{"title":"Dynamic network reconfiguration for medium voltage system automation","authors":"C. Booth, J. McDonald, P. Verster","doi":"10.1109/TDC.1999.756143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.1999.756143","url":null,"abstract":"The reconfiguration of MV (11 kV) distribution networks is typically executed manually. Reconfiguration is necessary for a number of reasons, including the restoration of supply to consumers following fault events and for removing plant from service for the purposes of maintenance and refurbishment. The system described determines all switching plans effecting restoration of supply to parts of the network which have been isolated following a fault on a section of the network. Each switching plan, or reconfiguration option, is evaluated in terms of its electrical effects on the network and the optimal option is thus determined, using calculated post-reconfiguration electrical effects of each plan. It is proposed that the functionality of the system described in this paper could be integrated within a distribution automation scheme, resulting in several advantages for both the supplier and consumers. The algorithm employed in the system described in this paper is readily scaleable, as the search routines employed within the algorithm terminates at supply points in the network and the electrical analysis of the proposed network reconfiguration operations are intentionally simplified. In the UK context supply points would typically be the 33/11 kV primary substations. Accordingly, the search space does not become unmanageable and a large system is easily divisible into individual areas supplied by one (or more) primary substation(s). The system described in this paper has been applied to actual data from a UK Regional Electricity Company, and examples of the system's operation are included in the paper.","PeriodicalId":137272,"journal":{"name":"1999 IEEE Transmission and Distribution Conference (Cat. No. 99CH36333)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122742698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Economical optimization of conductor selection in planning radial distribution networks","authors":"S. Islam, M. Ghani","doi":"10.1109/TDC.1999.756162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.1999.756162","url":null,"abstract":"A new computer algorithm and program is presented for selection of optimal conductor type and size for each feeder segment. An acceptable voltage profile is maintained along the entire feeder of the network while obtaining an objective of minimizing the total cost, which consists of capital investment and cost of feeder losses, etc. Node numbering scheme and node connection sequence selection have been proposed to determine the node current and voltage drop for each individual node and termination end of each feeder branches and power loss of each segment of the feeder. If the conductor size available fail to satisfy the user defined constraints the designer can rerun the program after making the relevant changes to the inventory database. The proposed method has been successfully applied in the solution of an example of distribution network that is presented.","PeriodicalId":137272,"journal":{"name":"1999 IEEE Transmission and Distribution Conference (Cat. No. 99CH36333)","volume":"259 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123075846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Study of the viscoelastic behavior of cold-shrinkable joints for MV cables","authors":"J. Cardinaels, P. Heuillet, P. Meyer","doi":"10.1109/TDC.1999.755323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.1999.755323","url":null,"abstract":"A new technology to joint medium voltage cables has been introduced in recent years: cold-shrinkable joints are gradually replacing premolded slip-on and heat-shrink type products. One of the key concerns on the functioning of such products is about the ability to shrink onto the cable insulation after long periods of storage time. The viscoelastic properties of the materials used in cold-shrinkable joints determine the evolution of the shrinkage behavior with storage conditions and of the pressure on the cable after installation. These material properties were measured. A measuring device was developed to read directly the pressure of the joint on the cable as function of time and it was used to assess the effects of storage and installation conditions.","PeriodicalId":137272,"journal":{"name":"1999 IEEE Transmission and Distribution Conference (Cat. No. 99CH36333)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131615680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Advances in TR-XLPE insulation","authors":"P.J. Caronia, J. S. Furno, K. Pang, S. Szaniszló","doi":"10.1109/TDC.1999.755316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.1999.755316","url":null,"abstract":"TR-XLPE is widely accepted within North America as the MV power cable insulation material of choice due to its superior long-life performance and excellent value. Since the introduction of TR-XLPE in 1982, evolutionary and sometimes revolutionary improvements have been made by both the compound producer and cable manufacturer leading to enhanced cable performance and greater value to the power industry. For example, determined efforts by both compound producers and cable manufacturers over the past 20 years have led to dramatic improvements in compound and cable cleanliness and interface quality through advancements in contamination detection, compound production process, additive and resin quality, materials handling as well as in the cable manufacturing process with the advent of true-triple extrusion and dry cure crosslinking. These improvements have resulted in longer life cables based on accelerated wet electrical cable tests and as evidenced in actual field life. Most recently, TR-XLPE compound technology advances have resulted in a material that is easier for the cable manufacturer to process and somewhat easier for utilities to handle. Specific benefits of the recent advances include improved compound extrusion processability via enhanced scorch retardance and easier semicon strippability from the TR-XLPE, while maintaining the superior electrical performance that the industry has come to expect from TR-XLPE.","PeriodicalId":137272,"journal":{"name":"1999 IEEE Transmission and Distribution Conference (Cat. No. 99CH36333)","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128050848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Partial discharge measurements in distribution class extruded cables","authors":"N. Ahmed, N. Srinivas","doi":"10.1109/TDC.1999.755314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.1999.755314","url":null,"abstract":"Several distribution-class extruded-cables subjected to laboratory-accelerated aging were examined for partial discharges (PD). The cables were subjected to different load cycling while fully immersed in water to obtain different aging conditions. PD initiated in these cables was measured at rated and at elevated voltages. Correlation between the PD-signature and the insulation-defects type was examined. This was achieved by comparing the PD frequency, magnitude and phase angles of different insulation defects. Correlation between the PD level and AC breakdown voltage of these cables also is presented in this paper. The same investigations also were repeated on several cables removed from service after 15-20 years of service. Correlation between the PD levels and the cable remaining life also was investigated.","PeriodicalId":137272,"journal":{"name":"1999 IEEE Transmission and Distribution Conference (Cat. No. 99CH36333)","volume":"368 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132741575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Characteristics of transformer parameters during internal winding faults based on experimental measurements","authors":"P. Palmer-Buckle, K. Butler, N. Sarma","doi":"10.1109/TDC.1999.756166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.1999.756166","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes in detail, field experiments performed on a single-phase, distribution transformer to study the behavior of transformer terminal parameters during internal winding faults. A custom-built transformer provided with external taps was used for these tests. The taps were used to stage various internal winding faults in the transformer. Terminal values of voltages and currents were monitored and the results presented. A comparison of these results with simulation results is also presented.","PeriodicalId":137272,"journal":{"name":"1999 IEEE Transmission and Distribution Conference (Cat. No. 99CH36333)","volume":"393 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131988708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An alternative method for testing transient response of protective current transformers","authors":"J.L. Dampe, C.D. Arrojo","doi":"10.1109/TDC.1999.755356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.1999.755356","url":null,"abstract":"Transient behaviour of protective current transformers is of critical importance from the view-point of power system's performance. International standards prescribe direct testing of transient response of this kind of transformer. Sometimes, when we have to test units designed for big systems, it becomes rather difficult to obtain the necessary time constants in medium power laboratories, especially in low voltage ones. With the purpose of overcoming these difficulties, the authors present an alternative method of testing, exciting the transformer from its primary with a power frequency current of the required value, but with lower than needed time constant, with the addition of a DC current injected into the secondary, so as to obtain the nominal transient flux. Methods of calculation to determine the required amount of DC current are outlined. Theoretical considerations and experimental evidence are presented in the body of the article.","PeriodicalId":137272,"journal":{"name":"1999 IEEE Transmission and Distribution Conference (Cat. No. 99CH36333)","volume":"103 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133173886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Implementation of a transient energy method for directional detection in numerical distance relays","authors":"A. Apostolov","doi":"10.1109/TDC.1999.755382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.1999.755382","url":null,"abstract":"Changes in the operating conditions in today's dynamic power systems environment imposes greater demands on the protective relays for transmission and bulk lines. Heavy load currents, series compensated lines, reduced fault clearing time requirements and adaptation to rapidly changing system conditions are just some of the challenges that modern transmission line protective relays have to resolve. Conventional operating principles for directional detection, based on negative or zero sequence voltages or currents polarization in some cases do not satisfy the requirements for improved sensitivity and fast operation under varying system conditions. A method for directional detection based on the transient energy phenomena is presented in the paper. The method uses superimposed components derived from pre-fault and fault current and voltage samples. Three phase power is then calculated on a per sample basis and then integrated for several consecutive samples to determine the transient energy and its sign.","PeriodicalId":137272,"journal":{"name":"1999 IEEE Transmission and Distribution Conference (Cat. No. 99CH36333)","volume":"223 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133373198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of electrical soil properties on electric fields around EHV transmission lines","authors":"M. A. Abd-Allah","doi":"10.1109/TDC.1999.756140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.1999.756140","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the effect of the electrical properties of soil, permittivity and conductivity, on the electric field values around EHV transmission lines. Also, this paper studies the effect of soil thickness on the field values. The assessment of such electric fields is based on the charge simulation technique with complex fictitious charges. A simultaneous combinations of finite realistic earth conductivity and permittivity are considered, The field values obtained by this technique are compared with those obtained by using a boundary element method. Also, a comparative study is done between the field values obtained by this technique and those obtained by measurements.","PeriodicalId":137272,"journal":{"name":"1999 IEEE Transmission and Distribution Conference (Cat. No. 99CH36333)","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114329710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Protection scheme for a new AC railway traction power system","authors":"T. Sezi, F. Menter","doi":"10.1109/TDC.1999.755383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.1999.755383","url":null,"abstract":"The new, 160 mile long Amtrak Northeast Corridor railway electrification project has four supply substations that connect 115 kV utility power to the 55 kV single-phase, AC traction power system. Eighteen autotransformer-paralleling stations are spaced along the route. Each autotransformer connects the overhead catenary to an auxiliary feeder line, with the rails tied to an intermediate point of the autotransformer. Each train draws power from two adjoining autotransformers. The protection scheme includes distance protection for the catenary and feeder lines, transformer protection for the power transformers and autotransformers, plus bus protection and backup protection. The protection scheme uses a specialized type of numerical distance protection relay optimized for railway traction systems. In the event of a fault on the protected part of the line, a trip occurs and the relay calculates the distance to the fault. All the autotransformers within that distance are automatically disconnected, and the relay attempts a reclose. If the reclose is successful, the autotransformers are reconnected.","PeriodicalId":137272,"journal":{"name":"1999 IEEE Transmission and Distribution Conference (Cat. No. 99CH36333)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126181050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}