International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering最新文献

{"title":"A Physics-Informed Neural Network Model for the Anisotropic Hyperelasticity of the Human Passive Myocardium","authors":"Osman Gültekin,&nbsp;Ahmad Moeineddin,&nbsp;Barış Cansız,&nbsp;Krunoslav Sveric,&nbsp;Axel Linke,&nbsp;Michael Kaliske","doi":"10.1002/nme.70067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.70067","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this article, we present a model of Physics-informed Neural Networks (PINNs) for predicting the anisotropic hyperelastic behavior of the human passive myocardium. PINNs adhere to the governing equations and the boundary conditions by integrating physical laws into the neural network architecture. They are used for forward and inverse simulations under non-standard, complex geometries and loading conditions. The first example features a plane strain shear test, a common protocol in soft tissue mechanics, where we provide a comprehensive comparison of three different total loss functions—namely, the minimization of the PDEs, the total potential energy, or a combination of both—for forward problems as a surrogate to finite element analysis (FEA). The second example deals with a patient-specific geometry of basal myocardium—obtained from cardiac magnetic resonance imaging—for forward and inverse analyses. Key findings reveal that apart from the accurately predicted primary fields, that is, displacements, the inverse design also provides a true estimate of the anisotropic material parameters from ground truth data obtained from experiments or FEA. Limitations remain in the performance of PINNs for forward simulations of the 2D basal myocardium, particularly with respect to computational demands and sensitivity to network architecture and hyperparameters. Despite challenges in accurately predicting secondary fields, for example, stresses, PINNs demonstrate their potential for inverse simulations, particularly in identifying anisotropic constitutive parameters that can be used in the case of noisy or incomplete datasets in future biomechanical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":13699,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering","volume":"126 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/nme.70067","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144598670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spacetime Wavelet Method for the Solution of Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations","authors":"Cody D. Cochran,&nbsp;Karel Matouš","doi":"10.1002/nme.70076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.70076","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We propose a high-order spacetime wavelet method for the solution of nonlinear partial differential equations with a user-prescribed accuracy. The technique utilizes wavelet theory with a priori error estimates to discretize the problem in both the spatial and temporal dimensions simultaneously. We also propose a novel wavelet-based recursive algorithm to reduce the system sensitivity stemming from steep initial and/or boundary conditions. The resulting nonlinear equations are solved using the Newton–Raphson method. We parallelize the construction of the tangent operator along with the solution of the system of algebraic equations. We perform rigorous verification studies using the nonlinear Burgers' equation. The application of the method is demonstrated by solving the Sod shock tube problem using the Navier–Stokes equations. The numerical results of the method reveal high-order convergence rates for the function as well as its spatial and temporal derivatives. We solve multiscale problems with steep gradients in both the spatial and temporal directions with a priori error estimates.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13699,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering","volume":"126 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144582272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enriched \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 C\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 1\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Finite Elements for Crack Problems in Simplified Strain Gradient Elasticity","authors":"Yury Solyaev,&nbsp;Vasiliy Dobryanskiy","doi":"10.1002/nme.70081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.70081","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We present a new type of triangular <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>C</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mn>1</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ {C}^1 $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> finite element developed for plane strain crack problems within the framework of simplified strain gradient elasticity (SGE). The finite element space incorporates a conventional fifth-degree polynomial interpolation originally developed for plate bending problems and later adopted for SGE. Enrichment is performed by adding near-field analytic SGE solutions for crack problems, preserving <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>C</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mn>1</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ {C}^1 $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> continuity of interpolation at the mesh nodes. This allows us an accurate representation of strain and stress fields near the crack tip and enables direct calculation of the amplitude factors of the SGE asymptotic solution, along with the corresponding value of the J-integral (energy release rate). The improved convergence of the proposed formulation is demonstrated for mode I and mode II problems. Size effects on the amplitude factors and the J-integral are also evaluated. It is found that the amplitude factors of the SGE asymptotic solution exhibit a linear dependence on crack size for relatively large cracks.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13699,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering","volume":"126 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144573620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An a Posteriori Error Estimator for the Generalized Finite Element Method With Global-Local Enrichments in Fracture Mechanics","authors":"Gabriela M. Fonseca,&nbsp;Felício B. Barros,&nbsp;Rafael M. Lins","doi":"10.1002/nme.70079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.70079","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This work presents, for the first time, an a posteriori error estimator specifically developed for the Generalized Finite Element Method with Global-Local Enrichments (<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mtext>GFEM</mtext>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>g</mi>\u0000 <mi>l</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ {mathrm{GFEM}}^{gl} $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>). The proposed estimator is built upon a recovery procedure originally formulated for the Generalized/eXtended Finite Element Method (G/XFEM), where a recovered stress field is computed using a block-diagonal system of equations. Designed for 2D Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics problems, the estimator effectively evaluates errors in the energy norm at both the local and global scales of <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mtext>GFEM</mtext>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>g</mi>\u0000 <mi>l</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ {mathrm{GFEM}}^{gl} $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>, accounting for the particularities of its enrichment strategy. Additionally, this study incorporates the stable version of <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mtext>GFEM</mtext>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>g</mi>\u0000 <mi>l</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ {mathrm{GFEM}}^{gl} $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> (<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mtext>SGFEM</mtext>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>g</mi>\u0000 <mi>l</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ {mathrm{SGFEM}}^{gl} $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>) to improve convergence and accuracy in the approximate solution. Numerical results, considering variations in the local domain size within a mixed-mode problem, validate the efficiency and reliability of the proposed error estimator. Effectivity, indices close to unity and precise error distributions confirm the robustness of the approach, even in scenarios with elevated error levels.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13699,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering","volume":"126 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144573618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Control Variates Method to Estimate Stochastic Buckling Loads","authors":"Marc Fina,&nbsp;Marcos A. Valdebenito,&nbsp;Werner Wagner,&nbsp;Matteo Broggi,&nbsp;Steffen Freitag,&nbsp;Matthias G. R. Faes,&nbsp;Michael Beer","doi":"10.1002/nme.70070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.70070","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Buckling is the most significant failure mode for thin-walled structures. In particular, geometric imperfections have a major influence on the buckling behavior. These spatially correlated imperfections are inherently random and can be modeled using random fields. Therefore, computationally expensive probabilistic buckling analyses have to be performed. For some structures, a linear pre-buckling behavior can be observed. In this case, the stability point can be calculated with a linear buckling analysis, which is widely used in engineering practice. However, the results of linear buckling analyses strongly differ from the correct buckling load in the case of a non-linear pre-buckling behavior. Then, a non-linear buckling analysis is required, which is computationally expensive for probabilistic safety assessments based on Monte Carlo simulations. This paper aims to estimate the second-order statistics of buckling loads for thin-walled structures exhibiting strongly non-linear pre-buckling behavior. The estimation leverages existing correlations between the outcomes of linear and non-linear buckling analyses. The proposed approach utilizes the framework of Control Variates, wherein the more expensive analysis (non-linear buckling analysis) is run a few times only, while the cheaper linear buckling analysis is run a considerable number of times. The proposed method is demonstrated on a variety of structures, including a folded plate with multiple types of stability points, a composite shell panel, and a cylinder with random geometric imperfections. In these numerical examples, stochastic buckling analysis using Control Variates is approximately 1.5 to 2.6 times faster than classical Monte Carlo simulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":13699,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering","volume":"126 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/nme.70070","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144573619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Stabilized High-Order Spectral Model With Adaptive Residual-Based Artificial Viscosity for Fully-Nonlinear Free-Surface Flow","authors":"Longfei Cong,&nbsp;Bin Teng,&nbsp;Wei Bai,&nbsp;Zaijin You","doi":"10.1002/nme.70078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.70078","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the present work, a stabilized High-Order Spectral (HOS) model with adaptive residual-based artificial viscosity (RAV) has been developed for performance enhancement in fully-nonlinear free-surface flow simulation. To suppress the numerical instability caused by the nonlinear wave-wave interactions, that is, the nonlinear mode-coupling between eigen-modes, with an explicit time-domain integrator, additional estimations about the numerical residuals of free-surface elevation and free-surface potential with their backward histories have been carried out for stability-indicating and artificial viscous terms have been suggested to balance such unphysical energy-accumulation, especially for under-resolved wave components. Upon the normalized free-surface residuals as the scales of artificial viscosity, an even-order dissipation term has been assembled for energy suppression. To retain the overall explicit algorithm, such additional dissipation has been considered in an operator-splitting manner. For the proposed dissipation algorithm, it has been shown that the present residual-based artificial energy-suppression holds the spectral-vanishing property because of its wave-number-related normalization in wave-number space. With such spectral normalization, the dissipation for the lower-wave-number well-resolved wave components has been well-controlled with the increase of dissipation order. Compared with the commonly used spectral-filtering-based stabilization algorithm, where the energy suppression within single-step free-surface prediction shows independence from the temporal increment (<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>δ</mi>\u0000 <mi>t</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ delta t $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>), the developed residual-based algorithm holds a solution-adaptive property, leading to an enhanced convergence performance of the free-surface model with its stabilization term tightly coupled to <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>δ</mi>\u0000 <mi>t</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ delta t $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>. To check the performance of the present RAV-HOS model, a series of classical benchmarks, both numerical and experimental, have been reproduced, and a HOS-based Numerical-Wave-Tank (HOS-NWT) has been built as a preparation for our further investigations into wave-wave and wave-structure interactions. With the confirmation of both robustness and accuracy of the proposed stabilized HOS model, a promising prospect for its further application in oceanic, offshore, and marine engineering as an efficient free-surface simulator has been expected.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13699,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering","volume":"126 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144551135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contact and Geometric Nonlinearities Topology Optimization Constrained With Stress","authors":"Bin Wang,&nbsp;Jiantao Bai,&nbsp;Wenjie Zuo","doi":"10.1002/nme.70077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.70077","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Contact problems exist extensively in engineering. Many researchers focus on the stiffness design of contact structures, which may lead to the low-strength. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel topology optimization method considering contact and geometric nonlinearities constrained with stress. The frictional surface-to-surface contact algorithm is established by using the Coulomb friction law and penalty method. A nonlinear topology optimization model is established with the volume fraction as objective function and the stress as constraint, which realizes the lightweight design of the contact structures. The sensitivity information is derived by using the adjoint method. Several numerical examples compare the effects of different p-norm stress constraints, different friction coefficients, and different filter radii. It demonstrates that the proposed method can effectively control the maximum stress and reduce the weight of the contact structures under large deformation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13699,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering","volume":"126 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144551132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Computational Comparison of Variational Formulations for the Direct Solution of Hybrid Elastography Inverse Problems","authors":"Quinn T. Kolt,&nbsp;Olalekan A. Babaniyi","doi":"10.1002/nme.70072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.70072","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We consider the inverse problem of reconstructing the complex shear modulus distribution within an object from measurements of the displacement field within that object. This problem is motivated by applications in the dynamic elastography field, where the shear modulus is used for noninvasive detection and diagnosis of various diseases. The displacements are assumed to obey a scalar wave model. We extend previously proposed direct error in constitutive equations (DECE) and equation error (EE) formulations to the scalar wave inverse problem, and compare them to each other and three other direct methods for the same problem. All the methods considered perform well in some scenarios. Only DECE and EE perform well in all scenarios considered. In particular, only DECE and EE methods can accurately reconstruct both continuous and discontinuous modulus fields in the presence of noise.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13699,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering","volume":"126 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144551133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flow Control Mechanism Investigation on Prepositive Elliptical Wing-Main Wing Composite Configuration Based on Mode Decomposition","authors":"Xuan Bai,&nbsp;Hao Zhan,&nbsp;Xiaotong Tan,&nbsp;Junyao Zhang,&nbsp;Baigang Mi","doi":"10.1002/nme.70075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.70075","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The composite design of the prepositive elliptical wing-main wing configuration suppresses the flow separation on the main wing by harnessing the beneficial interference of airflow between the two wings. Employing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and optimization technologies, the two-dimensional composite configuration enhances the overall lift-drag ratio by a remarkable value of 112.24% compared to the baseline airfoil at an angle of attack of 18°, with a 74.41% increase in the time-averaged lift-drag ratio during a pitch oscillation period. To decipher the underlying flow control principles, numerical simulation-derived transient flow field snapshots are analyzed through the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and dynamic mode decomposition (DMD). For the static conditions, the vortex shedding from the elliptical wing is critical in achieving the desired flow control effects. A necessary prerequisite for the effective creation of this vortex is the slit created between the main wing and the elliptical wing. For the dynamic conditions, the airflow acceleration facilitated by the slit is the predominant factor in the flow control effectiveness of the composite configuration. The vortex shedding that takes place downstream of the elliptical wing complements this primary effect, contributing as a secondary mechanism to the overall flow control. These results reveal the distinct mechanisms behind the flow control of the composite configuration under static and dynamic stall conditions and provide a theoretical foundation for this innovative approach to flow control.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13699,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering","volume":"126 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144551131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamically Regularized Lagrange Multiplier Method for the Cahn-Hilliard-Navier-Stokes System","authors":"Cao-Kha Doan,&nbsp;Thi-Thao-Phuong Hoang,&nbsp;Lili Ju,&nbsp;Rihui Lan","doi":"10.1002/nme.70074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.70074","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper is concerned with efficient and accurate numerical schemes for the Cahn-Hilliard-Navier-Stokes phase field model of binary immiscible fluids. By introducing two Lagrange multipliers for each of the Cahn-Hilliard and Navier-Stokes parts, we reformulate the original model problem into an equivalent system that incorporates the energy evolution process. Such a nonlinear, coupled system is then discretized in time using first- and second-order backward differentiation formulas, in which all nonlinear terms are treated explicitly and no extra stabilization term is imposed. The proposed dynamically regularized Lagrange multiplier (DRLM) schemes are mass-conserving and unconditionally energy-stable with respect to the original variables. In addition, the schemes are fully decoupled: Each time step involves solving two biharmonic-type equations and two generalized linear Stokes systems, together with two nonlinear algebraic equations for the Lagrange multipliers. A key feature of the DRLM schemes is the introduction of the regularization parameters which ensure the unique determination of the Lagrange multipliers and mitigate the time step size constraint without affecting the accuracy of the numerical solution, especially when the interfacial width is small. Various numerical experiments are presented to illustrate the accuracy and robustness of the proposed DRLM schemes in terms of convergence, mass conservation, and energy stability.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13699,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering","volume":"126 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144551134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}