International Journal of Audiology最新文献_第8页

Exploring age-dependent speech recognition in noise for children with hearing loss: insights from hearing Aid or cochlear Implant rehabilitation. 探索听力损失儿童在噪音中的年龄依赖性语音识别：来自助听器或人工耳蜗康复的见解。

IF 2 3区医学

International Journal of Audiology Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-25 DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2025.2573030

Lucinda Kootstra, Marian B A Rodenburg-Vlot, Marc P van der Schroeff, Jantien L Vroegop

{"title":"Exploring age-dependent speech recognition in noise for children with hearing loss: insights from hearing Aid or cochlear Implant rehabilitation.","authors":"Lucinda Kootstra, Marian B A Rodenburg-Vlot, Marc P van der Schroeff, Jantien L Vroegop","doi":"10.1080/14992027.2025.2573030","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14992027.2025.2573030","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: In this study we investigated whether speech recognition in noise improves with age in children with hearing loss using hearing aids (HA) or cochlear implants (CI). Secondly, we identified the audiological factors that predict these abilities.Design: We performed a retrospective analysis of the Dutch Digit-In-Noise (DIN) test results from our clinical population of children rehabilitated with HAs (N = 163) or CIs (N = 83). Participants were aged between 6 and 18 years, had stable hearing loss and an open-set phoneme recognition in quiet > 50% at 65 dB SPL.Study sample: We included 242 measurements from HA users and 190 from CI users. All had at least 1 year of device experience and were using their daily program.Results: Two linear mixed models were created for HA and CI users. A significant effect of age on speech in noise performance was observed for both groups. For HA users, pure tone average was another significant predictor, for CI users = the modality. Children with bilateral CIs had a significantly better DIN SRT compared to those with unilateral or bimodal rehabilitation.Conclusions: Age and audiological factors, such as pure tone average and modality, significantly predict speech-in-noise performance in children using HAs or CIs.","PeriodicalId":13759,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Audiology","volume":" ","pages":"846-855"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145370322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development and verification of non-supervised smartphone-based methods for assessing pure-tone thresholds and loudness perception. 开发和验证基于智能手机的非监督方法，用于评估纯音阈值和响度感知。

IF 2 3区医学

International Journal of Audiology Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-04 DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2024.2424876

Chen Xu, Lena Schell-Majoor, Birger Kollmeier

{"title":"Development and verification of non-supervised smartphone-based methods for assessing pure-tone thresholds and loudness perception.","authors":"Chen Xu, Lena Schell-Majoor, Birger Kollmeier","doi":"10.1080/14992027.2024.2424876","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14992027.2024.2424876","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The benefit of using smartphones for hearing tests in a non-supervised, rapid, and contactless way has drawn a lot of interest, especially if supra-threshold measures are assessed that go beyond audiogram-based measures alone. It is unclear, nevertheless, how well these measures compare to more supervised and regulated manual audiometric assessments. The aim of this study is to validate such smartphone-based methods against standardised laboratory assessments.Design: Pure-tone audiometry and categorical loudness scaling (CLS) were used. Three conditions with varying degrees of supervision were created and compared. In order to assess binaural and spectral loudness summation, both narrowband monaural and broadband binaural noise have been examined as CLS test stimuli.Study sample: N = 21 individuals with normal hearing and N = 16 participants with mild-to-moderate hearing loss.Results: The tests conducted here did not show any distinctions between smartphone-based and laboratory-based methods.Conclusions: Non-supervised listening tests via smartphone may serve as a valid, reliable, and cost-effective approach, e.g. for pure-tone audiometry, CLS, and the evaluation of binaural and spectral loudness summation. In addition, the supra-threshold tests can be constructed to be invariant against missing calibration and external noise which makes them more robust for smartphone usage than audiogram measures.","PeriodicalId":13759,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Audiology","volume":" ","pages":"793-803"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142768475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lightweight test-score prediction methods for the Situated Phoneme (SiP) test based on the phoneme-level Speech Intelligibility Index (SIIP), the Phoneme Discriminability Level (PDL) and the Speech Intelligibility Index (SII). 基于音素水平语音可理解指数（SIIP）、音素可分辨水平（PDL）和语音可理解指数（SII）的定位音素（SiP）测试分数轻量级预测方法。

IF 2 3区医学

International Journal of Audiology Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-09 DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2025.2577702

Erik Witte

{"title":"Lightweight test-score prediction methods for the Situated Phoneme (SiP) test based on the phoneme-level Speech Intelligibility Index (SIIP), the Phoneme Discriminability Level (PDL) and the Speech Intelligibility Index (SII).","authors":"Erik Witte","doi":"10.1080/14992027.2025.2577702","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14992027.2025.2577702","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To introduce the Phoneme Discriminability Level (PDL) and compare its ability to predict scores on the Situated Phoneme (SiP) test with those of a phoneme-level version of the Speech Intelligibility Index (SIIP) and the original Speech Intelligibility Index (SII).Design: SII, SIIP, and PDL values were calculated for 24,444 SiP-test trials and used to train and evaluate logistic regression models. Models were trained on half of the study sample and statistically evaluated on the other half.Study sample: Seventy-four adult native speakers of Swedish (mean age = 62 years), with hearing ranging from normal to severe loss. All had symmetric hearing without conductive components.Results: Models based on PDL and SIIP showed similar overall predictive power, and both outperformed the SII-based model. SIIP and SII were better at predicting average session scores, whereas PDL was better at predicting scores for individual test words. Adding random intercepts for test words improved the predictive accuracy of the SIIP and PDL models, but only at the level of individual words, not whole sessions.Conclusions: All investigated models are useful for predicting SiP-test scores. SIIP and PDL appear suitable for optimising SiP-test settings and estimating critical differences.","PeriodicalId":13759,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Audiology","volume":" ","pages":"804-817"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145481999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Barriers and facilitators to air travel among adults with hearing loss: a scoping review. 听力损失成人航空旅行的障碍和促进因素：范围审查。

IF 2 3区医学

International Journal of Audiology Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-06 DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2025.2578659

George Kweku Danful, Sarah Pignac, Elizabeth M Fitzpatrick, Michael Mulvey, Pier-Luc Turcotte, Annie Robitaille, Valentina Primossi, Linda Garcia

{"title":"Barriers and facilitators to air travel among adults with hearing loss: a scoping review.","authors":"George Kweku Danful, Sarah Pignac, Elizabeth M Fitzpatrick, Michael Mulvey, Pier-Luc Turcotte, Annie Robitaille, Valentina Primossi, Linda Garcia","doi":"10.1080/14992027.2025.2578659","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14992027.2025.2578659","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To summarise the air travel experiences of adults with hearing loss, identifying barriers, facilitators, and implications for accessibility.Design: A scoping review guided by Arksey and O'Malley's framework. Relevant databases (Medline, CINAHL, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) and gray literature were searched. Two independent reviewers screened the titles, abstracts, and full texts based on the inclusion criteria. Extracted data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.Study sample: Ten studies met the inclusion criteria, originating from the USA, Australia, Brazil, and Taiwan, and published between 2008 and 2023.Results: Three main themes emerged: communication barriers, accessibility challenges, and emotional impacts. These themes were mapped across the four stages of the air travel journey: pre-travel, airport, in-flight, and post-flight. Key facilitators included real-time digital updates, improved signage, travel companions, and assistive technologies.Conclusions: Adults with hearing loss face barriers during air travel that affect their travel experience and emotional well-being. While some facilitators were identified, there remains a need for increased awareness and implementation of inclusive practices within the aviation industry. Future research should explore the effectiveness of policy interventions and evaluate airport and airline compliance with accessibility guidelines.","PeriodicalId":13759,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Audiology","volume":" ","pages":"767-780"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145458615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Beyond hearing: the impact of Cochlear implantation on the quality of life of users and their communication partners after 1 year. 听觉之外：人工耳蜗植入1年后对使用者及其交流伙伴生活质量的影响

IF 2 3区医学

International Journal of Audiology Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-26 DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2024.2441332

Nikki Philpott, Hugo G B Nijmeijer, Birgit Philips, Marre W Kaandorp, Johan H M Frijns, Berber M Mol, Peter-Paul B M Boermans, Erwin L J George, Ralf A Boerboom, Emmanuel A M Mylanus, Wendy J Huinck

{"title":"Beyond hearing: the impact of Cochlear implantation on the quality of life of users and their communication partners after 1 year.","authors":"Nikki Philpott, Hugo G B Nijmeijer, Birgit Philips, Marre W Kaandorp, Johan H M Frijns, Berber M Mol, Peter-Paul B M Boermans, Erwin L J George, Ralf A Boerboom, Emmanuel A M Mylanus, Wendy J Huinck","doi":"10.1080/14992027.2024.2441332","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14992027.2024.2441332","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To assess the impact of cochlear implantation (CI) and speech perception outcomes on the quality of life (QoL) of adult CI users and their communication partners (CP) one-year post-implantation.Design: This research is part of a prospective multicenter study in The Netherlands, called SMILE (Societal Merit of Intervention for hearing Loss Evaluation).Study sample: Eighty adult CI users completed speech perception testing and the Nijmegen Cochear Implant Questionnaire (NCIQ). Fifty-four CPs completed the Hearing Impairment Impact - Significant Other Profile (HII-SOP).Results: CI resulted in a large improvement in the QoL of both users and CPs. Despite this, some users still reported difficulties in the NCIQ sub-domains Social Interactions, Activity Limitations and Self-esteem. Similarly, some CPs still reported moderate and severe third-party disability on the HII-SOP. Additionally, the correlation between speech perception results and self-reported QoL was weak to negligible for both groups.Conclusions: Speech perception in quiet is not an accurate measure of real-life success with a CI. A subset of CI users and CPs still experience substantial QoL challenges regardless of speech perception performance. To improve counselling and intervention, QoL measures should be a standard part of the CI care pathway for CI users and their CPs.","PeriodicalId":13759,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Audiology","volume":" ","pages":"827-833"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143037843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Audibility primarily drives the relationship of digits-in-noise recognition with hearing loss and age. 可听性主要驱动噪声中数字识别与听力损失和年龄的关系。

IF 2 3区医学

International Journal of Audiology Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-10 DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2025.2577713

Jordi H C Boons, Gertjan Dingemanse, Bernd Kremer, André Goedegebure

{"title":"Audibility primarily drives the relationship of digits-in-noise recognition with hearing loss and age.","authors":"Jordi H C Boons, Gertjan Dingemanse, Bernd Kremer, André Goedegebure","doi":"10.1080/14992027.2025.2577713","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14992027.2025.2577713","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To examine how audibility affects digits-in-noise (DIN) recognition, and how age and hearing loss influence recognition after audibility compensation.Design: Pure-tone thresholds and speech perception thresholds (SRTs) were measured. The SRTs were obtained using a DIN-test at 70 dB SPL noise-level with the standard speech/noise spectrum (DIN70) and at individually adjusted speech levels with a high-frequency tilted spectrum (DINvar) to optimise audibility. The speech intelligibility index (SII) was used to correct for audibility effects in the DIN70 test.Study sample: 1575 older adults from the population-based Rotterdam Study with mild-to-moderate hearing loss, of which 713 participants had a DINvar measurement. This subgroup had significantly better hearing thresholds.Results: With the DIN70 test, significant associations with age (ζ = 0.11) and the pure-tone average (PTA) (ζ = 0.32) were found for the entire population. After SII-modelling, these were substantially reduced (age: ζ = 0.06, and PTA: ζ = 0.08). The SRT of the DINvar test also revealed weak relationships with age (ζ = 0.04) and PTA (ζ = 0.05).Conclusions: Audibility is the primary determinant of digit triplets-in-noise recognition in older adults with mild to moderate age-related hearing loss. After compensation of audibility, there is hardly any effect of supra-threshold deficits related to age and PTA.","PeriodicalId":13759,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Audiology","volume":" ","pages":"856-867"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145722635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Speech recognition and real-ear-measured amplification in hearing-aid users with various grades of hearing loss. 不同程度听力损失的助听器使用者的语音识别和实耳测量放大。

IF 2 3区医学

International Journal of Audiology Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-10 DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2024.2426009

Max Engler, Frank Digeser, Ulrich Hoppe

{"title":"Speech recognition and real-ear-measured amplification in hearing-aid users with various grades of hearing loss.","authors":"Max Engler, Frank Digeser, Ulrich Hoppe","doi":"10.1080/14992027.2024.2426009","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14992027.2024.2426009","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The relationship between aided speech recognition and hearing-aid (HA) amplification was investigated in a retrospective study.Design and study sample: Pure-tone thresholds, aided and unaided speech recognition and real-ear measurements of 635 ears in 374 HA users were reviewed. Ears were classified according to pure-tone average (PTA) and real-ear aided response (REAR) in relation to the targets of NAL-NL2 and DSL v5.0.Results: For DSL v5.0, compared with NAL-NL2, higher amplification was calculated almost consistently for input levels of 65 and 80 dB SPL. Speech-recognition scores were best when the REAR reached ±5 dB or exceeded 5 dB the DSL v5.0 target and were lowest when the REAR fell more than 5 dB below the NAL-NL2 target.Conclusions: The greatest impact of the REAR on speech recognition was observed at hearing losses between 50 and 80 dB HL. It was found that to optimise speech recognition and audibility for patients in this range HA fittings should target DSL v5.0 prescription values. For hearing losses below 50 dB HL, both NAL-NL2 and DSL v5.0 may be considered for HA fitting. However, for hearing losses above 80 dB HL, aided speech recognition is insufficient in most cases.","PeriodicalId":13759,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Audiology","volume":" ","pages":"834-845"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142806895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Does the Apple airpods pro 2 hearing aid feature meet prescribed targets for standardized audiograms? 苹果airpods pro 2助听器功能是否符合标准听音图的规定目标？

IF 2 3区医学

International Journal of Audiology Pub Date : 2026-06-27 DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2026.2685112

Haiping Huang, Taylor Dalzell, Erin M Picou

{"title":"Does the Apple airpods pro 2 hearing aid feature meet prescribed targets for standardized audiograms?","authors":"Haiping Huang, Taylor Dalzell, Erin M Picou","doi":"10.1080/14992027.2026.2685112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14992027.2026.2685112","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: We aimed to record deviation of Apple AirPods Pro 2 Hearing Aid Feature (HAF) output from prescriptive targets (i.e., NAL-NL2) using two manually entered, standardized audiograms. We also aimed to record the acoustic effects of the HAF tuning controls and their utility for fine tuning HAF outputs.Design and study sample: HAF output was quantified by real-ear aided responses measured bilaterally in an acoustic manikin using 55, 65, and 75 dB SPL recorded speech inputs. Repeated measurements were made for left and right earbuds, from two sets of AirPods Pro 2 devices. Two manually entered, standardized audiograms (mild- and moderate-sloping hearing losses) were used to generate prescriptive targets. Fine tuning by a researcher towards validated prescriptive targets was explored using \"Amplification\" and \"Tone\" sliders on an iPhone.Results: For both manually-entered audiograms, under-amplification relative to targets was observed at HAF's default setting; however, match to targets could be achieved after fine tuning. The \"amplification\" slider gives ∼10 dB of broadband level changes, while \"Tone\" slider gives ∼5-10 dB of spectral tilt.Conclusions: We provide preliminary data supporting the potential of HAF for fitting patients with manually-entered mild- and moderate-sloping audiograms. HAF tuning controls could be used to meet prescriptive targets.","PeriodicalId":13759,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Audiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148338459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Using NAL-NL3 in clinical practice: a modular NAL fitting system for real-world listening needs. 在临床实践中使用NAL- nl3：一个模块化的NAL装配系统，用于现实世界的听力需求。

IF 2 3区医学

International Journal of Audiology Pub Date : 2026-06-27 DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2026.2680131

Matthew Croteau, Catherine Kwok

{"title":"Using NAL-NL3 in clinical practice: a modular NAL fitting system for real-world listening needs.","authors":"Matthew Croteau, Catherine Kwok","doi":"10.1080/14992027.2026.2680131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14992027.2026.2680131","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To provide hearing care professionals (HCPs) with an overview of the NAL-NL3 fitting system and to guide its use in clinical practice. The aim is to translate the research underpinning NAL-NL3 into practical guidance.Design: This Clinical Note outlines the rationale and clinical application of the NAL-NL3 fitting system, which at launch comprises the NAL-NL3 Prescription, the Comfort in Noise (CIN) Module, and the Minimal Hearing Loss (MHL) Module.Results: The NAL-NL3 fitting system was developed through laboratory and field testing and feedback from hearing care professionals. The NAL-NL3 Prescription provides amplification that aligns more closely with clinical needs, improving first-fit satisfaction and clinical efficiency for a wider range of cases. The Comfort in Noise Module offers a comfort-focused amplification profile adapted for noisy environments, improving comfort and reducing listening fatigue while maintaining speech intelligibility. The Minimal Hearing Loss Module extends hearing aid fitting to adults with normal or near-normal hearing thresholds who experience hearing difficulties, providing safe access to hearing aid technologies.Conclusions: NAL-NL3 is the next generation of NAL's evidence-based philosophy towards prescribing hearing aid amplification. Its modular design enables hearing care professionals to better personalise fittings to patients' communication needs, supporting patient-centred care.","PeriodicalId":13759,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Audiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148338435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evolving the philosophy: from the NAL rule to NAL-NL3. 哲学的演变：从NAL规则到NAL- nl3。

IF 2 3区医学

International Journal of Audiology Pub Date : 2026-06-24 DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2026.2690236

Pádraig T Kitterick, Justin A Zakis, Brent Edwards

{"title":"Evolving the philosophy: from the NAL rule to NAL-NL3.","authors":"Pádraig T Kitterick, Justin A Zakis, Brent Edwards","doi":"10.1080/14992027.2026.2690236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14992027.2026.2690236","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To describe and discuss the evolution of hearing aid prescriptions for gain and compression from the National Acoustic Laboratories (NAL).Design: Narrative review of the philosophies and scientific approaches underlying the derivation of the NAL prescriptions, from the first linear NAL 'rule' to the latest advancements in the NAL-NL3 Fitting System.Study sample: Published studies on the development of the various NAL hearing aid prescription formulas.Results: From the first linear formulas (NAL, NAL-R, NAL-RP) to the subsequent non-linear formulas (NAL-NL1 and NAL-NL2), the NAL philosophy has been grounded in the importance of maximising speech understanding while ensuring loudness remains within normal levels. The NAL-NL3 Fitting System represents both a continuation of this philosophy in the design of the NAL-NL3 Prescription, but also the introduction of alternative philosophies in the NAL-NL3 Modules that address a broader set of needs and characteristics in today's hearing aid recipients.Conclusions: The NAL prescriptions have evolved to address the needs of hearing aid users and advances in hearing aid technology. Independent evidence-based manufacturer-agnostic hearing aid prescription formulas still represent a key aspect of audiological practice, enabling hearing professionals to provide evidence-based individualized amplification strategies to optimize auditory outcomes.","PeriodicalId":13759,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Audiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148316959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0