Geoinformatica Polonica最新文献

{"title":"Precision of the Nebra Disc in Astronomical and Geometric Aspect","authors":"Piotr Banasik, W. Góral","doi":"10.4467/21995923gp.21.008.14979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/21995923gp.21.008.14979","url":null,"abstract":"The astronomical knowledge on the disc has been coded on two planes: horizontal and meridian. The range of sunrise and sunset directions during the year has been described on the horizontal plane. In turn, on the meridian (vertical) plane, the range of changes in the horizontal height and declination of the Sun in the upper culmination during the year and the Moon in its 18.61-year cycle were described. The relationships between the latitude of the place of observation, the horizontal height of the celestial body and its declination were described by means of geometric constructions. The presented article is a continuation of two publications [1] and [2], which describe the decryption of the Nebra disc. These publications were based on the interpretation of the results of angular measurements, made using a protractor with a scale of 0.5 degrees, without the use of a computer. The presented publication is based on a digital disc image obtained by means of its digitization. The obtained data was used for further calculations based on analytical geometry and graphic programs. This allowed to obtain results in a linear measure with a precision of less than 1 mm.\u0000\u0000PRECYZJA DYSKU Z NEBRY W ASPEKCIE ASTRONOMICZNYM I GEOMETRYCZNYM\u0000\u0000Wiedza astronomiczna na dysku została zakodowana na dwóch płaszczyznach: horyzontalnej i południkowej. Na płaszczyźnie horyzontalnej (poziomej) opisano zakres kierunków wschodu i zachodu Słońca w ciągu roku. Z kolei na płaszczyźnie południkowej (pionowej) opisano zakres zmiany wysokości horyzontalnej i deklinacji Słońca w kulminacji górnej w ciągu roku oraz Księżyca w jego 18,61-rocznym cyklu. Za pomocą konstrukcji geometrycznych opisano związki między szerokością geograficzną miejsca obserwacji, wysokością horyzontalną ciała niebieskiego i jego deklinacją. Prezentowany artykuł jest kontynuacją dwóch publikacji: [1], [2], w których opisano deszyfrację dysku z Nebry. Publikacje te były oparte na interpretacji wyników pomiarów kątowych, wykonanych za pomocą kątomierza o podziałce 0,5 stopnia, bez użycia komputera. Prezentowana publikacja bazuje na cyfrowym obrazie dysku, uzyskanym za pomocą jego digitalizacji. Uzyskane dane wykorzystano do dalszych obliczeń opartych na geometrii analitycznej oraz programach graficznych.","PeriodicalId":137315,"journal":{"name":"Geoinformatica Polonica","volume":"205 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114662964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Augmented Reality in the Presentation of City Monuments: A Case Study of “Bielsko-Biała AR Guide” Mobile Application","authors":"Stanisław Szombara, Małgorzata Zontek","doi":"10.4467/21995923gp.21.003.14974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/21995923gp.21.003.14974","url":null,"abstract":"Augmented Reality (AR) is one of the modern technologies used for sharing 3D geospatial data. This article presents possible ways of enriching a mobile application containing information about 50 objects located in the city of Bielsko-Biała with an AR functionality. The application was created in two programs: Android Studio and Unity. The application allows to get to know historical objects of the city, encourages to visit them by adding virtual elements observed in the background of a real-time camera image from a mobile device. The article presents the statistics of the application usage and the results of a survey conducted among a group of testers. Feedback from application testers confirms the validity of using AR technology in the application.\u0000\u0000ROZSZERZONA RZECZYWISTOŚĆ W PREZENTACJI ZABYTKÓW MIASTA: APLIKACJA „BIELSKO-BIAŁA PRZEWODNIK AR”, STUDIUM PRZYPADKU\u0000Rzeczywistość Rozszerzona (Augmented Reality – AR) jest jedną z nowoczesnych technologii wykorzystywanych do udostępniania danych przestrzennych 3D. W artykule przedstawiono możliwe sposoby wzbogacenia aplikacji mobilnej o funkcjonalność AR. Aplikacja zawiera informacje o 50 obiektach zlokalizowanych na terenie miasta Bielska-Białej i została stworzona w dwóch programach: Android Studio oraz Unity. Aplikacja pozwala na poznanie zabytkowych obiektów miasta oraz zachęca do ich zwiedzania poprzez dodanie wirtualnych elementów obserwowanych w czasie rzeczywistym na tle obrazu z kamery urządzenia mobilnego. W artykule przedstawiono statystyki użytkowania aplikacji oraz wyniki ankiety przeprowadzonej wśród grupy testerów. Informacje zwrotne od testerów aplikacji potwierdzają zasadność zastosowania technologii AR w aplikacji.","PeriodicalId":137315,"journal":{"name":"Geoinformatica Polonica","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127340246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iconographic and Cartographic Biography of the Esterka Mound in Łobzów","authors":"Piotr Banasik","doi":"10.4467/21995923gp.21.002.14973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/21995923gp.21.002.14973","url":null,"abstract":"The paper refers to one of the mounds in Kraków – the Esterka Mound. This mound was probably the element of a garden established at the palace in the former village of Łobzów (nowadays a part of the city quarter Kraków-Krowodrza). The available so far information on the mound is scattered all over numerous publications, and sometimes contains errors. This also refers to iconographic materials. In this paper the remaining iconographic and cartographic materials referring to this object were collected and put together in a systematic way. The paper also contains bibliographic documentation of the existing graphic materials showing the mound (panoramas, terrain sketches, maps, photographs). The information available in this article can be used in the plans of revitalizing the Esterka Mound and former royal mansion in Łobzów.\u0000\u0000\u0000IKONOGRAFICZNA I KARTOGRAFICZNA BIOGRAFIA KOPCA ESTERKI W ŁOBZOWIE\u0000Praca dotyczy jednego z kopców krakowskich – kopca Esterki w Krakowie. Kopiec ten najprawdopodobniej był elementem ogrodu założonego przy pałacu w dawnej wsi Łobzów (obecnie w dzielnicy Kraków-Krowodrza). Dotychczasowe informacje o kopcu są rozproszone w wielu publikacjach, a niekiedy zawierają błędy. Dotyczy to również materiałów ikonograficznych. W pracy zebrano i usystematyzowano dostępne materiały ikonograficzne i kartograficzne, jakie pozostały po tym obiekcie. Sporządzono dokumentację bibliograficzną istniejących materiałów graficznych pokazujących kopiec (panoramy, plany, mapy, fotografie). Informacje znajdujące się w artykule mogą zostać wykorzystane w planach rewitalizacji kopca Esterki i dawnej rezydencji królewskiej w Łobzowie.","PeriodicalId":137315,"journal":{"name":"Geoinformatica Polonica","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131080860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Irregularity of Post Mining Deformations as Indicator Revealing Effects of Processes of Unknown Origin in Area of Bochnia","authors":"Z. Szczerbowski","doi":"10.4467/21995923GP.20.008.13073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/21995923GP.20.008.13073","url":null,"abstract":"The presented work deals with the problem of terrain surface and rock mass deformation in the area of the Bochnia Salt Mine. The deformations are related to natural causes (mainly the tectonic stress of the Carpathian orogen) as well as anthropogenic ones related to the past mining activity conducted directly under the buildings of the town of Bochnia. The discussed characteristics of land surface deformation are important from the point of view of threats to surface features and contribute to spatial development. Particularly anomalous zones of observed subsidence basins are examined as places of second order deformation effects. The author presents a method of determinations of these anomalous areas and he discusses their origins.","PeriodicalId":137315,"journal":{"name":"Geoinformatica Polonica","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131340563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Horizontal strains over the length of single section of observation line – problem analysis","authors":"P. Sopata","doi":"10.4467/21995923gp.20.003.12824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/21995923gp.20.003.12824","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of studying values of horizontal strains occurring over the length of single sides of observation line has been raised in the article. A particular attention has been paid to relevance of this issue in the aspect of assessments made with respect to hazards of mining areas. Lack of knowledge of factually occurring values of horizontal strains in the aspect of commonly determined mean index values (assigned for the entire side length) in case of substantial mutual differences may result in low credibility of prepared assessments. It may also explain arising damages to facilities on lands of thus defined category of a mining area.","PeriodicalId":137315,"journal":{"name":"Geoinformatica Polonica","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124832154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sulphur Mine “Piaseczno” – vol. 1. Historical Query of 1958–2012, Geology and Hydrology of the Mine Region, Reclamation","authors":"R. Gawałkiewicz","doi":"10.4467/21995923GP.20.010.13075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/21995923GP.20.010.13075","url":null,"abstract":"Two post-mining excavations (relics of sulphur mining), nowadays filled with water are characteristic elements of the landscape in the Tarnobrzeg Region. They became historic and permanent trace of open-cast mining in Piaseczno (left bank of the Vistula River) in 1958–1971 and Machów (right bank of the Vistula River) in 1970–1992. The process of the reclamation of the excavation in Machów ended successfully and the water body became a popular place of leisure and recreation for the residents of the town and the vicinity. Unfortunately, in case of the excavation in Piaseczno, despite many years of liquidation and reclamation works, regaining utility values and ecological values in these areas has not been accomplished yet. There is still real risk of mass land movements of watered ground in the area above the water table, which limits the possibility of adapting the water body for any other purposes than retention and ecological reclamation. Despite short 13-years’ history of mining sulphur and nearly 10 years of mining the Baranów sands, the Sulphur Mine “Piaseczno” has interesting history, due to the mining activities (stages: exploitation, liquidation and reclamation) and the forces of nature, which make a serious problem in the process of completing the works to bring back the utilitarian values of the areas of already non-existing mining area. Based on the analysis and post-processing of the available archival cartographic materials while using information tool (Surfer, AutoCAD), it was possible to make detail parameters of the water body Piaseczno and prove the impact of reclamation works and natural phenomena (mass movements) on the shape of the lake bowl and water scarps of the excavation.","PeriodicalId":137315,"journal":{"name":"Geoinformatica Polonica","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130058458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of theoretical parameters used to forecast underground mining impacts to implement long-terms forecasts of underground mining impacts – case study","authors":"M. Kruczkowski","doi":"10.4467/21995923gp.20.004.12825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/21995923gp.20.004.12825","url":null,"abstract":"The paper is a case study of ground surface subsidence induced by a long-term mining of hard coal. Knothe prediction model is commonly used in Poland as a technique for prediction of the subsidence-related deformation of ground surface. The presented issue is related to assumptions about the value of the theory parameters in long-term forecasts on the impact of mining on the surface, which are included in the mine development plan. Incorrectly selected values can significantly influence the quality of deformation forecasts. The calculations presented in the article were made for the area where the exploitation of six coal seams lasted more than thirty years. At the same time, deformations of the surface were observed by means of geodetic measurements. Based on the subsidence curves of the observation line points over time, three periods of rock movement decrease were determined. The range of mining operations was determined for the periods of decreased rock movements. The parameters of Knothe’s model were identified on the basis of geodetic measurements for extracted coal seams. Parametric calculations were made for the increasing range of mining operations and for the ranges of operation between subsequent decreases in the movements of the rock mass. Identification of the parameters of the theory thus made it possible to trace changes in the parameter values for different mining ranges. Significant changes were noted for the parameter describing the dispersion of influence (tanβ), while changes in the coefficient of roof control are not significant and their value becomes stable after some time. As the extent of the mining exploitation was increasing, its influence on both parameters (tangent of angle of major influence – tanβ and coefficient of roof control ‘a’) were evaluated. The changes of tanβ values were found to be significant whereas the changes of the ‘a’ coefficient value are negligible and its value seems to be constant after the initial stage of mining.","PeriodicalId":137315,"journal":{"name":"Geoinformatica Polonica","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114902200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Apparent Displacement Method as a Tool in Leveling Data Processing Applied for Validated Determination of Ground Deformation","authors":"Z. Szczerbowski, R. Gawałkiewicz","doi":"10.4467/21995923GP.20.009.13074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/21995923GP.20.009.13074","url":null,"abstract":"Area of Inowrocław town is considered as tectonically active due to halotectonic movement of salt dipair situated there. The geodetic surveys carried out for the determination of terrain surface deformations over the years revealed characteristics of the movement. The evaluated vertical displacements based on measurements of benchmarks show different characteristics, depending on distant points assumed as reference benchmarks. This raises problems in analysis, interpretation of the results and decision makings in master planning. The authors demonstrate a method of adjustment calculations that minimize the inconsistencies between previously elaborated heights and inconsistencies of points considered as stabile benchmarks. Thanks to the new approach the point considered as reference were recognized as unstable. And for the others more consistent values of the displacements were obtained: several benchmarks demonstrated higher difference of displacement values in compare to the initial approach in adjustments ranging in the interval of –9 mm – +3 mm.","PeriodicalId":137315,"journal":{"name":"Geoinformatica Polonica","volume":"169 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123178444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Sky Disk of Nebra Reveals Its Secrets","authors":"W. Góral","doi":"10.4467/21995923GP.20.007.13072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/21995923GP.20.007.13072","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the method and results of decoding the content on the Sky Disk of Nebra. It has been shown that the symbols found on it, suggesting the Sun, the Moon and the solar barge are only geometric figures facilitating the recording of astronomical knowledge. The paper first defines a polar system on the horizon plane. This system describes the range of the directions of sunrise and sunset in the annual period and the Moon in the 18.61-year cycle. It turned out that astronomical knowledge was recorded on the surface of the disk on two planes: horizontal and perpendicular one (the meridian plane). With the help of geometric constructions located on the meridian plane, it was possible to decode the range of changes in the altitude (zenith distance) of the Sun in the annual period, at the time of its upper culmination. Also, using two different geometric structures, the range of changes in altitude (zenith distance) of the Moon at the time of its upper culmination in the 18.61-year cycle was decoded","PeriodicalId":137315,"journal":{"name":"Geoinformatica Polonica","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131267138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theoretical arc of goalkeeper position in team sports. Case study: football","authors":"A. Barańska, K. Eckes","doi":"10.4467/21995923gp.20.002.12823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/21995923gp.20.002.12823","url":null,"abstract":"The current position of the goalkeeper in football is a function of the course of action and each momentary position of the ball. The goalkeeper monitors the action and the place of a potential shot; however, this shot on goal is a random event. That is why it is so important to take a position in the closest goal area that takes account of the random nature of the ball’s direction. The basic principle of the strategy is to create equal opportunities for defence on the left and on the right. Using the language of geometry, this position can be placed on the bisector of the angle at which the goal can be seen from the potential shooting position. At the beginning of this research paper, the advantages associated with the goalkeeper slightly coming off the goal line along this bisector have been presented, as well as certain restrictions related. Further in the article, the task of determining the theoretical curve along which the goalkeeper should move has been undertaken. Geometrically correct, but unfavourable in practical terms, two circles, Cassini oval, a composition of the arcs of two circles and a segment of the straight line as well as the arc of the ellipse have been considered. In the second part of the paper, the point analysis of the goalkeeper’s position has been changed into real conditions – a defence zone equal to the goalkeeper’s arms’ reach has been taken into account. For these conditions, a curve has been determined, composed of two arcs of the circles and the arc of the ellipse. A detailed analysis has led to the conclusion that the discrepancy between such an arc and a homogeneous arc of the ellipse is practically negligible. Therefore, both arcs: the one composed of parts and the homogeneous one of the ellipse – can be accepted as rational and practically alternative. In this research paper, the problem has been analysed from the geometric point of view, taking into consideration a shot on goal that is a random event for the goalkeeper. The proposed theoretical goalkeeper arc ensures an optimal position, taking account of the shots coming from different directions, from the zone close to the penalty area.","PeriodicalId":137315,"journal":{"name":"Geoinformatica Polonica","volume":"317 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124294584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}