Integrative zoology最新文献

{"title":"A Functionally Conserved yet Dynamically Evolving Toolkit Underpinning Molluscan Biomineralization: Insights From Shell and Radula.","authors":"Zhuoqing Li, Meijie Yang, Xinghao Ma, Cong Zhou, Fanyu Meng, Pu Shi, Pengpeng Hu, Bin Liang, Qingtian Jiang, Lili Zhang, Xiaoyan Liu, Tingyu Shi, Changping Lai, Tao Zhang, Hao Song","doi":"10.1111/1749-4877.12978","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1749-4877.12978","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The molluscan shell and radula constitute pivotal molluscan innovations, each characterized by distinct functions and diverse forms, regulated by the highly specific biomineralization regulatory networks. Despite their paramount importance, the conserved components and adaptive evolutionary processes governing these regulatory networks remain unresolved. To address this knowledge gap, we advocate for the integration of data from less-explored lineages, such as Scaphopoda, as an essential step. This study presents the inaugural comprehensive transcriptome analysis of Pictodentalium vernedei, a representative species of Scaphopoda distinguished by a unique and evolutionarily conserved shell morphology and radula structure. Furthermore, comparative transcriptome/genome analyses are employed to unravel the conservatism and evolutionary innovation of the involved biomineralization regulatory elements. Our findings underscore the central role of secretomes in governing biomineralization processes, and we identified a fundamental set of 26 domains within molluscan secretomes, forming an essential functional protein domain repertoire necessary for the transformation of inorganic ions into biomineralized structures. This core biomineralization toolkit has undergone independent expansion and lineage-specific recruitment, giving rise to novel, modular domain architectures. This may be essential for the functional specialization and morphological diversification of shell and radula structures. These evolutionary processes are driven by the independent co-option of ancient genes and the emergence of novel de novo genes. This comprehensive investigation not only contributes insights into the evolution of molluscan biomineralization structures but also establishes avenues for further scholarly exploration.</p>","PeriodicalId":13654,"journal":{"name":"Integrative zoology","volume":" ","pages":"1314-1324"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13574180/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144011217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy Constraints and Ecological Adaptation Drive Divergent Evolution of Sensory and Cognitive Brain Regions in Bats.","authors":"Maojun Zhong, Jing Wang, Jiang Feng, Aiqing Lin","doi":"10.1111/1749-4877.70057","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1749-4877.70057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brain evolution is influenced by energy constraints and ecological adaptation for bats, but the specific factors driving specialization in sensory versus cognitive brain regions remain poorly understood. By integrating morphological traits, ecological information, and neuroanatomical traits from 145 bat species, we reveal the driving mechanisms of differentiation: sensory regions (auditory nuclei and inferior colliculus) were constrained by body-size allometry, while cognitive regions (neocortex and hippocampus) were directly shaped by ecological selection. Auditory nuclei decrease in size with increasing echolocation peak frequency, suggesting functional specialization through optimized neural efficiency under energy constraints. Ground-foraging behavior drives neocortical expansion to meet the cognitive demands of complex spatial navigation. Similarly, the dietary diversity was linked to hippocampal enlargement, convergent with the adaptive evolution linking hippocampal expansion to spatial memory in birds. The total brain mass shows dual regulation-dietary diversity drives the enlargement, while the higher wing loading associated with aerial foraging suppresses expansion through metabolic constraints. These findings extend the expensive tissue hypothesis by revealing intra-brain energy trade-offs and demonstrate that ecological and behavioral selection serve as the key driver for cognitive brain region evolution. Our study has highlighted the critical need for multi-scale frameworks that integrate developmental constraints, ecological adaptation, and metabolic trade-offs to unravel brain evolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":13654,"journal":{"name":"Integrative zoology","volume":" ","pages":"1356-1366"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13574184/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146062829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiome Insights Into Zoonotic Risk at Wildlife-Human Interfaces in a Transitioning Landscape in Thailand.","authors":"Pauline Van Leeuwen, Chuanpot Thinphovong, Vincent Sluydts, Alix Nicolas, Anamika Kritiyakan, Areeya Kriengudom, Pipat Soisook, Kittipong Chaisiri, Serge Morand, Johan Michaux","doi":"10.1111/1749-4877.70167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1749-4877.70167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Land-use change is accelerating worldwide and is one of the strongest predictors of emerging zoonotic disease. These ecological transitions can disrupt host microbiomes, change pathogen carriage, and create novel opportunities for spillover at wildlife-livestock-human interfaces. Yet, little is known about how reforested landscapes influence microbiome diversity and the distribution of zoonotic bacteria in key reservoir hosts such as bats, rodents, treeshrews, and domestic dogs. We characterized the rectal microbiome of bats, rodents, and domestic dogs sampled across a land-use gradient in Nan Province, Thailand, spanning caves, forests, reforested zones, plantations, and village habitats. Full-length 16S rRNA sequencing was used to assess host- and habitat-specific patterns at the bacteria species level. Pathogen-associated taxa were identified, and their potential transmission pathways were explored using network analysis and qPCR validation targeting Salmonella spp. From 102 samples, 1816 taxa were identified, including 354 documented human pathogens. Hierarchical Modeling of Species Communities models confirmed that host species explained far more variation in pathogen occurrences than habitat type, with dogs, Menetes berdmorei, and Scotophilus heathii exhibiting particularly high pathogen diversity. Domestic dogs also displayed high network centrality and move freely across habitats, positioning them as a key bridging host. Salmonella screening detected both Salmonella enterica (serovars Newport/Typhimurium) and the reptile-associated Salmonella bongori, the latter unexpectedly in bats and rodents, with variable concordance between metabarcoding and qPCR results. Our findings demonstrate that host identity, more than habitat type, structures pathogen-associated microbiomes across a reforested landscape. Understanding these dynamics is essential to anticipate pathogen flow and strengthen One Health surveillance.</p>","PeriodicalId":13654,"journal":{"name":"Integrative zoology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148864811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ancient Mitogenomes Reveal the Maternal Genetic History of East Asian Gray Wolves (Canis lupus).","authors":"Ming Zhang, Caihui Wang, Yuyan Zheng, Xijun Ni, Songmei Hu, Lina Zhuang, Mingjian Guo, Qingyan Dai, Peng Cao, Lele Ren, Guanghui Dong, Ruowei Yang, Feng Liu, Xiaotian Feng, Hongwei Hou, Hui Wang, Weilin Wang, Lizhao Zhang, E Andrew Bennett, Qiaomei Fu","doi":"10.1111/1749-4877.13005","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1749-4877.13005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The gray wolf (Canis lupus) is the only wild ancestor of dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) and serves a crucial role in understanding the highly controversial issue of dog origins. Recently, ancient DNA studies on gray wolves from different regions of the Eurasian continent have achieved significant breakthroughs, providing important clues about the dog origins. As one of the potential origin areas for dogs, East Asia has seen some research on ancient dogs; however, reports related to gray wolves remain limited. In this study, we sequenced seven new mitogenomes of ancient gray wolves from Northern China, integrating them with 497 ancient and modern canid mitogenomes from published data. Our results reveal the following: (1) East Asian gray wolves have maintained high genetic diversity from ancient times to the present; (2) multiple haplogroup A gray wolves from Northern China support the hypothesis that Northeastern Eurasia is a core region for dog origins; (3) a deep gray wolf lineage in East Asia has been identified in this study; (4) different mitogenomes concentrated at the Jinchankou site indicate that admixture may have frequently occurred in the northeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau. These findings enhance our understanding of the maternal genetic history of gray wolves in East Asia.</p>","PeriodicalId":13654,"journal":{"name":"Integrative zoology","volume":" ","pages":"1367-1377"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13574191/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144173043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive Evolution of FOXO Family Regulating Lifespan Extension and Cancer Resistance in Long-Lived Species.","authors":"Linxia Sun, Xinrui Chen, Huijie Zhang, Zhikang Xu, Guang Yang, Shixia Xu","doi":"10.1111/1749-4877.70087","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1749-4877.70087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The extension of lifespan has evolved independently multiple times in mammals. Long-lived species exhibit markedly lower cancer mortality rates, indicating that they may have evolved enhanced cancer resistance to accommodate their prolonged lifespan. The FOXO protein family is considered to play key roles in modulating lifespan and cancer resistance in model organisms. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of the FOXO protein family regulating lifespan extension and cancer resistance in long-lived species remain poorly understood. Here, evolutionary analysis of four FOXO genes across 137 mammalian species revealed all the four genes were under overall purifying selection. Nonetheless, we detected modestly elevated ω values in long-lived lineages relative to background groups, and 18 positively selected sites were identified in the four FOXO genes in long-lived mammals. To further test whether these FOXO genes have occurred functional changes, we selected FOXO3 and FOXO4 to perform functional validation. Cell experiments demonstrated that bowhead whale FOXO3 and FOXO4 significantly inhibited HeLa cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Subcellular localization assays showed that mouse FOXO3 and FOXO4 were mostly distributed in the cytosolic cytoplasm, whereas bowhead whale FOXO3 and FOXO4 were predominantly localized in the nucleus, which may increase transcriptional activity and inhibit tumorigenesis in cetaceans. In particular, bowhead whale FOXO3 was found to upregulate the tumor suppressors PTEN and FASL while downregulating the oncogene BCL6, suggesting that this FOXO3-driven expression pattern may underlie cancer resistance in long-lived mammals. Overall, our findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the cancer resistance in mammals.</p>","PeriodicalId":13654,"journal":{"name":"Integrative zoology","volume":" ","pages":"1288-1299"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13574182/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147654013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental Drivers of Geographic Isolation in Three Pika Species in Northeast Asia.","authors":"Yuxi Peng, Chengbin Yang, Dallin B Kohler, Wenxuan Yu, Hailong Li, Chongzhe Zhong, Yucheol Shin, Zhengji Piao, Guanglan Cao, Weihong Zhu, Amaël Borzée, Ying Li","doi":"10.1111/1749-4877.70177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1749-4877.70177","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Geographic segregation among closely related species may arise from divergent environmental preferences or constraints of interspecific interactions. For these three congeneric pika species in northeastern Asia, the relative contributions of these mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study investigates three congeneric species: Ochotona coreana, Ochotona mantchurica, and Ochotona hyperborea, to identify how environmental gradients and interspecific niche relationships jointly shape their spatial segregation. We combined public records with field survey to build species distribution models and reduced sampling bias through regional mammal density to optimize environmental variables and background points. We quantified each species' potential distribution, identified key environmental drivers, and evaluated ecological niche overlap to assess whether isolation reflects potential competition or habitat divergence. The three species showed distinct distribution patterns and environmental associations. O. coreana had the smallest potential range, restricted to high-elevation forests and tundra of the Changbai Mountains in China and DPR Korea. O. hyperborea ranged from northeastern China to the Russian Far East, with suitability driven by precipitation seasonality, isothermality, and forest composition. O. mantchurica distribution across Hulunbuir and eastern Mongolian grasslands mainly associated with precipitation seasonality and slope. Niche overlap was high between O. mantchurica and O. hyperborea, but low for O. coreana and the other species. Limited sympatry between the two wide-ranging species suggests potential niche segregation. The three species are isolated by distinct environmental drivers and potential competitive interactions. Our findings clarify the environmental and ecological drivers shaping species boundaries in these closely related pika species and provide a framework for evaluating distributional dynamics in data-limited small mammals.</p>","PeriodicalId":13654,"journal":{"name":"Integrative zoology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148864796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hidden Diversity in the Sands: Genomic Footprints of Pleistocene Refugia and Fragile Futures of the Turkestan Ground-Jay (Podoces panderi) in Central Asia.","authors":"Shakhzod I Dekhkonov, Dilorom I Gulomova, Semyon E Fundukchiyev, Lin Chen, Yan Hao, Shangyu Wang, Gang Song, Bakhtiyor R Kholmatov, Roman V Jashenko, Fumin Lei","doi":"10.1111/1749-4877.70058","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1749-4877.70058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Turkestan ground-jay (Podoces panderi), a corvid endemic to Central Asia's deserts and steppes, exemplifies how extreme environments drive speciation. Our study provides the first comprehensive high-resolution genomic analysis of this species, using complete mitochondrial genomes (49 individuals) to decode its population structure and demographic past. Our analyses revealed three highly divergent genetic clusters with strong geographic structure. The P. p. iliensis population (Cluster_3) showed particularly pronounced genetic distinctiveness, with significant differentiation from P. p. panderi (Cluster_2 and Cluster_1) populations. This clear genetic separation supports the taxonomic validity of P. p. iliensis as a distinct evolutionary lineage. Demographic reconstruction indicated that Cluster_2 likely represents the ancestral group, with subsequent southward expansion into the Karakum region. The isolated P. p. iliensis population exhibited signatures of long-term isolation, including reduced genetic diversity and absence of recent gene flow with other clusters. These results provide strong evidence that P. p. iliensis represents a distinct evolutionary unit. The genetic structuring into three clusters reflects historical isolation in desert refugia during Pleistocene climatic fluctuations. Notably, we detected asymmetric gene flow among three clusters. These findings redefine P. panderi as a model for desert adaptation, where climatic extremes forged genetic fragmentation amid limited dispersal. Beyond taxonomy, our work highlights how aridification sculpted biodiversity in Asia's interior, urging conservation attention for these evolutionarily distinct lineages.</p>","PeriodicalId":13654,"journal":{"name":"Integrative zoology","volume":" ","pages":"1325-1342"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13574190/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146124823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-Wide Mining of lncRNAs Reveals Their Potential Regulatory Role in the Evolution of Viviparity.","authors":"Xiaogang Feng, Wei Gao, Wenjie Dong, Yijing Chen, Robert W Murphy, Yaping Zhang, Jing Che","doi":"10.1111/1749-4877.12992","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1749-4877.12992","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reproduction in vertebrates usually involves egg-laying (oviparity) or live-bearing (viviparity). Oviparity is the ancestral trait from which viviparity has independently evolved more than 100 times in squamate reptiles. This transition involves a series of physiological and structural changes, including the degeneration of eggshell and the evolution of a placenta and differences in the temporal and spatial expression patterns of some functional genes that drive the structural transformation. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in the regulation of gene expression, yet it remains unclear whether they participate in gene expression shifts during the transition from oviparity to viviparity, and if so how. Therefore, we employ deep mining to identify novel lncRNAs of a closely related oviparous-viviparous pair of lizards (Phrynocephalus przewalskii and P. vlangalii). We construct cis- and trans-regulatory networks between lncRNAs and target genes using the transcriptomic data of oviduct or uteri tissues across reproductive periods. Results show that lncRNAs that regulate eggshell gland developmental genes in the oviparous lizard are lost or less expressed in the viviparous lizard. A number of lncRNAs involved in the regulation of placental development and embryo attachment in viviparous species have no orthologs in oviparous species, and others show little or no expression. Accordingly, lncRNAs may play important regulatory roles in the physiological and structural changes in the transition from oviparity to viviparity. These results open doors to the further elucidation of genetic regulatory networks.</p>","PeriodicalId":13654,"journal":{"name":"Integrative zoology","volume":" ","pages":"1300-1313"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13574192/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144007036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retention of Sweet Taste in Sirenians Reflects Ecological Adaptation in Marine Mammals.","authors":"Yingcan Li, Maoshu Wen, Yifan Feng, Huabin Zhao","doi":"10.1111/1749-4877.70074","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1749-4877.70074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Taste perception is vital for animal survival. Among marine mammals, whales and pinnipeds have lost all sweet and umami taste receptor genes, whereas sirenians (manatees and dugongs) have retained them. The leading hypotheses for taste loss in marine mammals involve feeding behavior, dietary shifts, and high sodium concentrations. To characterize the evolution of sweet taste in sirenians, we analyzed the complete repertoire of sweet taste receptor genes (Tas1r2 and Tas1r3) and their coding sequences in 53 mammal species. Among marine mammals, only sirenians possessed intact sequences for both genes. Sequence analyses showed that both genes in sirenians are under strong purifying selection, comparable to that in most terrestrial mammals. Functional assays revealed that sirenians respond to natural sugars, but in species-specific ways: Manatee receptors responded to both sucrose and fructose, whereas dugong receptors responded only to sucrose with lower sensitivity. Our findings provide the first evidence for the retention of natural sugar detection in sirenians and that this ability differs between species. Thus, sirenians are the only marine mammals known to have functional sweet taste, indicating that taste loss in other marine mammals is more likely linked to feeding behavior and diet rather than high sodium concentrations. The functional differences between manatees and dugongs likely reflect dietary divergence and ecological niche separation.</p>","PeriodicalId":13654,"journal":{"name":"Integrative zoology","volume":" ","pages":"1460-1466"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13574178/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146179365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental Drivers of Communal Roost Distribution and Size in Western Jackdaws (Coloeus monedula) Under Landscape Transformation.","authors":"Iñigo Palacios-Martínez, Martina Carrete, Javier García, Hany Alonso, Juan Arizaga, Óscar Frías, Carlos Godinho, Dailos Hernández-Brito, Francisco Hortas, Jesús Martín-Zúñiga, Raymundo Montoya Ayala, Jorge Mouriño, Antonio Román Muñoz, Juan M Pérez-García, Javier Prieta, Javier Sanz, Laura Solé-Bujalance, Paulo Travassos, Diego Villanúa, José M Zamora-Marin, Guillermo Blanco","doi":"10.1111/1749-4877.70132","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1749-4877.70132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Large-scale studies linking species distribution to environmental variables are crucial for understanding human impacts on ecosystems and informing conservation actions. Multiscale habitat models reveal how organisms interact with their environment and respond to pressures like habitat loss and urbanization. This study investigates the environmental drivers influencing the winter distribution and abundance of the Western Jackdaw (Coloeus monedula) across the Iberian Peninsula, highlighting its value as a model for assessing anthropogenic impacts. Using data from a coordinated winter census of communal roosts, we employed a multiscale analytical framework to analyze roost location and size. Environmental suitability models were developed to identify potential roosting and foraging areas, with particular emphasis on the role of urbanization in shaping the species' distribution in winter. Urban areas and th composition of agricultural landscapes emerged as key determinants of roost location, positively influencing both roost occurrence at fine scales and habitat suitability across foraging areas. Conversely, high vegetation productivity and dense vegetation cover negatively impacted roost size, suggesting that communal roosting patterns are heavily dictated by the proximity and quality of foraging grounds. Suitability models identified urban areas, agricultural landscapes, and river valleys as the most favorable habitats. Nevertheless, urbanization significantly constrained overall suitable habitat extent. These results reveal an emerging urban commuting strategy where individuals decouple nocturnal safety in urban refugia from diurnal foraging in agro-pastoral habitats. This behavioral shift helps explain widespread declines of common species, as rising energetic costs of balancing anthropogenic safety and resource availability may drive population instability in the Anthropocene.</p>","PeriodicalId":13654,"journal":{"name":"Integrative zoology","volume":" ","pages":"1378-1391"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13574181/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148149805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}