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The Oxford Handbook of Event Structure最新文献

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Aspectual Classes 体的类
The Oxford Handbook of Event Structure Pub Date : 2019-03-21 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199685318.013.4
A. Mittwoch
{"title":"Aspectual Classes","authors":"A. Mittwoch","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199685318.013.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199685318.013.4","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter deals with meaning elements of the predicate that are mainly connected with temporal characteristics other than those, like tense, that are directly connected to the speech act. These are sometimes referred to as inner aspect, in contrast to outer aspect, which deals with temporal operators like Progressive, Perfect and Habitual. The chapter focuses in particular on the division of predicates into aspectual classes, such as states, activities, accomplishments, achievements, and semelfactives, and criteria for such classifications. There is also some discussion of the stage level/individual level distinction, and the theory introduced by the philosopher Donald Davidson that all predicates have an event argument. Most of the data are from English but there are examples from Slavonic languages and a number of other languages.","PeriodicalId":137823,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Event Structure","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127285816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Event Composition and Event Individuation 事件组合和事件个性化
The Oxford Handbook of Event Structure Pub Date : 2019-03-21 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780199685318.013.5
R. Truswell
{"title":"Event Composition and Event Individuation","authors":"R. Truswell","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780199685318.013.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780199685318.013.5","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores a consequence of Davidson’s (1967) foundational hypothesis that events are in some nontrivial way similar to individuals: just as an individual can form part of a larger individual, an event can form part of a larger event. This implies that events may be composed of multiple smaller events. The chapter addresses two related questions: First, what are the logical underpinnings of the relationship between events and their parts? Second, how do we recognize, or individuate, events? Both of these are addressed through the lens of parallels with the domain of individuals. With respect to the first, the chapter summarizes foundational work by Link and others on mereological relations between events and individuals. With respect to the second, it proposes that events can be individuated in different ways, depending on whether they are perceived as purely physical, as intentional, or other.","PeriodicalId":137823,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Event Structure","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115593092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Event Structure and Verbal Decomposition 事件结构与言语分解
The Oxford Handbook of Event Structure Pub Date : 2019-03-21 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780199685318.013.32
G. Ramchand
{"title":"Event Structure and Verbal Decomposition","authors":"G. Ramchand","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780199685318.013.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780199685318.013.32","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores the relationship between constrained semantic representations of events, and structured syntactic representations that express them. I show that these representations track each other systematically, and that argument structure generalizations emerge in lock-step with these structures. I therefore propose a system in which those generalizations follow from the following general principles of structural interpretation: (i) embedding corresponds to the cause/leads to relation; (ii) each subevental structure is related potentially to a participant NP; (iii) event-recursion is limited to structures with at most one dynamic predication per event phase. The maximal subevental structure consists of a stative predication embedding a dynamic one, and the dynamic one in turn embedding a stative one. This structure and its proper subsets exhaust the event types built by the grammar. These principles ensure the relative prominence of the different argument positions as well as specific entailments for the different positions.","PeriodicalId":137823,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Event Structure","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127696462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Inner Aspect Crosslinguistically 内在方面交叉语言学
The Oxford Handbook of Event Structure Pub Date : 2019-03-21 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780199685318.013.22
L. Travis
{"title":"Inner Aspect Crosslinguistically","authors":"L. Travis","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780199685318.013.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780199685318.013.22","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores the nature of Inner Aspect by investigating non-culminating accomplishments languages. In these languages, the unmarked way of saying ‘x killed y’ does not entail that y is dead. Intriguingly, in many of these languages, the morphology needed to encode entailment brings with it other meanings such as extra effort, nonintentionality, suddenness. First, a syntactic account of the role of this morpheme posits a morphologically realized endpoint in Inner Aspect within the predicate. Then this account is compared to an alternate view that concentrates on the semantics of the construction and the modal meaning of the morpheme. Finally, it is argued that phonological evidence must also be taken into consideration in any further study. The goal of the chapter is not to provide any solution, but to raise awareness of the relevant issues.","PeriodicalId":137823,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Event Structure","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130692711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Event Structure without naïve Physics 没有naïve物理的事件结构
The Oxford Handbook of Event Structure Pub Date : 2019-03-21 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780199685318.013.8
H. Verkuyl
{"title":"Event Structure without naïve Physics","authors":"H. Verkuyl","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780199685318.013.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780199685318.013.8","url":null,"abstract":"What is the real nature of the aspectual division between perfective and imperfective as revealed by the well-known in/for-test? The answer is founded on the idea that this division between completion and incompletion mirrors our cognitive capacity to shift between discreteness and continuity as expressed in the number systems N and R. To get at the real contribution of a verb to aspectual information, the first step is to determine the basic atemporal building block making a tenseless verb stative or non-stative. For this, verbhood is to be understood aspectually in a very strict way abstracting from the contribution of arguments. It follows that one has to get ‘below’ event structure in order to see why the in/for-test works as it turns out to do (or in some cases not).","PeriodicalId":137823,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Event Structure","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116162715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Event Structure and Syntax 事件结构和语法
The Oxford Handbook of Event Structure Pub Date : 2019-03-21 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780199685318.013.16
Tal Siloni
{"title":"Event Structure and Syntax","authors":"Tal Siloni","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780199685318.013.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780199685318.013.16","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the syntactic decompositional view of event structure. On this view, the event is composed of distinct syntactic heads that correspond to its meaning ingredients. The chapter critically reviews the various arguments presented in the literature for a decompositional analysis of pairs of verbs that differ roughly in that one of them has one more argument than the other. It focuses on the inchoative alternation, comparing it to the Japanese and Hungarian causative alternations. The chapter shows that these alternations differ from one another in important respects, and only the Japanese causative alternation deserves a syntactic decompositional treatment. The chapter thus contributes a critical evaluation of the scope and limitations of syntactic representations of lexical decomposition.","PeriodicalId":137823,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Event Structure","volume":"186 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124750045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Lexicalization Patterns 词汇化模式
The Oxford Handbook of Event Structure Pub Date : 2019-03-21 DOI: 10.7551/mitpress/6848.003.0003
B. Levin, Malka Rappaport Hovav
{"title":"Lexicalization Patterns","authors":"B. Levin, Malka Rappaport Hovav","doi":"10.7551/mitpress/6848.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/6848.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter surveys accounts of systematic cross-linguistic differences in the distribution of conceptual components across the constituents of clauses describing the same event. These differences are embodied in Talmy’s seminal V(erb)-framed vs. S(atellite)-framed typology, first applied to directed motion events. Subsequent work supports this typology by showing that other properties of a language cluster with its motion event description type, but also reveals that the empirical landscape is more complex than a two-way typology can capture. A fuller account requires determining the grammatical factors underpinning the typological patterns. We review current accounts which derive these patterns by attributing them to: (i) differences in properties of a language’s lexical items and generalizations concerning the structure of its lexicon and (ii) differences in compositional mechanisms. The chapter also considers Manner/Result Complementarity, a constraint on the conceptual content encoded in the basic components of a verb’s meaning, in the context of lexicalization patterns.","PeriodicalId":137823,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Event Structure","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129102589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 45
Tense and Aspect in Discourse Representation Theory 语篇表征理论中的时态与体
The Oxford Handbook of Event Structure Pub Date : 2019-03-21 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780199685318.013.33
H. Kamp
{"title":"Tense and Aspect in Discourse Representation Theory","authors":"H. Kamp","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780199685318.013.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780199685318.013.33","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter is about the treatment of tense and aspect in Discourse Representation Theory. The focus is on the role that different tense forms and other sentence constituents with temporal and/or aspectual meaning components have on the interpretation of sentence sequences: how the occurrence of such a constituent in a sentence links its interpretation temporally or aspectually to that of the sentence of sentences preceding it. The concern on the discourse linking role of tenses and other sentence constituents led to DRT in the first place, with its architecture that is geared to deal with the systematic properties of incremental discourse interpretation. Novel about the chapter is its discussion of the distinction between temporal cross-sentential discourse links that are fully determined by the choice of tense forms alone and those which also rely on world knowledge and discourse relations. DRT work on sentence- and word-internal structure is not discussed.","PeriodicalId":137823,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Event Structure","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125118119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Neodavidsonianism in Semantics and Syntax 语义与句法中的新戴维森主义
The Oxford Handbook of Event Structure Pub Date : 2019-03-21 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780199685318.013.11
Terje Lohndal
{"title":"Neodavidsonianism in Semantics and Syntax","authors":"Terje Lohndal","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780199685318.013.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780199685318.013.11","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses the impact and development of Donald Davidson’s original proposal that there is an event variable in the logical forms that encode meaning in natural languages. Originally, Davidson was concerned with adjuncts and their entailments, but this chapter demonstrates how these insights were extended to apply to thematic arguments. It is argued that there is a family of Neodavidsonian proposals that all have in common that they argue for Neodavidsonian logical forms. However, they differ substantially in how they derive these logical forms, notably in what assumptions they make concerning the syntactic structure that serves as an input to the semantic interpretation. The chapter provides an overview of some of the different approaches, closing by defending a view that can be viewed as a natural consequence of the original insight due to Davidson: not only event predicates, but also argument predicates are linked together by way of conjunction.","PeriodicalId":137823,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Event Structure","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127876138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Form-Independent Meaning Representation for Eventualities 结果的形式独立意义表示
The Oxford Handbook of Event Structure Pub Date : 2019-03-21 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780199685318.013.34
Mark Steedman
{"title":"Form-Independent Meaning Representation for Eventualities","authors":"Mark Steedman","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780199685318.013.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780199685318.013.34","url":null,"abstract":"Linguists and philosophers since Aristotle have attempted to reduce natural language semantics in general, and the semantics of eventualities in particular, to a ‘language of mind’, expressed in terms of various collections of underlying language-independent primitive concepts. While such systems have proved insightful enough to suggest that such a universal conceptual representation is in some sense psychologically real, the primitive relations proposed, based on oppositions like agent-patient, event-state, etc., have remained incompletely convincing. This chapter proposes that the primitive concepts of the language of mind are ‘hidden’, or latent, and must be discovered automatically by detecting consistent patterns of entailment in the vast amounts of text that are made available by the internet using automatic syntactic parsers and machine learning to mine a form- and language-independent semantic representation language for natural language semantics. The representations involved combine a distributional representation of ambiguity with a language of logical form.","PeriodicalId":137823,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Event Structure","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116475230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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