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Adsorptive remediation of wastewater pollutants using different nanomaterials 不同纳米材料对废水污染物的吸附修复
Scientific Inquiry and Review Pub Date : 2022-11-14 DOI: 10.32350/sir.64.06
Mubeen Ashraf, Amina Khan, Mubashar Alam, Tahreem Saleem, Jamshaid Ashraf
{"title":"Adsorptive remediation of wastewater pollutants using different nanomaterials","authors":"Mubeen Ashraf, Amina Khan, Mubashar Alam, Tahreem Saleem, Jamshaid Ashraf","doi":"10.32350/sir.64.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/sir.64.06","url":null,"abstract":"Water is an essential element for human resources. The contamination of water with toxic pollutants is the biggest global challenge. Water is contaminated with various toxic inorganic (heavy metals) and organic (dyes) pollutants. Water pollution is primarily created by human-made activities, including household, agricultural and industrial waste. Nanotechnology is promising to ensure safe and healthy drinking water. The review provides a brief overview of recent nanomaterials developments, such as their usage as nano adsorbents, for water treatment processes. Nanomaterials have high adsorption capacity due to their higher surface-to-volume ratio. The main focus of this review article is on the adsorptive remediation of water pollutants. Nanomaterials for adsorptive remediation of pollutants (heavy metals and dyes) are categorized as organic (carbon and graphene-based) and inorganic (metals and metals oxides-based) nanomaterials. They can be modified with different functional groups to increase their adsorption capacity. The adsorption capacity of nanomaterials to adsorb the pollutants depends on pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, and initial pollutants concentration. The nanomaterials provide a powerful alternative to conventional treatment approaches due to improved adsorption capacity. However, nanotechnology needs to overcome the environmental concerns and cost-effectiveness of nanomaterials. The regeneration and reuse of nanomaterials can enable it.","PeriodicalId":137307,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Inquiry and Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131024378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Extension of Some Common Fixed-Point Theorems in Neutrosophic Metric Spaces Via Control Function 中性度量空间中常用不动点定理的控制函数推广
Scientific Inquiry and Review Pub Date : 2022-09-15 DOI: 10.32350/sir.63.02
Usman Ali, Umar Ishtiaq, Zill E Shams, Khaleel Ahmad, Mohammad Irfan Haider, Muhammad Zeeshan Shafi
{"title":"Extension of Some Common Fixed-Point Theorems in Neutrosophic Metric Spaces Via Control Function","authors":"Usman Ali, Umar Ishtiaq, Zill E Shams, Khaleel Ahmad, Mohammad Irfan Haider, Muhammad Zeeshan Shafi","doi":"10.32350/sir.63.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/sir.63.02","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to prove some important fixed-point theorems in the context of the neutrosophic metric space, which is a generalization of the fuzzy Banach fixed-point theorem, by utilizing the control function. Also, certain fixed-point theorems in the G-complete neutrosophic metric space are proved and discussed by utilizing the alternating distance function (ADF) and defined neutrosophic -weak contraction. The current study supports the results with some non-trivial examples. Furthermore, it also supports the main result with an application of the Fredholm integral equation.","PeriodicalId":137307,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Inquiry and Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132812964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Existence and Convergence of Fixed points of Generalized alpha non-expensive mappings in metric spaces 度量空间中广义非昂贵映射不动点的存在性与收敛性
Scientific Inquiry and Review Pub Date : 2022-09-15 DOI: 10.32350/sir.63.01
Ali Asghar, M. R. Chowdhury, N. Muhammad, Muhammad Suhail Aslam
{"title":"Existence and Convergence of Fixed points of Generalized alpha non-expensive mappings in metric spaces","authors":"Ali Asghar, M. R. Chowdhury, N. Muhammad, Muhammad Suhail Aslam","doi":"10.32350/sir.63.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/sir.63.01","url":null,"abstract":"We give certain conditions about different kinds of mappings. These conditions willbe median of non-expansive mappings and quasi-non-expansive mappings. We will establish somefixed point results of some generalized non-expansive mappings in metric spaces. Moreover, wewill also establish few existence and convergence results about generalization of non-expansivemappings. Finally, we present some useful lemmas and propositions.","PeriodicalId":137307,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Inquiry and Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122112613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evaluation of Thrombolytic Potential of Elaeagnus rhamnoides (L.) A. Nelson 沙棘的溶栓潜力评价答:纳尔逊
Scientific Inquiry and Review Pub Date : 2022-09-15 DOI: 10.32350/sir.63.06
A. Rehman, S. Hussain, M. Ahmad, Muhammad Riaz, Muhammad Amin Abid, Tanzeela Gulab Shazady
{"title":"Evaluation of Thrombolytic Potential of Elaeagnus rhamnoides (L.) A. Nelson","authors":"A. Rehman, S. Hussain, M. Ahmad, Muhammad Riaz, Muhammad Amin Abid, Tanzeela Gulab Shazady","doi":"10.32350/sir.63.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/sir.63.06","url":null,"abstract":"Plants find a special significance in the field of medicine due to their therapeutic value. Thrombolytic agents play a crucial role in the treatment of numerous human diseases including atherothrombotic diseases, pulmonary embolism, and myocardial infarction. The current study  was performed to evaluate the thrombolytic potential of Elaeagnus rhamnoides (L.) A. Nelson (Sea buckthorn or SBT). The extract of leaves, stems, and berries of the investigated plant displayed 28%, 26%, and 44% blood clot lysis, respectively as compared to that of a standard thrombolytic agent namely streptokinase (59% lysis). The fruit extract of sea buckthorn was found to display higher thrombolytic potential as compared to that of its leaves and stem. It was concluded that the extract of leaves, stem, and berries  of SBT may find applications  in the future as a thrombolytic agent. The presence of important functional groups  for instance, alcohol, aldehyde, alkyne, alkene, amines, and ester in different ariel parts of  SBTwere verified by FTIR spectroscopy.","PeriodicalId":137307,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Inquiry and Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129147662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Phytoremediation of Lead Contaminated Soil Using Sorghum Plant in Association with Indigenous Microbes 高粱植物与本地微生物联合修复铅污染土壤
Scientific Inquiry and Review Pub Date : 2022-09-15 DOI: 10.32350/sir.63.05
Iqra Tabassum, Sumaira Mazhar, Beenish Sarfraz
{"title":"Phytoremediation of Lead Contaminated Soil Using Sorghum Plant in Association with Indigenous Microbes","authors":"Iqra Tabassum, Sumaira Mazhar, Beenish Sarfraz","doi":"10.32350/sir.63.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/sir.63.05","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy metals are discharged in large quantities in both land and water bodies, causing long-term damage to living organisms. Phytoremediation is an effective way to address this problem. The goal of this study was to identify how lead resistant microorganisms affect the growth of sorghum plant, both in the presence and absence of lead. For this purpose, lead resistant microbes were isolated to investigate the growth and concentration of lead in the sorghum plant. Isolated species were inoculated with lead containing media in different concentrations, such as 300, 400, 500, and 600 µg/ml concentrations. Highly lead resistant bacterial isolates were selected and inoculated with sorghum seeds under typical environmental conditions in small pots, with and without lead contamination (300 mg/Kg). In the presence of lead resistant bacteria, efficient growth was observed with less concentration of lead in the plants. Promising results were observed in the presence of GS3 and IS2 isolates. The current study showed that lead tolerant bacterial isolates are very helpful to degrade lead when grown with sorghum seeds. Furthermore, it also enhances the growth of sorghum plant.","PeriodicalId":137307,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Inquiry and Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115496057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evaluation of Various Carbonated Soft Drinks to Assess their Effects on Human Health 评价各种碳酸软饮料对人体健康的影响
Scientific Inquiry and Review Pub Date : 2022-09-15 DOI: 10.32350/sir.63.03
Aamir Ali, Muhammad Ayaz Afridi, Muhammad Mansoor, Waqas Chohan, Aasir Ali, Hafiz Muhammad Zaheer Afzal
{"title":"Evaluation of Various Carbonated Soft Drinks to Assess their Effects on Human Health","authors":"Aamir Ali, Muhammad Ayaz Afridi, Muhammad Mansoor, Waqas Chohan, Aasir Ali, Hafiz Muhammad Zaheer Afzal","doi":"10.32350/sir.63.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/sir.63.03","url":null,"abstract":"Sugar, citric acid, phosphoric acid, and caffeine are extensively present in soft drinks. The high concentrations of these elements have harmful effects on human health. A series of nine carbonated drinks namely Pepsi, Mountain Dew, 7-up, Mirinda, Coca cola, Sprite, Fanta, Amrat cola, and Amrat lemon were collected from the open market of Peshawar, Pakistan. Various physicochemical parameters were measured to evaluate the quality of the collected drinks. Brix (Total dissolved solids) were found to be 11.40, 11.90, 10.70, 12.90, 10.37, 10.0, 13.00, 10.6, and 10.20% in Pepsi, Mountain Dew, 7-up, Mirinda, Coca-cola, Sprite, Fanta, Amrat cola, and Amrat lemon, respectively. CO2 gas volume (G. V) was found to be 3.60, 3.20, 3.70, 1.80, 3.80, 3.80, 1.80, 3.80, and 3.70 G.V in Pepsi, Mountain Dew, 7-up, Mirinda, Coca-cola Sprite Fanta, Amrat cola, and Amrat lemon, respectively. Caffeine was found only in Pepsi, Coca cola, Amrat cola, and Mountain Dew, having a concentration of 103, 105, 109, and 146 mg/L, respectively. Pepsi, Coca cola, and Amrat cola were free of citric acid. The citric acid amounts were 1337.6, 1459.2, 1816.32, 1196.8, 1664, and 1216 mg/L in Mountain Dew, 7-up, Mirinda, Sprite, Fanta, and Amrat lemon, respectively. Phosphoric acid was found only in Pepsi, Coca cola, and Amrat cola, in the amounts of 583.1, 490, and 588 mg/L, respectively. It is concluded that the frequent use of carbonated soft drinks (CSD) could cause serious health damage.","PeriodicalId":137307,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Inquiry and Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114849108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Recent Developments regarding Lacunary ∆-Statistical Convergence in Neutrosophic n-Normed Linear Spaces 中性n赋范线性空间中空洞∆-统计收敛的最新进展
Scientific Inquiry and Review Pub Date : 2022-09-15 DOI: 10.32350/sir.63.04
J. Maduraiveeran, S. Satheesh Kanna, B. Silamparasan, J. Johnsy
{"title":"Recent Developments regarding Lacunary ∆-Statistical Convergence in Neutrosophic n-Normed Linear Spaces","authors":"J. Maduraiveeran, S. Satheesh Kanna, B. Silamparasan, J. Johnsy","doi":"10.32350/sir.63.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/sir.63.04","url":null,"abstract":"The current paper's goal is to introduce lacunary ∆-statistically convergent andlacunary ∆-statistically Cauchy sequences in neutrosophic n-normed linear spaces, examinethem and come to some significant conclusions about them. Also, we prove several usefulresults for these notions. We demonstrate how sequences in this space have some characteristicswith lacunary ∆-statistical convergence of real sequences. In contrast to other related works, we define the concept of convergence of a sequence in neutrosophic n-normed linear spaces in this study. We have also established the results using a new methodology. Additionally, we provide some novel descriptions for lacunarysequences that are ∆-statistically convergent and Cauchy. We demonstrate some inclusionresults between the set of ∆-statistically convergent and lacunary ∆-statistically convergentsequences in neutrosophic n-normed linear spaces by generalizing the concepts for complex number sequences.","PeriodicalId":137307,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Inquiry and Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127477772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Numerical Analysis of Varicella Zoster Virus with Vaccination 接种水痘带状疱疹病毒的数值分析
Scientific Inquiry and Review Pub Date : 2022-06-25 DOI: 10.32350/sir.62.06
M. Rafiq, Zafar Ullah Khan, Fazal dayan
{"title":"Numerical Analysis of Varicella Zoster Virus with Vaccination","authors":"M. Rafiq, Zafar Ullah Khan, Fazal dayan","doi":"10.32350/sir.62.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/sir.62.06","url":null,"abstract":"Chickenpox is caused by varicella-zoster-virus (VZV). VZZ is DNA virus of the group of herpes that is transferred by direct contact with infected individuals. A VZV model is studied in this article. An NSFD scheme is used to obtain the numerical solution of the studied model. The stability and consistency of the developed scheme are discussed. The simulation results are presented. The developed scheme gives reliable estimations in order to describe the studied SVEIR model of VZV.","PeriodicalId":137307,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Inquiry and Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117268601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
CD4 Count and Viral Load and their effect on antiretroviral therapy in different genders of HIV patients, in Punjab Pakistan 巴基斯坦旁遮普不同性别HIV患者CD4计数和病毒载量及其对抗逆转录病毒治疗的影响
Scientific Inquiry and Review Pub Date : 2022-06-25 DOI: 10.32350/sir.62.05
Huma Shafique, Samavia Siddique, H. Javed
{"title":"CD4 Count and Viral Load and their effect on antiretroviral therapy in different genders of HIV patients, in Punjab Pakistan","authors":"Huma Shafique, Samavia Siddique, H. Javed","doi":"10.32350/sir.62.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/sir.62.05","url":null,"abstract":"The global epidemic of HIV is caused by HIV type 1, which is dominant in Pakistan. In HIV type 1, increased morbidity and mortality is because of the progressive damage of CD4 T cell.  Approximately 2 million people are infected with HIV type 1 infection through sexual route. The life expectancy of people living with HIV is increased by using combined antiretroviral therapy (CRT). Now a days less people living with HIV die due to AIDS associated cancer and opportunistic infections. The use of a combination of three or more ART drugs (Antiretroviral drugs) to treat HIV infection is referred as antiretroviral treatment or therapy. In our study we check the CD4 count of HIV patients who are taking antiretroviral treatment to evaluate their immune status. CD4 count is very crucial marker of prognosis of disease in HIV/AIDS patients because CD4 cells are paradoxically non-tolerant to HIV, but resting CD4 cells predominantly support viral persistence under antiretroviral therapy.","PeriodicalId":137307,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Inquiry and Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127358104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cubic Intuitionistic Fuzzy Soft Set and it's Distance Measures 三次直觉模糊软集及其距离测度
Scientific Inquiry and Review Pub Date : 2022-06-20 DOI: 10.32350/sir.62.04
M. Saqlain
{"title":"Cubic Intuitionistic Fuzzy Soft Set and it's Distance Measures","authors":"M. Saqlain","doi":"10.32350/sir.62.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/sir.62.04","url":null,"abstract":"To deal with vagueness, falsity, attributive values and inconsistency, we introduce the cubic intuitionistic fuzzy soft set (CIFS-set) which is the extension of the cubic intuitionistic fuzzy set and propose distance measure, Hamming distance, Euclidean distance and separation measures of CIFS-set. Moreover, we present aggregate operator (P-union, R-intersection) of CIFS-sets. The proposed CIFS-set is more reliable, efficient and accurate. In future MCDM and MCGDM techniques can be propoed to deal with real life issues, and also this CIFS-set can be extended for its hybrids.","PeriodicalId":137307,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Inquiry and Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131105188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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