ARCH@CPSWeekPub Date : 2017-06-27DOI: 10.29007/92bd
Christof J. Budnik, S. Eckl, M. Gario
{"title":"Testbed for Model-based Verification of Cyber-physical Production Systems","authors":"Christof J. Budnik, S. Eckl, M. Gario","doi":"10.29007/92bd","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29007/92bd","url":null,"abstract":"Cyber-physical production systems (CPPS) build a network of industrial automation components and systems to enable individualized products at mass production costs. Failures or vulnerabilities in CPPS can be life threatening and can cause physical damage while hiding the effects from monitors. Thus, software verification and validation methods need to analyze the dynamics and behavior of CPPS. In this work, we present a hybrid testbed used in Siemens Corporate Technology. The testbed combines a physical CPPS together with its virtual simulated counterpart, allowing us to verify the system using runtime monitoring, model-based testing, simulation and formal techniques.","PeriodicalId":136799,"journal":{"name":"ARCH@CPSWeek","volume":"195 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132696929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ARCH@CPSWeekPub Date : 2017-06-27DOI: 10.29007/kcrp
Xin Chen, Souradeep Dutta, S. Sankaranarayanan
{"title":"Formal Verification of a Multi-Basal Insulin Infusion Control Model","authors":"Xin Chen, Souradeep Dutta, S. Sankaranarayanan","doi":"10.29007/kcrp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29007/kcrp","url":null,"abstract":"The artificial pancreas concept automates the delivery of insulin to patients with type-1 diabetes, sensing the blood glucose levels through a continuous glucose monitor (CGM) and using an insulin infusion pump to deliver insulin. Formally verifying control algorithms against physiological models of the patient is an important challenge. In this paper, we present a case study of a simple hybrid multi-basal control system that switches to different preset insulin delivery rates over various ranges of blood glucose levels. We use the DallaMan model for modeling the physiology of the patient and a hybrid automaton model of the controller. First, we reduce the problem state space and replace nonpolynomial terms by approximations with very small errors in order to simplify the model. Nevertheless, the model still remains nonlinear with up to 9 state variables. Reachability analysis on this hybrid model is used to verify that the blood glucose levels remain within a safe range overnight. This poses challenges, including (a) the model exhibits many discrete jumps in a relatively small time interval, and (b) the entire time horizon corresponding to a full night is 720 minutes, wherein the controller time period is 5 minutes. To overcome these difficulties, we propose methods to effectively handle timetriggered jumps and merge flowpipes over the same time interval. The evaluation shows that the performance can be improved with the new techniques.","PeriodicalId":136799,"journal":{"name":"ARCH@CPSWeek","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116408178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ARCH@CPSWeekPub Date : 2017-06-27DOI: 10.29007/n3km
Goran Frehse, A. Abate, D. Adzkiya, Lei Bu, Mirco Giacobbe, M. S. Mufid, E. Zaffanella
{"title":"ARCH-COMP17 Category Report: Hybrid Systems with Piecewise Constant Dynamics","authors":"Goran Frehse, A. Abate, D. Adzkiya, Lei Bu, Mirco Giacobbe, M. S. Mufid, E. Zaffanella","doi":"10.29007/n3km","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29007/n3km","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":136799,"journal":{"name":"ARCH@CPSWeek","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131624783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ARCH@CPSWeekPub Date : 2017-06-27DOI: 10.29007/dwj1
Stanley Bak, Parasara Sridhar Duggirala
{"title":"Direct Verification of Linear Systems with over 10000 Dimensions","authors":"Stanley Bak, Parasara Sridhar Duggirala","doi":"10.29007/dwj1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29007/dwj1","url":null,"abstract":"We evaluate a recently-proposed reachability method on a set of high-dimensional linear system benchmarks taken from model order reduction and presented in ARCH 2016. The approach uses a state-set representation called a generalized star set and the principle of superposition of linear systems to achieve scalability. The method was previously shown to have promise in terms of scalability for direct analysis of large linear systems. For each benchmark, we also compare computing the basis matrix, a core part of the reachability method, using numerical simulations versus a matrix exponential formulation. The approach successfully analyzes systems with hundreds of dimensions in minutes, and can scale to systems that have over 10000 dimensions with a computation time ranging from tens of minutes to tens of hours, depending on the desired time step.","PeriodicalId":136799,"journal":{"name":"ARCH@CPSWeek","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121196982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ARCH@CPSWeekPub Date : 2017-06-27DOI: 10.29007/8xk7
O. Beg, A. Davoudi, Taylor T. Johnson
{"title":"Reachability Analysis of Transformer-Isolated DC-DC Converters","authors":"O. Beg, A. Davoudi, Taylor T. Johnson","doi":"10.29007/8xk7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29007/8xk7","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Various mission-critical applications necessarily require a transformer in switching converters to obtain DC isolation between the converters’ input and output. Since DC-DC converters are the switching devices, these are modeled as hybrid automata. We present hybrid automaton modeling of two main types of transformer isolated DC-DC converters, namely, flyback and forward converters. We have also catered the non-determinism for both. We use HyST (Hybrid Source Transformation) tool to automatically generate the models in SpaceEx format, perform reachability analysis, and then automatically convert the models into Mathworks Simulink Stateflow (SLSF) using HyST. Thus we demonstrate effectiveness of HyST tool in the model-based design process. The HyST user needs not to manually construct or modify the models thus saving significant amount of time and efforts. Category: academic Difficulty: medium","PeriodicalId":136799,"journal":{"name":"ARCH@CPSWeek","volume":"76 9-10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131496143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ARCH@CPSWeekPub Date : 2017-06-27DOI: 10.29007/qlsr
S. Scherer
{"title":"Challenges for Safe Autonomous Flight","authors":"S. Scherer","doi":"10.29007/qlsr","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29007/qlsr","url":null,"abstract":"Autonomy holds a great promise by improving the applications, safety, and efficiency of flight. If little operator input is necessary, unmanned rotorcraft have a wide range of applications ranging from cargo delivery to inspection. Currently unmanned rotorcraft are underutilized because they either have to fly on preplanned missions at high altitude or require careful teleoperation. A capable autonomous rotorcraft will have to react quickly to previously unknown obstacles, land at unprepared sites, and fly with semantic information to enable long-term autonomy in cluttered environments. In this talk we give an overview of how autonomy systems are currently designed and how pushing the performance and safety of these systems challenges current verification paradigms. In particular we will address how a supervisory layer in the motion planning system can improve safety, a sensor steering system enables us to optimize coverage for safe trajectories, and how semantic information can help us guide the rotorcraft.","PeriodicalId":136799,"journal":{"name":"ARCH@CPSWeek","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121448032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ARCH@CPSWeekPub Date : 2017-06-27DOI: 10.29007/7hvk
Taylor T. Johnson
{"title":"ARCH-COMP17 Repeatability Evaluation Report","authors":"Taylor T. Johnson","doi":"10.29007/7hvk","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29007/7hvk","url":null,"abstract":"This report presents the results of the repeatability evaluation for the 5th Interna- tional Competition on Verifying Continuous and Hybrid Systems (ARCH-COMP’21). The competition took place as part of the workshop Applied Verification for Continuous and Hybrid Systems (ARCH) in 2021, affiliated with the 7th IFAC Conference on Analysis and Design of Hybrid Systems (ADHS’21). In its fifth edition, seventeen tools submitted artifacts through a Git repository for the repeatability evaluation, applied to solve bench- mark problems for seven competition categories. The majority of participants adhered to the requirements for this year’s repeatability evaluation, namely to submit scripts to automatically install and execute tools in containerized virtual environments (specifically Dockerfiles to execute within Docker), and several categories used performance evalua- tion information from a common execution platform. The repeatability results represent a snapshot of the current landscape of tools and the types of benchmarks for which they are particularly suited and for which others may repeat their analyses. Due to the diversity of problems in verification of continuous and hybrid systems, as well as basing on standard practice in repeatability evaluations, we evaluate the tools with pass and/or failing being repeatable.","PeriodicalId":136799,"journal":{"name":"ARCH@CPSWeek","volume":"43 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116504775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ARCH@CPSWeekPub Date : 2017-06-27DOI: 10.29007/5qvt
D. Ioli, A. Falsone, M. Hartung, A. Busboom, M. Prandini
{"title":"A Smart Grid Energy Management Problem for Data-driven Design with Probabilistic Reachability Guarantees","authors":"D. Ioli, A. Falsone, M. Hartung, A. Busboom, M. Prandini","doi":"10.29007/5qvt","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29007/5qvt","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we describe an energy management benchmark problem for a smart grid where electrical energy is supplied to a load via local power production from a solar PhotoVoltaic (PV) installation. The smart grid is connected with the main grid, which can eventually provide the energy needed for balancing demand and generation. The goal is to set the battery energy flow so as to keep the energy exchange with the main grid as close as possible to a nominal profile, within certified bounds, avoiding the fluctuations caused by the local PV energy production. Some energy production profiles of the PV installation and environmental data on irradiation and temperature are available for the design of the energy management strategy, together with a hybrid model for the battery and the electrical load profile. We describe a data-driven solution, pointing out its limits and providing some hint on possible direction for improvement.","PeriodicalId":136799,"journal":{"name":"ARCH@CPSWeek","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121493580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ARCH@CPSWeekPub Date : 2017-06-27DOI: 10.29007/v6g4
Xin Chen, M. Althoff, Fabian Immler
{"title":"ARCH-COMP17 Category Report: Continuous Systems with Nonlinear Dynamics","authors":"Xin Chen, M. Althoff, Fabian Immler","doi":"10.29007/v6g4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29007/v6g4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":136799,"journal":{"name":"ARCH@CPSWeek","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121130678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}