Infectious Diseases and Therapy最新文献

{"title":"Body Mass Index Trajectories Among Patients with Drug-Susceptible and Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Northwest Ethiopia.","authors":"Fasil Wagnew, Kefyalew Addis Alene, Matthew Kelly, Darren Gray","doi":"10.1007/s40121-026-01404-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40121-026-01404-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Understanding predictors of body mass index (BMI) trajectories in patients with drug-susceptible tuberculosis (DS-TB) and drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) is crucial for optimizing treatment strategies. This study examined BMI trajectories and predictors among patients with DS-TB and DR-TB in northwest Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study was conducted using clinical data from patients attending TB clinics at four public hospitals in Northwest Ethiopia. We modelled BMI trajectories after TB treatment initiation using linear mixed models, with adjustments for potential confounders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 988 patients were included in the analysis, comprising 569 with DS-TB and 419 with DR-TB. In the DS-TB cohort, male sex was associated with higher mean BMI (β = 0.39; 95% CI: 0.12-0.65), while baseline underweight status (β = -4.07; 95% CI: -4.33, -3.82) and baseline anaemia (β = -0.27; 95% CI: -0.53, -0.02) were associated with lower mean BMI across follow-up. In the DR-TB cohort, men had a higher mean BMI than women across the follow-up (β = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.16, 1.12). Although participants who were underweight at baseline (β = -3.62; 95% CI -4.06 to -3.18) or anaemic (β = -0.54; 95% CI: -0.98, -0.10) had a lower mean BMI across follow-up, they gained BMI more rapidly over time (time*underweight β = 0.04, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.07; time*anaemia β = 0.05, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.08).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Early nutritional assessment and tailored nutritional support should be strengthened as part of routine TB care.</p>","PeriodicalId":13592,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"2427-2438"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13476401/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148404576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interim Effectiveness of 2025-2026 mRNA-1283 and BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccines Against COVID-19-Related Outcomes Among Adults Aged ≥ 65 Years in the United States.","authors":"Nevena Vicic, Alina Bogdanov, Heather Hensler, Taylor Ryan, Ni Zeng, Ekkehard Beck, Emily Patry, Machaon Bonafede, Andre B Araujo, Amanda Wilson","doi":"10.1007/s40121-026-01395-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40121-026-01395-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The 2025-2026 COVID-19 vaccine season introduced updated formulations targeting the LP.8.1 lineage. This interim analysis assessed absolute vaccine effectiveness (aVE) of mRNA-1283 and BNT162b2 on COVID-19 outcomes in adults aged ≥ 65 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study used linked electronic health record and administrative claims data through January 31, 2026. Adults ≥ 65 years who received the mRNA-1283 or BNT162b2 2025-2026 COVID-19 vaccine were matched to unvaccinated individuals. Inverse probability of treatment weighting was applied to each vaccine's matched cohorts to balance covariates. Each vaccine was evaluated independently against its own unvaccinated comparator group. aVE against COVID-19-related hospitalization and medically attended COVID-19 was estimated using Cox proportional hazards models; aVE = 100 × (1 - hazard ratio).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 233,072 mRNA-1283 recipients and 422,610 BNT162b2 recipients ≥ 65 years. aVE (95% confidence interval [CI]) of mRNA-1283 against COVID-19-related hospitalization and medically attended COVID-19 was 59.3% (39.0%, 72.9%) and 42.0% (35.0%, 48.3%) among adults ≥ 65 years and 66.9% (45.9%, 79.8%) and 50.2% (42.1%, 57.2%) in ≥ 75 years, respectively. The aVE (95% CI) of BNT162b2 against COVID-19-related hospitalization and medically attended COVID-19 was 48.3% (32.4%, 60.5%) and 41.2% (36.2%, 45.8%) in ≥ 65 years and 45.9% (26.0%, 60.4%) and 44.0% (37.8%, 49.6%) in ≥ 75 years, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides the first real-world evidence that mRNA-1283 was associated with protection against COVID-19-related hospitalization and medically attended COVID-19 among vulnerable older adults at highest risk of severe disease. These findings support mRNA-1283 as an important public health tool for reducing the continual burden of COVID-19 in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":13592,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"2307-2318"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13476419/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148307762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir for Acute Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Individuals with a History of Prior Hepatitis C Infection.","authors":"Christoph Boesecke, Kimberly Workowski, Stuart C Gordon, Barbra Cave, John Marcinak, Michael G Miller, Dimitri Semizarov, Anne Welhaven, Axel Baumgarten","doi":"10.1007/s40121-026-01381-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40121-026-01381-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In a phase 3b study, glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (G/P) for 8 weeks was well tolerated and effective in treatment-naive adults with acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Here we analyze the efficacy and safety of G/P in adults with acute HCV infection with a history of prior HCV infection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants with acute HCV were stratified by presence of prior HCV infection. Efficacy was assessed in the intention-to-treat population (ITT; all patients receiving ≥ 1 G/P dose) and modified ITT virologic failure population, which excluded non-virologic failures (mITT-VF). Safety (adverse events [AEs] and laboratory values) was assessed, as well as viral kinetics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 286 participants, 52 (18.2%) had ≥ 1 prior HCV infection and 234 (81.8%) did not. High-risk characteristics in those with prior infection versus those without: human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection, 92.3% versus 40.2%; unprotected male-male sexual activity, 78.8% versus 63.7%; and current/recent injection drug use, 23.1% versus 12.4%, respectively. In the ITT, SVR12 was 98.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] 89.9-99.7) in those with a prior infection and 95.7% (95% CI 92.3-97.7) in those without. There were no virologic failures (SVR12 = 100% in the mITT-VF). Rates of serious AEs (5.8% versus 3.0%) and treatment-related AEs (17.3% versus 15.4%) were similar in those with or without prior HCV infection.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Individuals with acute HCV infection with a history of prior HCV infection can be successfully treated with G/P. Risk of reinfection in high-risk populations, such as high-risk sexual activity or injection drug use, highlights the need for ongoing testing for reinfection along with subsequent treatment.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04903626.</p>","PeriodicalId":13592,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"2319-2334"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13476209/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148307778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the Hospital Burden Associated with Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Human Metapneumovirus Across All Age Groups in Scotland: A Retrospective Analysis.","authors":"Durga Kulkarni, Richard Osei-Yeboah, You Li, Kate Templeton, Harish Nair","doi":"10.1007/s40121-026-01402-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40121-026-01402-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) are commonly associated with respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in humans.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using national hospital and laboratory data over six seasons (2017-2023), we characterised the epidemiology of RSV and hMPV-associated RTI hospitalisations in Scotland across all age groups. We examined age distribution and estimated annual incidence rate ratios comparing RSV and hMPV hospital incidence in different age groups. Clinical severity was assessed using ICD-10 codes, length of hospital stay, ICU admissions and in-hospital case fatality. Seasonality was evaluated over the study period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study included 13,807 RSV- and 2491 hMPV-associated RTI admissions. RSV-associated hospitalisations were generally higher than those for hMPV before RSV vaccine introduction, with the greatest differences observed in infants. Severity appeared to increase with age for both viruses and was highest in older adults, with broadly comparable outcomes between the two viruses. Before the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic, RSV season generally started earlier and lasted shorter than the hMPV season. Both viruses demonstrated marked disruption of seasonal circulation during 2020/21, followed by a partial re-establishment of the winter peak.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>hMPV and RSV both contributed substantially to RTI-related hospitalisations in Scotland before RSV vaccine introduction. RSV accounted for a greater number of admissions, while hMPV demonstrated comparable disease severity. Children bore the greatest incidence burden, whereas older adults experienced disproportionately severe outcomes. The findings suggest that temporal patterns in RSV and hMPV circulation may have important implications for respiratory virus surveillance and seasonal healthcare preparedness. Enhanced virus-specific testing and targeted immunisation in infants and older adults could improve surveillance and reduce hospital admissions and healthcare pressures.</p>","PeriodicalId":13592,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"2477-2489"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13476403/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148411824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hospitalisation Burden of Human Metapneumovirus and Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Adults by Age and Comorbidity Status in Scotland: A Retrospective Analysis.","authors":"Durga Kulkarni, Richard Osei-Yeboah, Kate Templeton, Harish Nair","doi":"10.1007/s40121-026-01410-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40121-026-01410-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is well recognised as an important contributor to respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in adults in Scotland. However, there is a lack of recognition of the role of human metapneumovirus (hMPV) in RTIs in this population. We compared RSV- and hMPV-associated hospital burden in Scottish adults according to age and comorbidity status before RSV vaccine introduction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adults (≥ 18 years) using routinely collected and linked national laboratory, hospital, ICU, and mortality data in Scotland (1 July 2017-30 June 2023). Comorbidity status was defined using UK influenza clinical risk groups mapped from Systematised Nomenclature of Medicine-Clinical Terms (SNOMED-CT) to International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 codes. Negative binomial regression was used to estimate adjusted relative hospitalisation rates by virus, age, comorbidity burden (0, 1, > 1), and season. Logistic regression examined associations between virus and long length of stay (LOS), ICU or high-dependency unit (HDU) admission, and 90-day mortality, adjusting for demographic characteristics, number of underlying comorbidities, and COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>RSV was associated with higher laboratory-detected hospitalisation rates than hMPV (relative rate ratio 2.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.20-2.43). Hospitalisation rates increased with advancing age, particularly among adults aged ≥ 65 years and with increasing comorbidity burden. Rates varied substantially by season, with marked reductions during the COVID-19 pandemic and a resurgence in 2022/23. Compared with hMPV, RSV was associated with lower odds of prolonged length of stay and ICU/HDU admission, while no substantial difference was observed in 90-day mortality. Across both viruses, increasing age and comorbidity burden were the strongest correlates of adverse clinical outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>RSV and hMPV are associated with a substantial hospital burden in adults. Incidence differences likely reflect testing variation. Clinical severity among hospitalised patients was broadly similar between the viruses. Age and multimorbidity were stronger correlates of severe outcomes than virus. The findings highlight the importance of host factors and the need for improved, consistent surveillance to generate robust estimates.</p>","PeriodicalId":13592,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"2491-2502"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13476195/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148446057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Viral Lower Respiratory Disease Episodes, Hospitalisations, and Clinical Outcomes by Aetiology, 2010-2021.","authors":"Ekaterina Maslova, Quinn Rafferty, Jiali Lei, Chengbin Wang, Jam Suba, Maja Pasovic, Samuel Ewald, Darwin Del Castillo, Charlotte Lupton, Yao Qiao, Malin Fagerås, Pratik Sinha, Catherine W Gillespie","doi":"10.1007/s40121-026-01406-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40121-026-01406-4","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Viral lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD) is a major cause of global morbidity and mortality, but pathogen-specific estimates remain limited. We aimed to quantify the global burden of viral LRTD episodes, hospitalisations, and severe clinical outcomes by aetiology from 2010 to 2021.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We used the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 modelling framework to generate estimates of viral LRTD incidence, hospitalisations, and clinical outcomes from 2010 to 2021 for 204 countries and territories, 21 regions, and seven super-regions. Aetiology-specific estimates were generated for five viral categories: influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus (hMPV), SARS-CoV-2, and \"other\" viral pathogens. Data inputs included surveillance systems, clinical informatics, published literature, surveys, and vital registration. Viral LRTD incidence was estimated using DisMod-MR 2.1, a GBD Bayesian meta-regression tool for disease incidence. We then applied location-specific admission scalars, adjusted for healthcare access, to derive hospitalisations. Aetiology-specific clinical outcome proportions-including intensive care unit (ICU) need, invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) need, and in-hospital mortality-were estimated using meta-regression-Bayesian, regularised, trimming models. These were then applied to the hospitalisation estimates. COVID-19 incidence and hospitalisations were estimated using established GBD COVID-19 methods. All estimates are reported with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Globally, viral LRTD episodes increased from 82.3 million (95% UI 76.4-88.2) in 2010 to 94.9 million (88.8-101.2) in 2019, while episode rates remained relatively stable at approximately 1200 per 100,000 population. Over the same period, hospitalisation rates increased by 40%, from 103.7 (96.1-111.4) to 145.4 (134.6-156.4) per 100,000 population. In 2020 and 2021, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 resulted in sharp increases in burden, with episodes exceeding 1.1 billion in 2020 and 1.5 billion in 2021. During this period, 2020-2021, episode and hospitalisation rates associated with influenza, RSV, and hMPV declined by nearly 50%. Between 2010 and 2019, global rates of ICU need increased from 16.1 (14.3-18.0) to 23.7 (21.0-26.6) per 100,000 population, IMV need from 7.5 (6.7-8.4) to 11.2 (10.0-12.6), and in-hospital mortality from 9.4 (8.4-10.5) to 13.9 (12.3-15.6). In 2020-2021, SARS-CoV-2 dominated severe outcomes, with in-hospital mortality reaching 87.7 (83.3-92.2) per 100,000 population in 2021. Across the study period, older adults consistently experienced the highest rates of severe outcomes, and substantial regional variation was observed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Before 2020, global incidence of viral LRTD was stable; however, hospitalisations and severe outcomes increased substantially, suggesting rising clinical severity and healthcare deman","PeriodicalId":13592,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"2523-2543"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13476213/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148497535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Viral Pathogen-Specific Severe Acute Respiratory Infections in Hospitalised Adults in Europe: Epidemiological Findings from the id.DRIVE Study 2024-2025.","authors":"Katherine Newell, Nikki Vroom, Cátia Marques, Ekaterina Maslova, Farid L Khan, Kok-Yew Ngew, Hannah R Volkman, Chengbin Wang, Juan V Hernandez-Villena, Negar Aliabadi, Elizabeth Begier, Jennifer L Nguyen, Hollie Dunford, Somsuvro Basu, Andrés Antón, Susana Otero-Romero, Irma Casas, Elisa Martró, Beate Grüner, Giancarlo Icardi, Federico Martinón-Torres, Ainara Mira-Iglesias, Carlos M Oñoro-López, Alejandro Orrico-Sánchez, Oleguer Parés-Badell, Wolfgang Gleiber, Antoni Torres, Kaatje Bollaerts","doi":"10.1007/s40121-026-01399-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40121-026-01399-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Lower respiratory tract infections represent a major public health burden, but adult data on respiratory viruses except influenza and COVID-19 are limited. Most European surveillance systems report aggregate data lacking patient-level detail.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We utilised the multicountry id.DRIVE surveillance study data to describe the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of adults hospitalised with pathogen-specific severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) during 2024-2025. Adults (≥ 18 years) hospitalised with SARI across 17 hospitals in Spain, Italy, and Germany between 1 September 2024 and 31 August 2025 were included. All participants were tested using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and influenza A/B (testing additional respiratory pathogens varied by hospital). Descriptive analyses were stratified by pathogen.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 8730 included participants (median age, 77 years), 14.3% (n = 1249) tested positive for influenza A, 6.9% (n = 606) SARS-CoV-2, 6.4% (n = 554) RSV, and 0.8% (n = 74) for influenza B. Positivity peaked for influenza and RSV in December-January, and for SARS-CoV-2 in July. Comorbidity burden was substantial: 51.9% of all SARI participants had ≥ 3 chronic conditions, reaching 62.3% in those with RSV. RSV-positive SARI patients were older (median age, 80 years); oxygen therapy was required in 72.0%, non-invasive ventilation in 12.3%, and in-hospital mortality was 9.4%. Over 75.0% of SARI cases positive for a respiratory virus received antibiotics during hospitalisation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Viral pathogens remain a major cause of adult SARI hospitalisations in Europe. Our findings highlight the continued burden and seasonal diversity of viral respiratory pathogens, supporting the value of integrated, pathogen-specific SARI surveillance guiding prevention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":13592,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"2399-2425"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13476416/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148404494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disparities in Adult Influenza Vaccination in the United States: Analysis of 2023 BRFSS Data.","authors":"Christian Smolen, Joseph Fava, Paul E Kilgore","doi":"10.1007/s40121-026-01396-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40121-026-01396-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Despite longstanding recommendations for universal adult influenza vaccination, coverage remains suboptimal in the United States (U.S.). The objective of this study is to examine current influenza vaccination coverage and identify demographic, socioeconomic, and geographic disparities in vaccination among U.S. adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cross-sectional analysis of 2023 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data from 402,005 adults across 52 states/territories. Survey-weighted logistic regression models assessed independent predictors of self-reported influenza vaccination in the past twelve months, including demographics, socioeconomic factors, healthcare access, and health status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall vaccination coverage was 42.2% (95% CI 42.0-42.4%), well below the Healthy People 2030 target of 70%. Coverage increased markedly with age, from 29.2% among 18-24 year-olds to 66.9% among those ≥ 80 years of age. Women had higher coverage than men (45.4% vs. 38.7%, p < 0.001). Strong socioeconomic gradients emerged: coverage among college graduates (54.3%) exceeded that of those with less than a high school education (32.6%) and those earning ≥ $200,000 (53.5%) exceeded those earning < $15,000 (34.4%). Insurance status showed the largest disparity-45.1% of insured versus 16.2% of uninsured adults were vaccinated. Geographic variation was substantial, ranging from 19.1% in the Virgin Islands to 56.6% in Massachusetts. In multivariable analysis, the strongest predictors were advanced age (≥ 80 years: adjusted OR = 3.51, 95% CI 3.18-3.87), insurance coverage (adjusted OR = 1.74, 95% CI 1.57-1.93), and recent healthcare engagement (checkup within past year; adjusted OR = 1.62, 95% CI 1.53-1.73).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Influenza vaccination coverage remains far below national targets, with pronounced disparities across age, socioeconomic status, insurance coverage, and geography. These findings suggest that efforts to advance equity may benefit from addressing structural barriers, such as expanding insurance coverage, workplace vaccination programs, and targeted outreach to underserved populations; because the data are observational, these represent potential implications rather than conclusions about causal effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":13592,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"2545-2560"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13476389/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148411810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide in Virologically Suppressed People with HIV on Any Antiretroviral Therapy Regimen: The Retrospective ESSENTIAL Study.","authors":"Maria Vittoria Cossu, Davide Moschese, Maddalena Matone, Letizia Oreni, Giorgia Carrozzo, Andrea Poloni, Giacomo Pozza, Laura Albini, Gabriele Forcina, Cristina Gervasoni, Agostino Riva, Andrea Giacomelli, Andrea Gori","doi":"10.1007/s40121-026-01408-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40121-026-01408-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Real-world evidence on the effectiveness and durability of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (BIC/FTC/TAF) as a switch strategy in virologically suppressed people with HIV (PWH) is important for clinical decision-making, particularly in ageing populations with multiple comorbidities and concomitant medications and in individuals previously treated with rilpivirine.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>ESSENTIAL (GS-IT-380-7059) is a retrospective, single-centre observational study including adults with HIV-RNA < 50 copies/ml who switched to BIC/FTC/TAF between July 2019 and April 2024 at ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy. The primary endpoint was the virological suppression rate (HIV-RNA < 50 copies/ml) evaluated at 6 and 12 months after switching to BIC/FTC/TAF (observed-case analysis of available data). Secondary endpoints included treatment durability (Kaplan-Meier estimates of time to treatment interruption for any cause) and safety. A prespecified subgroup analysis evaluated individuals switching from rilpivirine/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (RPV/FTC/TAF).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 799 individuals were included (median age 53 [IQR 45, 58] years; 83% male). The cohort reflected substantial clinical complexity: 82.6% had ≥ 1 comorbidity (predominantly metabolic) and 34.2% were taking ≥ 3 concomitant medications; potential drug-drug interactions with the pre-switch antiretroviral regimen were identified in approximately 14% of cases. After the switch, virological suppression was maintained in 97.4% of participants at 6 months and 98% at 12 months. In the subgroup switching from RPV/FTC/TAF (n = 103), virological suppression rates were 93.9% at 6 months and 98% at 12 months, with only two confirmed virological failures. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed high treatment durability with few discontinuations, most of which were unrelated to virological failure or adverse events. Adverse events were infrequent (0.8% at 6 months; 0.3% at 12 months), with no unexpected safety signals during follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this large real-world cohort of virologically suppressed individuals, characterized by ageing, high comorbidity burden, and frequent concomitant medication use, switching to BIC/FTC/TAF was associated with sustained virological control and good tolerability over 12 months, including among those transitioning from RPV-based regimens. These findings provide additional real-world evidence supporting BIC/FTC/TAF as a durable and well-tolerated switch strategy in routine clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":13592,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"2439-2454"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13476421/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148404486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Descending Necrotizing Mediastinitis Across Age and Host-Status Groups: Diagnosis, Treatment Phases, and Outcomes in the Literature, with an Illustrative Case.","authors":"Constantin Ionescu, Claudia Simona Cambrea, Ionuţ Bulbuc, Elena Neagu, Bogdan Marian Caraban","doi":"10.1007/s40121-026-01397-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40121-026-01397-2","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Descending necrotizing mediastinitis (DNM) is a rare but life-threatening infection originating from odontogenic, tonsillopharyngeal, or deep cervical sources, and propagating through the cervical fascial planes into the mediastinum. Despite advances in cross-sectional imaging, thoracic surgery, intensive care medicine, and antimicrobial therapy, DNM remains associated with mortality ranging from 11 to 40% across contemporary series. The evidence base is fragmented and lacks a unified framework integrating anatomical, physiological, microbiological, and critical care dimensions. The aims of this study are to map the DNM literature across five predefined age and host-status subgroups, to synthesize differences in source infection, diagnostic pathway, mediastinal extent, treatment phases, ICU burden, microbiological evolution, and outcomes, to appraise methodological quality, and to identify future research priorities.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A scoping review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA-ScR, with incorporation of a prespecified illustrative institutional case for contextual comparison and pregnancy subgroup representation. Structured searches of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science were supplemented by systematic citation chaining and revised eligibility criteria, allowing the inclusion of mixed infectious mediastinitis studies when the DNM subgroup could be clearly distinguished, yielding 18 studies (881 patients) in the final synthesis. A prospectively documented institutional case of DNM in pregnancy was analyzed separately from the PRISMA-tracked literature and used only to contextualize the pregnancy subgroup and to compare the proposed phase-based framework with a high-complexity observed clinical course.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The methodological quality of the PRISMA-tracked studies was predominantly Fair to Good; the illustrative institutional case was appraised separately as Fair. The reviewed literature suggested a hypothesis-generating, generally recurrent, phase-based clinical trajectory across subgroups. The institutional case was broadly consistent with the literature-derived pattern in seven of eight phases and differed mostly in the degree of multidrug-resistant microbiological complexity during Phase 7, an exploratory finding that may extend, rather than contradict, the proposed framework. Six recurrent adverse inflection points were identified, while evidence density varied across phases.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;DNM may be more usefully interpreted as a staged infectious syndrome rather than as an exclusively anatomical or surgical entity. The proposed phase-based framework, derived from structured synthesis of heterogeneous literature and contextualized by a prospectively documented severe case, should be interpreted as a conceptual, hypothesis-generating complement to existing anatomical staging systems rather than as a validated clinical model. Pro","PeriodicalId":13592,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"2279-2306"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13476192/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148368257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}