Advances in Life Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Isolation, Identification and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of Staphylococcus Aureus from Slaughtered Swine in Bishoftu Town, Ethiopia","authors":"J. Shiferaw","doi":"10.7176/alst/81-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/alst/81-03","url":null,"abstract":"Bacteria’s of the Staphylococcus species are major public health crisis which causes a number of human and animal diseases. A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2017 to May 2018 to determine the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in Bishoftu slaughter house from carcasses and lung swab and antibiotic resistance profiles of the isolates found in the swine. In the present study a total of 150 swine were examined. From which the swab samples were obtained from carcass (n=67) and lung (n=83). Carcass was the most contaminated with S. aureus with a prevalence of 19.4% (13/67) and the prevalence from the lung swab was 15.7% (13/83). Consequently, there was no statistically significant association (P=0.547) observed between carcass and lung swabs. The prevalence of S. aureus was statistically significant difference (P=0.029) between the age of swine. Body conditions has statistically significant association (P=0.037) with the S. aureus . Swine at the age of ≤ 2 years are more susceptible to S. aureus infection. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was also conducted on 9 isolates of S. aureus , using the disc diffusion susceptibility method. In this study, varying level of resistance of S. aureus was recorded against Amoxicillin, Penicillin G, and Ampicillin, and 88.9% to Nitrofurantoin and Sulphamethoxazoletrimethoprim. Based on bacteriological culture result, and classic antimicrobial susceptibility test it is concluded that pork can be source of staphylococcus to human and routine inspections should be conducted. Keywords : Antimicrobial susceptibility tes; C oagulase positive; Ethiopia; Prevalence; Staphylococcus aureu; Swine DOI: 10.7176/ALST/81-03 Publication date: August 31 st 2020","PeriodicalId":137891,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Science and Technology","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133890621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Different Levels of Noug (Guizotia Abyssinica) Seed Cake Supplementation on Growth Performance of Doyogena Sheep Fed Rhodes Grass Hay Basal Diet","authors":"Lielt Dea","doi":"10.7176/alst/81-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/alst/81-01","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of Noug ( Guizotia Abyssinica ) seed cake supplementation on feed intake, digestibility and body weight change of Doyogena sheep fed Rhodes grass hay basal diet. The experimental period was 112 days including 90 days of feeding trial and 15 days of adaptation period. Twenty four lambs were assigned into six groups based on their body weight and randomly assigned to four treatments with replication of six sheep to each treatment. The experimental animals were fed on Rhodes grass hay as a basal diet. The treatments were: T1 (Hay ad libtium+ 200 g Wheat bran), T2 (Hay ad libtium +200 g Wheat bran + 150 g Noug cake), T3 (Hay ad libtium+200 g Wheat bran+175 g Noug cake) and T4 (Hay ad libtium+200 g Wheat bran+200 g Noug cake). Fecal samples were collected for 7 days after 3 days of familiarizing lambs to carry fecal bags. Significant (p< 0.001) differences were observed in total dry matter, organic matter and crude protein intakes among treatments. Intake increased as level of noug seed cake supplementation increased. The dry matter, organic matter, crude protein digestibility and feed conversion efficiency were significantly (p< 0.001) higher with increased level of noug seed cake. Higher (p< 0.001) final body weight and average daily body weight gains were observed in sheep supplemented with highest level of Noug seed cake. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that supplementation of lambs with 200 g of Noug seed cake was potentially feasible and economically beneficial. Key words : Digestibility, Doyogena, Intake, Noug seed cake, Wheat bran, Weight gain DOI: 10.7176/ALST/81-01 Publication date: August 31 st 2020","PeriodicalId":137891,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Science and Technology","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132925618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional Status of Children (Aged 2-5 Years) in Food Secure and Insecure Households in Kuyu Woreda, Oromia, Ethiopia","authors":"","doi":"10.7176/alst/81-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/alst/81-02","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":137891,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Science and Technology","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122999538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Idiopathic atrial flutter AFL in neonates (Case Report)","authors":"S. Kuçi, A. Ibrahimi, Stavri Llazo, E. Bejko, J. Burimi, Esmerilda Bulku","doi":"10.7176/alst/80-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/alst/80-05","url":null,"abstract":"Atrial flutter AFL is a rare arrhythmia in the neonate and early infants. Here we report the case of a term female infant (A.K), with a birth weight of 3000 g, who was delivered by Cesarian section of a 26-year-old primiparous mother (I.K) in “Queen Geraldine” Maternity in Tirana. The APGAR scores were 9 and 10 at 1 st and 5 th minute, respectively. In prenatal history, no fetal arrhythmia was present. After waters breaks, a fetal arrhythmia was detected. Then the infant was delivered by an urgent C section. The infant was treated by medical treatment, which resulted unsuccessful. In the 16 th day of life, the DC shock was applied and a sinus rhythm was detected immediately. Neonate: A.K Mother: I.K Keywords : infant, atrial flutter, antiarrhythmic, DC shock DOI: 10.7176/ALST/80-05 Publication date: July 30 th 2020","PeriodicalId":137891,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Science and Technology","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130321166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Umbilical Cord Prolapse and Management Upon Medical Personnel Skills – Case Report","authors":"R. Celami, S. Damo, N. Koliçi, E. Panajoti","doi":"10.7176/alst/80-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/alst/80-04","url":null,"abstract":"Umbilical cord prolapse is obstetric emergency that may have significant neonatal morbidity and mortality if not prompt professional management does not take place. Umbilical cord prolapse is the descended umbilical cord via collum uteri with proceeding presenting part after ruptured of membranes of the amniotic fluid. Case Report A 31 years old pregnant woman, comes to maternity service after her waters were broken (ruptured membranes of amniotic fluid), spontaneously at home. It was her second pregnancy; her first pregnancy was vaginal delivery 3 years ago. Actual pregnancy according to her last menstrual period was term pregnancy; she stated that was followed up during pregnancy by her obstetrician. Within very few minutes, patient was seen by admission midwife, where vaginal examination was performed and umbilical cord prolapsed was identified. The fetal heart rate was listened by Pinard horn obstetrical stethoscope and bradyarrythmia was present. The on duty obstetrician was called, while patient was kept on obstetrical lithotomy position by midwife.  Bimanual pelvic examination was performed by obstetrician on duty, the prolapsed of umbilical cord was confirmed and bradyarrythmia of fetal heart was present. At this time, patient was taken to operating room, and electronic fetal monitoring was performed, where fetal bradyarrythmia 90 FHR/min and immediate Cesarean section delivery was performed, baby did cry immediately after delivery, Apgar score 8/9 referred neonatologist assessment. Conclusion , umbilical cord prolapse is a life threatening event for the fetus and requires immediate intervention. Medical personnel should be well trained to address such emergency proper and professional management. Keywords: Umbilical cord prolapse, obstetrical emergency, mortality, morbidity, fetus DOI: 10.7176/ALST/80-04 Publication date: April 30 th 2020","PeriodicalId":137891,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Science and Technology","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125217948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Agronomic Factors, Physiological Factors, Seed Supply Systems and Seed Marketing Systems on Sustainability of Crop and Quality Seed Production: A Review","authors":"Merkebu Ayalew","doi":"10.7176/alst/80-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/alst/80-02","url":null,"abstract":"Seed can be defined in the agronomic sense which includes any type of planting material intended for use in producing a crop, i.e. either generative or vegetative. It is basic agricultural input and a means for delivering technology to farmers. Main factors which contribute effects on crop and quality seed production are agronomic factors, physiological factors, seed supply systems and seed marketing systems. Performing good agronomic practices help to assure sustainable crop as well as quality seed production. Most researchers or literatures grouped agronomic factors as land requirements and preparation, isolation (seed), nutrition, weed control, roguing (seed) and hybrid seed production. Physiological factors also able to determine sustainable crop and quality seed production which can be grouped as variety maintenance and early generation seed multiplication, physiological nature of improved seed, and physiological quality of seed. Seed supply systems play a crucial role in providing farmers with access to adaptable crops and varieties, and the flexibility of obtaining seed when required. Sub factors categorized under this main factor are sources of new seed varieties, potential of policies, seed system efficiency, seed systems gaps and identifying potential areas of activities on seed system gaps. The forth factor seed marketing systems also have great effects on production of diversified crops and quality seeds. Generally for better sustainability of crops as well as quality seed production agronomic, physiologic, seed supply systems and seed marketing systems factors should be considered and supported by scientifically studies. Keywords : Seed, Agronomic, Physiologic, Supply, Marketing, Sustainability, Quality DOI: 10.7176/ALST/80-02 Publication date: April 30 th 2020","PeriodicalId":137891,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Science and Technology","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132370385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer (Urea) Rate Application on Growth Performance of Potato (Solanum Tuberosum L.) on Vertisols of Central Highland of North Shewa, Ethiopia","authors":"Daniel Daka Godebo","doi":"10.7176/alst/80-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/alst/80-01","url":null,"abstract":"A study was conducted to determine response of potato (Solanum Tuberosum L.) to different rates of nitrogen fertilizer (urea) applied as 0 kg/ha, 81 kg/ha 165 kg/ha and 246 kg/ha  on vertisols of Debre Berhan university demonstration site which was located at central highlands(North Shewa) of Ethiopia. Treatments were arranged in RCBD design. Data was collected after 50% of plants were produced flower in which it was sampled randomly from center of plot.  Application of Nitrogen Fertilizer urea 246kg/ha and 165kg/ha delayed days to flowering, increases stem length, above ground biomass, underground biomass, branch number, and stem number as compared to the control(N=0kg/ha). It was observed that application of 165 kg urea/ha is required for optimum growth and performance of potato Gorebeilla variety on Vertisols of Debre Berhan in central high lands of Ethiopia. Keywords: - Potato, gorebeilla variety, Nitrogen fertilizer, aboveground performance, underground performance, different Rate application DOI: 10.7176/ALST/80-01 Publication date: April 30 th 2020","PeriodicalId":137891,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Science and Technology","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122688789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphometric Characterization of Indigenous Goats in East Gojjam Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia","authors":"S. Getahun","doi":"10.7176/alst/79-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/alst/79-01","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted in HuletEjuEnesie, GonchaSisoEnesie and EnbseSarMidir districts of East Gojjam Zone with the aim to Morphometric characterize indigenous goat populations.A total of 600 goats were sampled randomly for phenotypic characterization. The most dominant coat color pattern in the sampled populations wasplain and patchy with the most frequently observed coat color type being light red, white with red and white. Sex of animal had significant effect on all of the body measurements, except ear length, chest depth, and rump length and width. EnbseSarMidir district had significantly higher body measurement values than other districts. Dentition had significant differences on body weight and most of the linear body measurements. Correlations among body weight and linear body measurements were positive for both sexes. The result of the multiple regression analysis showed that heart girth explained more variation than any other linear body measurements in both does (71%) and bucks (82%). The prediction of body weight could be based on regression equation BW = -37.93 + 0.92CG for female sample population and BW= -44.47 + 1.02CG for male sample goat population. To sustainably utilize these goat population the production constrains should be solved and selective community-based breeding strategies should be designed and implemented . Keywords: Body weight, Indigenous, Linear Body Measurement, Morphometric Characterization. DOI: 10.7176/ALST/79-01 Publication date: March 31 st 2020","PeriodicalId":137891,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Science and Technology","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128301169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review on Application of Oncolytic Virotherapy of Cancer Cells in Veterinary Medicine","authors":"T. Demissie","doi":"10.7176/alst/79-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/alst/79-04","url":null,"abstract":"Oncolytic virotherapy is using oncolytic viruses (OVs) which selectively infect and kill cancer cells. Oncolytic viruses represent a highly targeted approach to established cancer that brings a multimechanistics approach and an acceptable safety profile to patients with a variety of cancers. A variety number of viruses have been developed as oncolytic virotherapeutics, including Adenovirus, Vaccinia virus, Herpesvirus, Measles , Coxsackie A virus, Newcastle disease virus, and Reovirus . Anticancer viruses can now be engineered to selectively attack cancer cells, spare normal tissue, awaken the host immune system and reverse immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment. But virotherapy is not a cure on its own. Research suggests that virotherapies will serve to supplement chemotherapy, radiation therapy or immunotherapy. Combinations of OV with cytotoxic agents are feasible and safe, with the potential of transient immune supperssion of the host in order to increase viral access to the tumor and provide time for viral oncolysis to exceed the tumor’s replicative  potential. Granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor as an immune-stimulatory cytokine boosts host immune activity through the infiltration of dendritic cells and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells at tumor sites. Concomitants to human, cancer is the leading cause of death in companion animals such as dogs and cats. The most important challenges for the successful clinical use of OVs in veterinary practice are reduction of viral toxicity, optimization of virus delivery to tumor, and enhancement of viral spread throughout the tumor mass. The multifactorial, interplay can be determined by the complex interactions between the tumor and its microenvironment, the virus, and the host immune response. Yet, there is promise that OVs will soon be a new, powerful treatment option for veterinary patients with cancer. Hence, sound understanding of the biology of OVs and its application in veterinary medicine require. Keywords: Cancer, Combination-therapy, Oncolytic virotherapy , Virus. DOI: 10.7176/ALST/79-04 Publication date: March 31 st 2020","PeriodicalId":137891,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Science and Technology","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115365985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, Practices and Challenges on HIV/AIDS Among High School Students in Wombera District, Benishangul Gumuz, Ethiopia","authors":"S. Birhanu","doi":"10.7176/alst/79-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/alst/79-03","url":null,"abstract":"Human Immunodeficiency virus, commonly known as HIV infects the cells of human immune system and destroys them which later develop into an advanced condition called Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge, practices and challenges of HIV/AIDS infection and prevention among some selected high school students of Wombera district, Benishangul Gumuz, Ethiopia. Simple random sampling method was used to select the representative population. The data were collected through the multistage based close-ended and, open ended questionnaires. In addition, secondary data were collected through document observation. Among the total respondents, 46(38%) males and 45(37.2%) females know as HIV/AIDS is sexually transmitted disease. Generally, the results indicated that most of the students were aware of about the methods of transmission and prevention of HIV/AIDS infection. In spite of the high level of knowledge, there were also misconception and assumption toward the transmission methods of HIV/ AIDS infection. Keywords: HIV/AIDS, Knowledge, Practice, Students, Secondary High Schools DOI: 10.7176/ALST/79-03 Publication date: March 31 st 2020","PeriodicalId":137891,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Science and Technology","volume":"30 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130299868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}