drugs, which is bench mark in science. Commercially many synthetic drugs are available in market, but microorganisms are resistant to many antibiotics. So research should need to develop new synthetic compound from the plant source. Keywords: - medicinal plants, new compounds, phytochemical, traditional health DOI : 10.7176/ALST/78-05 Publication date: February 29 th 2020","PeriodicalId":137891,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Science and Technology","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128927059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Extraction Solvents on Antioxidant and α-amylase Inhibition Activities of Spiced Green Chili Paste: An In Vitro Study","authors":"Engeda Dessalegn","doi":"10.7176/alst/77-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/alst/77-02","url":null,"abstract":"Chili pepper ( Capsicum frutescens L.) is widely produced and consumed as raw or processed products. Spiced green chili paste, locally known as Datta, is hot spicy paste consumed in South Ethiopia. Under this study, total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), in vitro antioxidant, and α-amylase inhibition activities of different extracts of green Datta paste were investigated. The TPC and TFC of the extracts were determined by the Folin ciocalteu and aluminum chloride methods, respectively. The antioxidant activities were determined by 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, ferric reducing power, and total antioxidant using phosphomolybdenum methods. In vitro porcine pancreatic α-amylase inhibition activity was evaluated using the dinitrosalicylic acid (DNSA) assay. The acetone extract contained the highest TPC (24.92 ± 2.88 milligram gallic acid equivalent/ gram of dried extract) and TFC (28.05 ± 8.36 milligram catechin equivalent/gram of dried extract). Similarly this extract showed stronger antioxidant capacity, 6.34 ± 1.21 milligram of ascorbic acid equivalent/gram of dried extract, 1.46 ± 0.22 milligram butylated hydroxytoluene equivalent/ gram of dried extract, and 46.99 ± 2.60 mg/mL as determined by ferric reducing power, total antioxidant activity, and DPPH scavenging (IC 50 ) activity, respectively. The same extract also exhibited the strongest α-amylase inhibition activity (IC 50 = 0.45 mg/mL). TPC and TFC were strongly correlated with DPPH (R 2 = 0.99, R 2 = 0.91), reducing power (R 2 = 0.86, R 2 = 0.97), and total antioxidant activity (R 2 = 0.79, R 2 = 0.97), respectively. The α-amylase inhibition activity was strongly correlated with TPC (R 2 = 0.90) but weakly correlated with TFC (R 2 = 0.18). Thus the result indicated promising perspectives for the development and usage of acetone extract of Ethiopian spiced green chili pepper with considerable levels of natural antioxidants which can be used as functional food for preventing oxidative stress mediated human disorders. Keywords: A ntioxidant, chili pastes Datta, α-amylase, Phenolic content. DOI : 10.7176/ALST/77-02 Publication date: January 31 st 2020","PeriodicalId":137891,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Science and Technology","volume":"185 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114344640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Woody Species Composition and Tree Species with Highest Carbon Stock Potential in Kubayo Forest, Bale Zone, Southeastern Ethiopia","authors":"D. Tola","doi":"10.7176/alst/77-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/alst/77-05","url":null,"abstract":"Back Ground: Climate change, mainly caused by global warming, is the most pressing environmental problem of the world today and it is a phenomenon partly resulting from abundance of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The problem of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide can be addressed in a number of ways. One of such actions is forestry development and forest management undertakings that can contribute to climate change mitigation. Objective: Assessment of Woody Species Composition and Tree Species With highest Carbon Stock Potential in Kubayo Forest of Bale Zone was carried out in 2018. This study was conducted in Kubayo Forest, with the objectives of identifying the composition of woody plant species and identifying tree species with highest carbon stock potential in the area. Methodology: Data were collected from the field by measuring plants with a DBH of ≥ 5 cm and the carbon stocks of each plant was analyzed. Aboveground biomass was estimated by using allometric models. A systematic sampling method was used to conduct the woody species sampling. In order to collect woody species data, a total of 63 quadrats, each with the size of 20 m x 20 m at an interval of 100 m were laid along the established transects at 200 m apart. The result was analyzed by SPSS software, version 20. Result: The findings of the study revealed that, Juniperus procera was the most dominant and Ficus sycomorus was the least dominant one. Juniperus procera store the highest average carbon 39.76 ton/ha and the lowest carbon was recorded from Dodonaea viscosa 0.30 ton/ha among 24 tree species studied. The maximum and minimum above ground carbon stock potential of Kubayo forest was 172.53 and 81.03 ton/ha respectively. The mean above ground carbon stock of the study area was 141.06 ton/ha. The maximum and minimum AG carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) sequestration of the study site was 633.18 and 297.40 ton/ha respectively. The mean above ground carbon dioxide sequestration of the study area was 517.68 ton/ha. Recommendation: As a recommendation, regional and federal administrations should have to give attention on rising awareness to the local people regarding participatory forest management and sustainable use of natural resources. Keywords: Aboveground carbon stock, Woody species, Kubayo forest, DOI : 10.7176/ALST/77-05 Publication date: January 31 st 2020","PeriodicalId":137891,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Science and Technology","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131763197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Endophytic Fungi Associated with Greavillea Robusta Tree Planted as Urban Green Infrastructure in Hawassa Town: Its Implication to Understand the Current Health Condition of Urban trees","authors":"Getachew Birhanu","doi":"10.7176/alst/77-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/alst/77-04","url":null,"abstract":"Endophytic fungi represent a genetically diverse group of microorganisms associated with healthy tissues of terrestrial plants. They are believed to be mostly beneficial to their host plants and produce novel antimicrobial compounds or may be latent pathogens that become active at specific stage of development or under a set of environmental conditions. The aim of the current study was to assess the diversity of culturable endophytic fungi in the leaf of diseased and healthy looking Grevillea robusta from different streets having different traffic flow. Leaf samples of G.robusta were collected from those trees growing in the road side, parks and home gardens at Hawassa town. Identification of the isolates to the genus level was performed on the basis of cultural characteristics and spore morphology. Accordingly, a total of 387 endophytic fungal isolates were recovered from 192 leaf fragments across five different streets. The highest isolation rate of endophytic fungi was recorded on a street from South Star Hotel to Bus station (IR=3.81) where as the smallest isolation rate was recorded on a street from Bus station to Atote (IR=0.71). The highest relative frequency of endophytic fungi was recorded for Pestalotiopsis spp 2 (RF=25.58%) where as the smallest was recorded was recorded for Unidentified spp 5 (RF=0.51%). Additionally, the highest diversity of endophytic fungi was recorded on the road from South Star Hotel to Bus station (H’=3.01) where as the smallest diversity of endophytic fungi was recorded on a street from Atote to Teachers Teaching College (H’=1.79). Keywords: - Disease, Urban trees, Diversity, Grevillea robusta DOI : 10.7176/ALST/77-04 Publication date: January 31 st 2020","PeriodicalId":137891,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Science and Technology","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125341955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}