Infrastructures最新文献

{"title":"A Comprehensive Study on Unsupervised Transfer Learning for Structural Health Monitoring of Bridges Using Joint Distribution Adaptation","authors":"Laura Souza, M. Yano, Samuel da Silva, Eloi Figueiredo","doi":"10.3390/infrastructures9080131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures9080131","url":null,"abstract":"Bridges are crucial transportation infrastructures with significant socioeconomic impacts, necessitating continuous assessment to ensure safe operation. However, the vast number of bridges and the technical and financial challenges of maintaining permanent monitoring systems in every single bridge make the implementation of structural health monitoring (SHM) difficult for authorities. Unsupervised transfer learning, which reuses experimental or numerical data from well-known bridges to detect damage on other bridges with limited monitoring response data, has emerged as a promising solution. This solution can reduce SHM costs while ensuring the safety of bridges with similar characteristics. This paper investigates the limitations, challenges, and opportunities of unsupervised transfer learning via domain adaptation across datasets from various prestressed concrete bridges under distinct operational and environmental conditions. A feature-based transfer learning approach is proposed, where the joint distribution adaptation method is used for domain adaptation. As the main advantage, this study leverages the generalization of SHM for damage detection in prestressed concrete bridges with limited long-term monitoring data.","PeriodicalId":13601,"journal":{"name":"Infrastructures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141928364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Buckling Instability of Monopiles in Liquefied Soil via Structural Reliability Assessment Framework","authors":"Brian Bachinilla, Milind Siddhpura, Ana Evangelista, Ahmed WA Hammad, A. N. Haddad","doi":"10.3390/infrastructures9080123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures9080123","url":null,"abstract":"During devastating earthquakes, soil liquefaction has disastrous outcomes on bridge foundations, as mentioned in books and published research. To avoid foundation failure when the surrounding soil is fully liquefied, a bridge’s pile foundation design could be such that the bridge pier is directly resting on the top of a large-diameter monopile instead of the traditional multiple small-diameter piles. This paper discusses the gap of insufficient studies on large-diameter monopiles to support railway bridges subjected to buckling instability and the lack of simplified tools to quickly assess structural reliability. A framework could quickly assess the structural reliability by formulating a simplified reliability analysis. This study focused on pure buckling with shear deformation and reliability assessment to calculate a monopile’s failure probability in fully liquefied soils. In reliability assessment, with the critical pile length (Lcrit) and the unsupported pile length (Luns), the limit state function g(x) = [Lcrit − Luns] thus forms the basis for assessing the safety and reliability of a structure, indicating the state of success or failure. The Lcrit formulation is accomplished with a differential equation. Here, Luns assumes various depths of liquefied soil. The reliability index’s (β) formulation is achieved through the Hasofer–Lind concept and then double-checked through a normal or Gaussian distribution. A case study was conducted using a high-speed railway bridge model from a published research to demonstrate the application of the proposed methodology. To validate the minimum pile diameter for buckling instability when a fully liquefied soil’s thickness reaches the condition that Lcrit = Luns, this study applies the published research of Bhattacharya and Tokimatsu. The validation results show good agreement for 0.85–0.90 m monopile diameters. With a monopile diameter smaller than 0.85 m, the Lcrit = Luns limit was at lesser depths, while with a monopile diameter larger than 0.90 m, the Lcrit = Luns limit was at deeper depths. A load increase notably affected the large-diameter monopiles because the Lcrit movement required a longer range. In fully liquefied soil, buckling will likely happen in piles with a diameter between 0.50 m and 1.60 m because the calculated probability of failure (Pf) value is nearly one. Conversely, buckling instability will likely not happen in monopiles with a diameter of 1.80–2.20 m because the Pf value is zero. Hence, the outcome of this case study suggests that the reliable monopile minimum diameter is 1.80 m for supporting a high-speed railway bridge. Lastly, this paper analyzed the shear deformation effect on large-diameter monopiles, the result of which was 0.30% of Lcrit. Shear deformation makes minimal contributions to large-diameter monopile buckling.","PeriodicalId":13601,"journal":{"name":"Infrastructures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141801841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving Lightweight Structural Tuff Concrete Composition Using Three-Factor Experimental Planning","authors":"Yerlan Y. Khamza, Maratbek T. Zhuginissov, Erzhan I. Kuldeyev, Z. Zhumadilova, R.Y. Nurlybayev","doi":"10.3390/infrastructures9080124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures9080124","url":null,"abstract":"Research into lightweight structural concrete using volcanic tuff is of great importance to the construction industry. These materials have excellent thermal insulation properties, which helps improve the energy efficiency of buildings. A three-factor experimental design was used to build the statistical model. The test methods used were methods for determining the crushability of volcanic tuff, determining the average density, compressive strength and thermal conductivity of lightweight structural concrete. The influence of basalt fiber on the properties of lightweight structural concrete has been determined. The optimal compositions of lightweight structural concrete using tuff have been selected. The compressive strength of lightweight structural concrete reached 32.0 MPa. The average density range is 1754.6–2114.0 kg/m3. Good thermal conductivity values were obtained in the range of 0.653–0.818 W/m·K. The article obtained the optimal compositions of lightweight structural concrete using volcanic tuff as a filler.","PeriodicalId":13601,"journal":{"name":"Infrastructures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141800192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Incorporating Cement and Olive Waste Ash on the Mechanical Properties of Rammed Earth Block","authors":"H. Ghanem, Chouk El Bouz, R. Ramadan, Adrien Trad, Jamal M. Khatib, A. Elkordi","doi":"10.3390/infrastructures9080122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures9080122","url":null,"abstract":"Rammed earth blocks have recently gained substantial popularity in construction materials due to their environmental benefits, energy saving, and financial effectiveness. These benefits are even more pronounced if waste materials such as olive waste ash (OWA) are incorporated in rammed earth blocks. There is limited information on the use of OWA in rammed earth blocks. This paper investigates the use of OWA and cement in improving rammed earth block characteristics. OWA was incorporated to partially replace the soil by 10, 20, 30 and 40% of its weight and cement was added in percentages of 2, 4, 6 and 8% by the dry weight of the composite soil. Proctor, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) tests were performed at 7, 28, and 56 days. Results indicated that OWA inclusion decreased the maximum dry density while it increased the optimum moisture content. However, cement addition improved the maximum dry density of soil. The UCS results revealed that OWA possessed cementitious and pozzolanic behavior, and soil mechanical properties improved by up to 30% due to OWA inclusion, after which there was a significant drop of 40%. The trend in the CBR results was similar to those of UCS. To further clarify the experimental results, a mathematical model was proposed to determine the variation in strength as a function of time. Furthermore, correlations between soil mechanical properties were conducted. Predicted equations were developed to determine the properties of rammed earth block. All in all, the inclusion of OWA in cement stabilized earth block suggests the potential to improve the properties of rammed earth blocks.","PeriodicalId":13601,"journal":{"name":"Infrastructures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141805798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating Machine Learning in Geotechnical Engineering: A Novel Approach for Railway Track Layer Design Based on Cone Penetration Test Data","authors":"Matthieu Bernard","doi":"10.3390/infrastructures9080121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures9080121","url":null,"abstract":"The cone penetration test (CPT) has emerged as a cost-effective and time-efficient method for assessing soil conditions relevant to railway track infrastructure. The geotechnical data obtained from the CPT serve as crucial input for asset managers in designing optimal sublayers and form layers for track renewal works. To properly assess the condition of soil layers, various soil behavior type charts and machine learning models based on CPT data have been published to help engineers classify soils into groups with similar properties. By understanding the properties of the soils, an optimal substructure can be designed to minimize extensive maintenance and reduce the risk of derailment. However, when analyzing multiple CPTs, the diversity and non-uniformity of subsoil characteristics pose challenges in designing a new optimal trackbed. This study presents an automated approach for recommending thicknesses of sublayers and form layers in railway tracks based on CPT data, employing machine learning algorithms. The proposed approach was tested using CPT data from the Belgian railway network and showed very good agreement with results from traditional soil investigation interpretations and layer design. A Random Forest classifier, fine-tuned through Bayesian optimization with a cross-validation technique and trained on 80% of the datasets, achieved an overall accuracy of 83% on the remaining 20%. Based on these results, we can conclude that the proposed model is highly effective at accurately designing sub-ballast layers using CPT data.","PeriodicalId":13601,"journal":{"name":"Infrastructures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141809775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Seasonal Effects on Railway Vertical Track Modulus","authors":"A. Merheb, J. Palese, Christopher M. Hartsough, Allan Zarembski, L. Bernucci","doi":"10.3390/infrastructures9080120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures9080120","url":null,"abstract":"Adequate vertical track support is essential for safe and efficient railway operations. Insufficient support leads to distorted track geometry, increased dynamic loads, component stress, poor ride quality, rolling stock damage, and derailment risks. Current inspection practices focus on assessing the condition of the track components and geometry, rather than the root causes of degradation. To improve this condition, this study presents the use of a methodology that utilizes an autonomous vertical track deflection measurement system mounted on a loaded rail car (36 tonnes/axle) to support track maintenance decisions in a heavy haul railroad located in southeast Brazil. The system continuously measured substructure stiffness along the railway line. Over one year, data were collected from over 8000 km of track. The study highlighted seasonal effects on track degradation over time, identifying areas with significant deflections and high deflection rates, which contribute to issues such as differential settlement and reduced lifespan of track components. Additionally, the study revealed seasonal effects, with deflections peaking during wet weather and decreasing during dry cycles. A method to classify weak track areas was developed, facilitating monitoring and enabling more effective maintenance planning, contributing to the reduction of overall track maintenance costs and enhancing safety and operational efficiency.","PeriodicalId":13601,"journal":{"name":"Infrastructures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141812578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Management of Railway Operations during the Planned Interruption of Railway Infrastructure","authors":"Zdenka Bulková, Jozef Gašparík, Vladislav Zitrický","doi":"10.3390/infrastructures9070119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures9070119","url":null,"abstract":"A planned interruption of railway infrastructure is a situation where the operation of the track line or the operation of railway transport is limited. If there is also a restriction on the railway infrastructure, it means there will be complications not only for passengers but, above all, for railway undertakings operating freight transport. However, because of the planned railway infrastructure interruption, the quality of services provided not only to passengers but also to freight transport is decreasing. The aim of this paper is to propose effective planned maintenance works based on the analysis and evaluation of the processes performed during the planned railway infrastructure interruption or restriction. The research describes the process of affected railway infrastructure from technical, cost, and safety points of view. A methodological procedure is proposed under the condition of the Czech infrastructure manager. The main method is the calculation of the costs for the railway infrastructure manager and railway operator during the infrastructure interruption. The application part is undertaken using two interrupted lines according to the established alternative timetable in the area of České Budějovice.","PeriodicalId":13601,"journal":{"name":"Infrastructures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141816847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incremental Viscoelastic Damage Contact Models for Asphalt Mixture Fracture Assessment","authors":"G. Câmara, R. Micaelo, Nuno Monteiro Azevedo, Hugo Silva","doi":"10.3390/infrastructures9070118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures9070118","url":null,"abstract":"Asphalt mixtures are widely used as a surfacing material for pavements due to their several advantages. For this reason, robust numerical models still need to be developed to improve the understanding of their fracture behaviour. Recently, an incremental generalised Kelvin (GK) contact model that relates increments in contact displacements with increments in contact forces was proposed to assess the viscoelastic behaviour of asphalt mixtures within a discrete element method (DEM) framework. In this work, the contact model is extended to allow its application to asphalt mixture fracture studies. Two damage models—a brittle and a bilinear softening—coupled with the GK contact model are proposed to consider damage initiation and propagation. A parametric study is presented that assesses the impact of the GK-Damage parameters, showing a sensitivity to the loading velocity and the Maxwell elements, particularly its viscosity element, on the stress–strain response of a single contact. A reduced-size numerical mastic is initially used to speed up the calibration process of the GK-Damage contact parameters, with subsequent validation on a specimen with real experimental dimensions. It is shown that the proposed calibrated damage models can successfully reproduce the time-dependent behaviour, peak stress, and crack path observed in experimental results, highlighting the benefits of the adopted methodology. For the GK-Bilinear model, the fracture energy and maximum contact tensile stress are shown to adjust both the peak stress and softening response. Uniaxial tensile tests on asphalt mixtures indicate that the GK-Bilinear model provides a more realistic characterisation of fracture development. A higher susceptibility to damage at aggregate-to-mastic contacts compared to contacts within the mastic phase is identified.","PeriodicalId":13601,"journal":{"name":"Infrastructures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141814777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of an Assessment and Management Framework for Sustainable Construction Projects in Jordan by Incorporating the Sustainable Development Goals","authors":"Rami Alawneh, Ismael Jannoud, Hesham S. Rabayah, Rana Imam, Hatem H. Almasaeid","doi":"10.3390/infrastructures9070117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures9070117","url":null,"abstract":"Countries worldwide have implemented several strategies to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), to which sustainable construction projects can contribute significantly. However, an integrated assessment and management method for sustainable construction projects is needed to improve the contributions of such projects to achieving the SDGs. Hence, this research aims to develop an innovative framework that integrates contributions to achieving the SDGs within the assessment and management of sustainable construction projects. We reviewed previous research and used the Delphi method to identify assessment indicators and construct a framework. Next, two new indices were constructed: the Sustainable Construction Project Indicator Contributions Index (SCPICI) and the Integrated Sustainable Construction Project Contributions Index (ISCPCI). Lastly, a focus group discussion was conducted. According to the SCPICI, the top five indicators are energy-efficient management (27.58), the use of renewable energy (27.51), measurements of energy savings during the construction and operation phases (26.64), water savings during construction and operation phases (26.18), and water recycling (25.46). The research findings indicate that sustainable construction projects substantially contribute to achieving SDGs 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, and 15. Policymakers and other stakeholders in the construction sector could use the proposed framework to assess and manage sustainable construction projects. Moreover, researchers worldwide could use the proposed methods to develop new frameworks in other countries.","PeriodicalId":13601,"journal":{"name":"Infrastructures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141818037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inertial Methodology for the Monitoring of Structures in Motion Caused by Seismic Vibrations","authors":"J. Rodríguez-Quiñonez, Jorge Alejandro Valdez-Rodríguez, Moises J. Castro-Toscano, W. Flores-Fuentes, Oleg Sergiyenko","doi":"10.3390/infrastructures9070116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures9070116","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a non-invasive methodology for structural health monitoring (SHM) integrated with inertial sensors and signal conditioning techniques. The proposal uses the signal of an IMU (inertial measurement unit) tri-axial accelerometer and gyroscope to continuously measure the displacements of a structure in motion due to seismic vibrations. A system, called the “Inertial Displacement Monitoring System” or “IDMS”, is implemented to attenuate the signal error of the IMU with methodologies such as a Kalman filter to diminish the influence of white noise, a Chebyshev filter to isolate the frequency values of a seismic motion, and a correction algorithm called zero velocity observation update (ZVOB) to detect seismic vibrations and diminish the influence of external perturbances. As a result, the IDMS is a methodology developed to measure displacements when a structure is in motion due to seismic vibration and provides information to detect failures opportunely.","PeriodicalId":13601,"journal":{"name":"Infrastructures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141823572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}