Infectious Diseases and Therapy最新文献

{"title":"Impact of Revised Vaccination Recommendations for Mature Infants on Premature Infants' Vaccination Compliance in Germany.","authors":"Felicitas Kühne, Christof von Eiff, Julia Schiffner-Rohe, Lina Döring, Kathrin Gerchow, Karolin Seidel, Maren Laurenz","doi":"10.1007/s40121-025-01173-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40121-025-01173-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The German Standing Committee on Vaccination (STIKO) changed the vaccination schedule for mature infants from a 3 + 1 to a 2 + 1 schedule for pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) in August 2015 and for hexavalent vaccines (HEXA) in August 2020. A 3 + 1 schedule is still recommended for premature infants for both vaccinations. This study analyzed the impact of the changed recommendations of PCV and HEXA vaccination on the vaccination compliance and adherence of premature infants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective claims data analysis was conducted using the InGef Research Database. The study population included all premature and mature infants born in 2013, 2016, 2018, and 2020 with an individual follow-up of 24 months. Premature infants were identified by ICD-10-GM codes P07.2 and P07.3. Documented records of vaccinations were assessed in the outpatient setting. Full vaccination rates of PCV and HEXA vaccination according to STIKO recommendations, valid in the respective observational year and maturity of birth, were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After the change in STIKO recommendations in 2020, the full HEXA vaccination rate for premature infants decreased significantly to 57.8% (2018, 71.0%), while it increased to 81.3% (2018, 73.8%) for mature infants. A similar pattern was observed during the transition from a 3 + 1 to a 2 + 1 PCV vaccination schedule among mature infants comparing birth cohorts 2013 (premature 65.4% vs mature 68.3%) and 2016 (premature 40.8% vs mature 75.6%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite the continued recommendation for a 3 + 1 PCV and HEXA vaccination schedule in premature infants, a significant decrease of completed immunization was observed for both vaccines following the adjusted recommendations for mature infants. These findings underscore the need for enhanced efforts to promote adherence to STIKO guidelines to safeguard this vulnerable population of premature infants.</p>","PeriodicalId":13592,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"1867-1882"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12339820/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144649357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association Between Elevated Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate and Poor Clinical Outcomes of Pediatric Patients with Community-Acquired Bacterial Meningitis Receiving Vancomycin: A Ten-Year Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Cuiyao He, Yuhua Deng, Tingsong Li, Dongmei Deng, Fengjun Lv, Yuan Qu, Li Jiang, Siqi Hong, Xiaogang Hu, Yuanyuan Luo","doi":"10.1007/s40121-025-01196-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40121-025-01196-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aimed to explore the association between elevated estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and poor prognosis in pediatric patients with community-acquired bacterial meningitis (BM) receiving vancomycin.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study included children aged 1 month to 18 years with community-acquired BM admitted to the Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (CHCMU) from 2013 to 2023. Relevant information for all patients was collected, and clinical outcomes were assessed using the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) at the time of discharge. Logistic regression analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), net reclassification improvement (NRI) indices, and survival curve analysis were employed to investigate the associations between elevated eGFR and poor clinical outcomes in pediatric patients with community-acquired BM.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 119 patients were included. Significant differences in the eGFR were observed among pediatric patients with different prognoses (P < 0.05). The initial vancomycin trough concentration in the elevated eGFR group was significantly lower than that in the normal eGFR group [5.600 (4.590; 8.060) mg/L vs. 9.205 (7.500; 12.070) mg/L]. At discharge, the GOS scores of the two groups also significantly differed (P < 0.05). In the analysis of factors influencing poor prognosis in pediatric patients with BM, an eGFR ≥ 169.21 mL/min/1.73 m² was identified as an important factor associated with poor clinical outcomes in both univariate and multivariate analyses. Incorporating the elevated eGFR factor into the predictive model significantly improved its diagnostic performance (NRI 0.624, P = 0.00297; IDI 0.1057, P = 0.00414). Kaplan‒Meier survival analysis also revealed that an eGFR ≥ 169.21 mL/min/1.73 m² was associated with a greater likelihood of poor outcomes (P = 0.0092).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Elevated eGFR is associated with an increased risk of poor clinical outcomes in community-acquired BM in children.</p>","PeriodicalId":13592,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"1899-1916"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12339840/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144659126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating the Public Health and Economic Impact of Immunisation with Nirsevimab or Maternal Immunisation for the Prevention of RSV-Related Outcomes Over Infants' First RSV Season in the UK.","authors":"Mersha Chetty, Paul Costello, Benjamin Yarnoff, Robert Musci, Mehdi Ghemmouri","doi":"10.1007/s40121-025-01194-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40121-025-01194-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) poses a significant health burden on infants, particularly during their first RSV season. Immunoprophylactic strategies, such as the administration of nirsevimab, a long-acting monoclonal antibody, have been developed to prevent RSV lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD). This study evaluated the public health and economic impact of nirsevimab or maternal immunisation (MI) compared with standard of practice (SoP) in the United Kingdom (UK).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A static decision-analytic model was employed to track the UK birth cohort during their first RSV season. The model incorporated UK-specific data on costs, epidemiology and healthcare resource utilisation. Three strategies were compared: historical SoP (pre-September 2024), universal immunisation with nirsevimab and MI. Outcomes measured included RSV-related primary care (PC) visits, accident and emergency (AE) visits, hospitalisations, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions and deaths. The model also considered the impact of recurrent wheezing episodes, all-cause LRTD hospitalisations and non-medically attended RSV-LRTDs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Under the current SoP, RSV was estimated to cause 375,154 total health events and 24,360 RSV-LRTD hospitalisations (including ICU admissions) annually, resulting in an economic burden of £252 million. Universal immunisation with nirsevimab could prevent 208,691 total health events and 16,664 hospitalisations (including ICU admissions) and reduce costs by £105.7 million. MI showed a reduction in RSV-related outcomes but was less effective than nirsevimab, especially in preventing hospitalisations and ICU admissions or protecting infants born outside the RSV season.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Universal immunisation with nirsevimab for all infants during their first RSV season could significantly reduce both the health and economic burden of RSV in the UK. This strategy is more effective than MI, particularly in reducing severe RSV outcomes and protecting infants born outside the RSV season, thus offering substantial benefits across the infant population.</p>","PeriodicalId":13592,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"1953-1972"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12339845/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144690095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Phase II, Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of HEX17, a Novel Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Drug, in a Controlled Human Infection Model of Influenza Challenge.","authors":"Geoff Kitson, Marion Byford, Lindsey Cass, David Howat, Brigitte Köhn, Alessandra Bisquera, Andrew Catchpole, Nicolas Noulin, Douglas Thomson","doi":"10.1007/s40121-025-01179-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40121-025-01179-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Viral respiratory tract infections are of global concern, with an unmet need for a broad-spectrum antiviral prophylactic. HEX17, a multivalent carbohydrate-binding module, binds to sialic acid, a cell surface glycan used by many viruses for host cell entry. HEX17 represents a potential broad-spectrum antiviral prophylactic therapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This phase II randomised double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted in a UK centre. Healthy adults (18-55 years) were randomised (3:3:4) to daily HEX17 for 3 days (2.8 mg HEX17 from day - 3 to - 1); single-dose HEX17 (2.8 mg HEX17 on day - 3; placebo on day - 2 and - 1); or daily placebo (day - 3 to - 1). Participants were challenged with influenza virus on day 0 and assessed from days 1 to 8. Primary outcomes were incidence and severity of symptomatic influenza in the pooled HEX17 arms versus placebo, in the per protocol population (PPP). Safety analysis included all participants receiving at least one dose of HEX17/placebo.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 104 participants enrolled between August 2022 and March 2023, 99 were included in the PPP (single-dose HEX17, n = 29; daily HEX17, n = 30; placebo, n = 40). Symptomatic influenza occurred in 16/40 (40.0%) participants in the placebo arm versus 12/59 (20.3%) in the pooled HEX17 arms (- 19.7% decrease; 95% confidence interval [CI] - 38.0, - 1.3; p = 0.0331). The median peak total symptoms score was 3.00 in the placebo arm and 2.00 in the pooled HEX17 arms (versus placebo: 95% CI - 2.00, 0.00; p = 0.1427). Unsolicited adverse events (AEs) occurred in 17/41 (41.5%), 10/32 (31.3%), and 9/31 (29.0%) participants in placebo, daily HEX17, and single-dose HEX17 arms, respectively (safety population). No deaths or serious AEs occurred.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Prophylactic HEX17 reduced the incidence of symptomatic influenza infection and may protect at-risk patients against influenza infection.</p><p><strong>Trial registrations: </strong>EudraCT 2022-001853-22, Clinicaltrials.gov NCT05507567.</p>","PeriodicalId":13592,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"1697-1714"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12339785/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144540041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Impacts of Invasive Meningococcal Disease on Survivors and Their Caregivers in the United States and Canada.","authors":"Todd Wolynn, John B Grimes, Sayali Nerurkar, Rachel Dawson, Katherine Galarza, Helay Hassas, Angie Upegui, David P Greenberg, Corwin A Robertson, Heather Entenmann, Evan Jones Mann, Liga Bennetts, Maureen P Neary","doi":"10.1007/s40121-025-01181-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40121-025-01181-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Adolescents and young adults are among those most often impacted by invasive meningococcal disease (IMD), and survivors are often left with serious and permanent physical, neurological, psychological, or systemic complications. We conducted this targeted literature review with the primary goal of identifying evidence and evidence gaps relating to long-term health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) and economic impacts for survivors who contracted IMD during adolescence or early adulthood and their caregivers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched electronic databases and gray literature for studies assessing long-term clinical, HRQoL, and economic outcomes for patients who survived IMD in the US or Canada. Expert input provided by a survivor and patient advocate, as well as a pediatrician, was used to explore impacts and evidence gaps.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eleven studies met the prespecified inclusion criteria for this review. Seven studies from the US and four from Canada reported on long-term outcomes of interest, including ten studies reporting clinical sequelae experienced by IMD survivors, three reporting HRQoL/social impacts, five reporting healthcare resource utilization, and four reporting direct costs. Across seven studies, 10.6-41% of IMD survivors had ≥ 1 sequelae, with prominent examples including seizures, deafness or hearing loss, stroke, amputation, skin scarring, and renal dysfunction or failure. Qualitative interviews and questionnaires revealed that survivors face significant and persistent emotional distress and physical impairment that limit daily functioning and social activities. Healthcare resource use, including inpatient stays and specialist visits following IMD was high, leading to substantial healthcare costs, especially among survivors with sequelae. Expert input highlighted that much of the burden encountered by survivors is not included in the published literature, including the cumulative out-of-pocket and indirect costs of living with sequelae for decades and the extent of the physical, psychological, and social impacts.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While published evidence suggests that survivors with sequelae from IMD during adolescence or young adulthood have long-term and significant humanistic and economic impacts, considerable and important evidence gaps remain.</p>","PeriodicalId":13592,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"1577-1597"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12339822/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144583825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"West Nile Virus Outbreak in Israel 2024 Compared with Previous Seasons: A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Guy Katzenellenbogen, Michal Canetti, Ili Margalit, Yonatan Shusterman, Alon Simchovitz-Gesher, Lior Naveh, Nadav Baharav, Miki Goldenfeld, Ana Belkin, Marina Brod, Anat Wieder-Finesod, Eyal Leshem, Erez Magiel, Itzchak Levy, Yaniv Lustig, Victoria Indenbaum, Nicola Maggio, Shahar Dekel, Bella Mechnik, Yovel Peretz, Noam Barda, Amir Tafesh, Dafna Yahav, Gili Regev-Yochay","doi":"10.1007/s40121-025-01140-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40121-025-01140-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Since May 2024, Israel has been experiencing a large West Nile virus (WNV) outbreak. We aimed to compare the clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized cases to previous years and identify predictors of poor outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study. We compared WNV infection cases hospitalized during the 2024 outbreak (from 29 May to 29 July) to cases hospitalized during 2018-2023. For the entire cohort, risk factors for poor outcomes were investigated using multivariable analyses. The primary outcomes were death and a composite outcome of 30-day all-cause mortality, prolonged hospitalization (≥ 28 days), or discharge to an institution.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 134 patients, 103 admitted during 2024 and 31 during 2018-2023. The majority (109/134, 81%) had neuroinvasive disease, mostly encephalitis. In 2024, patients were older, with a lower functional state, and a higher proportion were severely immunocompromised. Mortality was numerically higher in 2024 (15/103, 15% versus 2/31, 6%). Altogether, nearly 40% of patients had poor outcomes, including 13% (17/134) mortality and 25% (34/134) discharged to institutions. Nearly 30% of patients who were severely immunocompromised died; all had B-cell depletion. Age was the only significant predictor of poor outcomes in multivariable analysis; however, patients with B-cell depletion had > 3 times higher odds for mortality (odds ratio 3.26, 95% confidence interval 0.73-13.07).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The large 2024 outbreak of WNV was associated with considerable mortality and functional impairment among hospitalized patients that was higher compared with previous years. Poor outcomes were particularly observed in older adults and patients with B-cell depletion. The observation of severe disease and poor outcomes in patients with B-cell depletion, as well as possible therapeutic implications, should be further investigated.</p>","PeriodicalId":13592,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"1405-1415"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12271017/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143780047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender Differences in Antibiotic Prescriptions and Healthcare Visits Among Caregivers Accompanying Children with Respiratory Tract Infections: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Taito Kitano, Yusuke Asai, Ryuji Koizumi, Norio Ohmagari, Shinya Tsuzuki","doi":"10.1007/s40121-025-01175-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40121-025-01175-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Women are more often prescribed antibiotics than men for a number of health conditions. Adults' behaviours in engaging with healthcare for themselves, especially when attending appointments with a child with a respiratory tract infection for whom they provide care, may contribute to the gender differences in antimicrobial use. This study aimed to evaluate gender differences in caregivers' attendance at healthcare visits for children with respiratory tract infections, their behaviours in engaging with healthcare for themselves and their children, and associated antibiotic prescriptions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An online survey was conducted among Japanese caregivers, asking about children's healthcare visits and prescriptions for antimicrobials associated with respiratory tract infections, who accompanied them and whether the caregiver attended a simultaneous healthcare visit for themselves. We used multivariable logistic regression analysis to evaluate factors associated with caregivers' attendance at children's healthcare visits and responders' simultaneous healthcare visits.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 1664 participants, 1091 accompanied their children to healthcare visits. Female responders were significantly more likely to accompany their child (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 6.76 [95% confidence interval (CI) 5.00-9.15], p < 0.001). Participants with higher education levels were less likely to require a simultaneous healthcare visit (aOR 0.56 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.33-0.94], p = 0.029). Other covariates, including participants' gender, were not significantly associated with simultaneous healthcare visits.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Women were more likely to accompany a child to a healthcare visit for a respiratory tract infection. However, they were no more likely to require a simultaneous healthcare visit, or receive antibiotics at those simultaneous visits.</p>","PeriodicalId":13592,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"1547-1559"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12270981/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144475084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preventing Meningococcal Disease in US Adolescents and Young Adults Through Vaccination.","authors":"Jessica Presa, Ruth Carrico, Jaime E Fergie, Stephanie Hanenberg, Gary S Marshall, Kaitlyn Rivard, Jana Shaw, Gregory D Zimet, Paula Peyrani, Alejandro Cane","doi":"10.1007/s40121-025-01166-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40121-025-01166-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 2022, experts convened under the name Advancing Strategies to Prevent Meningococcal Disease (ARTEMIS) to gather insights on issues related to invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) and meningococcal vaccination in the US. Discussions regarding successes, challenges, and future directions for the US meningococcal vaccination program are summarized. Current vaccination recommendations target adolescents/young adults (AYA), who are at increased risk of IMD. Suboptimal vaccination rates, particularly for meningococcal serogroup B disease, may stem from gaps in knowledge surrounding IMD and meningococcal vaccination among healthcare providers (HCPs), parents, and AYA; confusion among HCPs regarding the shared clinical decision-making recommendation for serogroup B vaccinations; demographic variables; and lack of preventive healthcare visits. ARTEMIS proposed strategies to address knowledge gaps and access barriers at the HCP, parent/AYA, and educational institution/policymaker levels. Alternative vaccination schedules using a recently approved MenABCWY vaccine that provides protection against all five major serogroups may simplify meningococcal vaccination and increase coverage.</p>","PeriodicalId":13592,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"1381-1403"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12271012/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144215725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy, Safety, and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Ceftazidime-Avibactam versus Polymyxin B in the Treatment of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Infections: A Target Trial Emulation.","authors":"Na Hu, Fengjiao Xiao, Yechao Chen, Qiaoling Gu, Pei Liang, Yin Xu, Jinchun Liu, Yunxing Liu, Yi-Chen Li, Yinqiu Xu, Mengyin Liu, Dayu Chen, Haixia Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s40121-025-01164-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40121-025-01164-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Treatment options for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infections are limited, with polymyxin B (PMB) and ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA) being among the available choices. However, research on these options is scarce and significantly heterogeneous. This study aims to analyze the efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of PMB and CZA within a standardized target trial emulation (TTE) framework.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study emulated a target trial to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of CZA versus PMB for treating CRE infections. Conducted at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, this study included adult patients treated with CZA or PMB from July 2020 to December 2022. Data on demographics, treatment outcomes, and costs were collected. The primary outcomes included clinical cure, incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs), and cost-effectiveness. Secondary outcomes assessed 28-day all-cause mortality, microbiological eradication rates, incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI), and gastrointestinal events. The outcomes were assessed using the modified intention-to-treat (mITT) effects, per-protocol effects, and propensity score overlap weighting (PSOW) methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between July 1, 2020, and December 31, 2022, 492 hospitalized patients treated with CZA or PMB were screened at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital. Following inclusion and exclusion criteria, 176 patients were included in the mITT analysis, and 153 in the per-protocol analysis. The clinical cure rate was significantly higher in the CZA group compared to the PMB group across all analyses. The 28-day mortality was similar between groups, while the microbial eradication rate was significantly higher in the CZA group compared to the PMB group across all analyses. The incidence of ADRs was consistent between groups, but AKI occurred more frequently in PMB patients, while gastrointestinal events were more common in the CZA group. The CZA strategy demonstrated a 28.1% increase in efficacy, with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of 71,651.76 yuan. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrates that CZA has a higher clinical cure rate compared to PMB within a standard TTE framework. However, the overall incidence of ADRs was similar between the two treatments. Pharmacoeconomic analysis also indicated that CZA is cost-effective.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>https://www.chictr.org.cn ; identifier, ChiCTR2300067946.</p>","PeriodicalId":13592,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"1419-1437"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12271043/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144086195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: West Nile Virus Outbreak in Israel 2024 Compared with Previous Seasons: A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Guy Katzenellenbogen, Michal Canetti, Ili Margalit, Yonatan Shusterman, Alon Simchovitz-Gesher, Lior Naveh, Nadav Baharav, Miki Goldenfeld, Ana Belkin, Marina Brod, Anat Wieder-Finesod, Eyal Leshem, Erez Magiel, Itzchak Levy, Yaniv Lustig, Victoria Indenbaum, Nicola Maggio, Shahar Dekel, Bella Mechnik, Yovel Peretz, Noam Barda, Amir Tafesh, Dafna Yahav, Gili Regev-Yochay","doi":"10.1007/s40121-025-01163-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40121-025-01163-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13592,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"1417-1418"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12271013/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}