Inflammation and Regeneration最新文献

{"title":"Localization and movement of Tregs in gastrointestinal tract: a systematic review.","authors":"Yosuke Harada,&nbsp;Kentaro Miyamoto,&nbsp;Akihiko Chida,&nbsp;Anna Tojo Okuzawa,&nbsp;Yusuke Yoshimatsu,&nbsp;Yumi Kudo,&nbsp;Tomohisa Sujino","doi":"10.1186/s41232-022-00232-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41232-022-00232-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The intestine is rich in food-derived and microbe-derived antigens. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are an essential T-cell population that prevents systemic autoimmune diseases and inhibits inflammation by encountering antigens. Previously, it was reported that the functional loss of Tregs induces systemic inflammation, including inflammatory bowel disease and graft-versus-host disease in human and murine models. However, there is a dearth of information about how Tregs localize in different tissues and suppress effector cells.</p><p><strong>Main body: </strong>The development of Tregs and their molecular mechanism in the digestive tract have been elucidated earlier using murine genetic models, infectious models, and human samples. Tregs suppress immune and other nonimmune cells through direct effect and cytokine production. The recent development of in vivo imaging technology allows us to visualize how Tregs localize and move in the settings of inflammation and homeostasis. This is important because, according to a recent report, Treg characterization and function are regulated by their location. Tregs located in the proximal intestine and its draining lymph nodes induce tolerance against food antigens, and those located in the distal intestine suppress the inflammation induced by microbial antigens. Taken together, various Tregs are induced in a location-specific manner in the gastrointestinal tract and influence the homeostasis of the gut.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this review, we summarize how Tregs are induced in the digestive tract and the application of in vivo Treg imaging to elucidate immune homeostasis in the digestive tract.</p>","PeriodicalId":13588,"journal":{"name":"Inflammation and Regeneration","volume":" ","pages":"47"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9632047/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40679350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapy-resistant nature of cancer stem cells in view of iron metabolism.","authors":"Wenqian Wang,&nbsp;Kouichi Tabu,&nbsp;Alapati Aimaitijiang,&nbsp;Tetsuya Taga","doi":"10.1186/s41232-022-00220-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41232-022-00220-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Due to increased resistance to standard chemo/radiotherapies and relapse, highly tumorigenic cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been proposed as a promising target for the development of effective cancer treatments. In order to develop innovative cancer therapies that target CSCs, much attention has focused on the iron metabolism of CSCs, which has been considered to contribute to self-renewal of CSCs. Here, we review recent advances in iron metabolism and conventional iron metabolism-targeted cancer therapies, as well as therapy resistance of CSCs and potential treatment options to overcome them, which provide important insights into therapeutic strategies against intractable cancers. Potential treatment options targeting iron homeostasis, including small-molecule inhibitors, nanotechnology platforms, ferroptosis, and 5-ALA-PDT, might be a focus of future research for the development of innovative cancer therapies that tackle CSCs.</p>","PeriodicalId":13588,"journal":{"name":"Inflammation and Regeneration","volume":" ","pages":"34"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9632139/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40662933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mesenchymal stromal cells in the thymus.","authors":"Takeshi Nitta","doi":"10.1186/s41232-022-00219-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41232-022-00219-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The microenvironment of the thymus is composed of a group of stromal cells that include endoderm-derived thymic epithelial cells (TECs) and mesenchymal stromal cells such as fibroblasts and serves as a site for the development of T cells. TECs are known to play an essential role in T cell differentiation and selection. Mesenchymal stromal cells have been less studied in terms of their immunological significance compared to TECs. Recently, new technologies have made it possible to identify and characterize mesenchymal stromal cells in the thymus, revealing their unique functions in thymic organogenesis and T cell development. This review outlines the current views on mesenchymal stromal cells in the thymus, particularly highlighting the newly discovered function of thymic fibroblasts in T cell repertoire selection.</p>","PeriodicalId":13588,"journal":{"name":"Inflammation and Regeneration","volume":" ","pages":"33"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9628078/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40461443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of the human gut virome in metabolic and autoimmune diseases.","authors":"Kosuke Fujimoto,&nbsp;Daichi Miyaoka,&nbsp;Satoshi Uematsu","doi":"10.1186/s41232-022-00218-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41232-022-00218-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The intestinal microbiome is dominated by bacteria and plays a pivotal role in the occurrence and development of disease, including several metabolic and autoimmune disorders. While intestinal viral communities, primarily made up of bacteriophages, are also thought to play a role in disease pathogenesis in the gastrointestinal tract, they have received much less attention than intestinal bacteria. Thus, there is limited information about the relationship between bacteriophages and disease. This review explores a potential role for the intestinal viral microbiome in various metabolic and autoimmune diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":13588,"journal":{"name":"Inflammation and Regeneration","volume":" ","pages":"32"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9623931/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40437084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel cell-free intrathecal approach with PRP for the treatment of spinal cord multiple sclerosis in cats.","authors":"Mariam F Farid,&nbsp;Yara S Abouelela,&nbsp;Noha A E Yasin,&nbsp;Mohamed R Mousa,&nbsp;Marwa A Ibrahim,&nbsp;Abdelbary Prince,&nbsp;Hamdy Rizk","doi":"10.1186/s41232-022-00230-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41232-022-00230-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. To date, there is no effective therapy for it. Our study aimed to determine the potential role of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the treatment of MS in cats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The current study was conducted on 15 adult Persian cats that were divided into three groups: control negative, control positive (ethidium bromide (EB)-treated group), and PRP co-treated group (EB-treated group intrathecally injected with PRP on day 14 post-spinal cord injury). PRP was obtained by centrifuging blood on anticoagulant citrate dextrose and activating it with red and green laser diodes. The Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) scores were used to assess the motor function recovery on days 1, 3, 7, 14, 20, and 28 following 14 days from EB injection. Moreover, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analysis, histopathological investigations, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies, and immunohistochemical analysis were conducted, and the gene expressions of nerve growth factors (NGFs), brain-derived neurotrophic factors (BDNF), and stromal cell-derived factors (SDF) were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results indicated that PRP had a significant ameliorative effect on the motor function of the hindlimbs as early as day 20 and so on. MRI revealed that the size and intensity of the lesion were significantly reduced in the PRP co-treated group. The histopathological and TEM investigations demonstrated that the PRP co-treated group had a significant improvement in the structure and organization of the white matter, as well as a high remyelination capacity. Furthermore, a significant increase in myelin basic protein and Olig2 immunoreactivity as well as a reduction in Bax and glial fibrillar acidic protein immune markers was observed. NGFs were found to be upregulated by gene expression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>As a result, we concluded that the intrathecal injection of PRP was an effective, safe, and promising method for the treatment of MS.</p>","PeriodicalId":13588,"journal":{"name":"Inflammation and Regeneration","volume":" ","pages":"45"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9563497/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33506378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accelerating skin regeneration and wound healing by controlled ROS from photodynamic treatment.","authors":"Khatereh Khorsandi,&nbsp;Reza Hosseinzadeh,&nbsp;HomaSadat Esfahani,&nbsp;Kavosh Zandsalimi,&nbsp;Fedora Khatibi Shahidi,&nbsp;Heidi Abrahamse","doi":"10.1186/s41232-022-00226-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41232-022-00226-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cellular metabolisms produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are essential for cellular signaling pathways and physiological functions. Nevertheless, ROS act as \"double-edged swords\" that have an unstable redox balance between ROS production and removal. A little raise of ROS results in cell proliferation enhancement, survival, and soft immune responses, while a high level of ROS could lead to cellular damage consequently protein, nucleic acid, and lipid damages and finally cell death. ROS play an important role in various pathological circumstances. On the contrary, ROS can show selective toxicity which is used against cancer cells and pathogens. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is based on three important components including a photosensitizer (PS), oxygen, and light. Upon excitation of the PS at a specific wavelength, the PDT process begins which leads to ROS generation. ROS produced during PDT could induce two different pathways. If PDT produces control and low ROS, it can lead to cell proliferation and differentiation. However, excess production of ROS by PDT causes cellular photo damage which is the main mechanism used in cancer treatment. This review summarizes the functions of ROS in living systems and describes role of PDT in production of controllable ROS and finally a special focus on current ROS-generating therapeutic protocols for regeneration and wound healing.</p>","PeriodicalId":13588,"journal":{"name":"Inflammation and Regeneration","volume":" ","pages":"40"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9529607/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33487102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic non-invasive brain treatments in Alzheimer's disease: recent advances and challenges.","authors":"Chongyun Wu,&nbsp;Luoman Yang,&nbsp;Shu Feng,&nbsp;Ling Zhu,&nbsp;Luodan Yang,&nbsp;Timon Cheng-Yi Liu,&nbsp;Rui Duan","doi":"10.1186/s41232-022-00216-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41232-022-00216-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the major neurodegenerative diseases and the most common form of dementia. Characterized by the loss of learning, memory, problem-solving, language, and other thinking abilities, AD exerts a detrimental effect on both patients' and families' quality of life. Although there have been significant advances in understanding the mechanism underlying the pathogenesis and progression of AD, there is no cure for AD. The failure of numerous molecular targeted pharmacologic clinical trials leads to an emerging research shift toward non-invasive therapies, especially multiple targeted non-invasive treatments. In this paper, we reviewed the advances of the most widely studied non-invasive therapies, including photobiomodulation (PBM), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), and exercise therapy. Firstly, we reviewed the pathological changes of AD and the challenges for AD studies. We then introduced these non-invasive therapies and discussed the factors that may affect the effects of these therapies. Additionally, we review the effects of these therapies and the possible mechanisms underlying these effects. Finally, we summarized the challenges of the non-invasive treatments in future AD studies and clinical applications. We concluded that it would be critical to understand the exact underlying mechanisms and find the optimal treatment parameters to improve the translational value of these non-invasive therapies. Moreover, the combined use of non-invasive treatments is also a promising research direction for future studies and sheds light on the future treatment or prevention of AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":13588,"journal":{"name":"Inflammation and Regeneration","volume":" ","pages":"31"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9527145/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40388071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphology-based noninvasive early prediction of serial-passage potency enhances the selection of clone-derived high-potency cell bank from mesenchymal stem cells.","authors":"Takashi Suyama,&nbsp;Yuto Takemoto,&nbsp;Hiromi Miyauchi,&nbsp;Yuko Kato,&nbsp;Yumi Matsuzaki,&nbsp;Ryuji Kato","doi":"10.1186/s41232-022-00214-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41232-022-00214-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rapidly expanding clones (RECs) are one of the single-cell-derived mesenchymal stem cell clones sorted from human bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs), which possess advantageous features. The RECs exhibit long-lasting proliferation potency that allows more than 10 repeated serial passages in vitro, considerably benefiting the manufacturing process of allogenic MSC-based therapeutic products. Although RECs aid the preparation of large-variation clone libraries for a greedy selection of better-quality clones, such a selection is only possible by establishing multiple-candidate cell banks for quality comparisons. Thus, there is a high demand for a novel method that can predict \"low-risk and high-potency clones\" early and in a feasible manner given the excessive cost and effort required to maintain such an establishment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>LNGFR and Thy-1 co-positive cells from BMMCs were single-cell-sorted into 96-well plates, and only fast-growing clones that reached confluency in 2 weeks were picked up and passaged as RECs. Fifteen RECs were prepared as passage 3 (P3) cryostock as the primary cell bank. From this cryostock, RECs were passaged until their proliferation limitation; their serial-passage limitation numbers were labeled as serial-passage potencies. At the P1 stage, phase-contrast microscopic images were obtained over 6-90 h to identify time-course changes of 24 morphological descriptors describing cell population information. Machine learning models were constructed using the morphological descriptors for predicting serial-passage potencies. The time window and field-of-view-number effects were evaluated to identify the most efficient image data usage condition for realizing high-performance serial-passage potency models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Serial-passage test results indicated variations of 7-13-repeated serial-passage potencies within RECs. Such potency values were predicted quantitatively with high performance (RMSE < 1.0) from P1 morphological profiles using a LASSO model. The earliest and minimum effort predictions require 6-30 h with 40 FOVs and 6-90 h with 15 FOVs, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We successfully developed a noninvasive morphology-based machine learning model to enhance the efficiency of establishing cell banks with single-cell-derived RECs for quantitatively predicting the future serial-passage potencies of clones. Conventional methods that can make noninvasive and quantitative predictions without wasting precious cells in the early stage are lacking; the proposed method will provide a more efficient and robust cell bank establishment process for allogenic therapeutic product manufacturing.</p>","PeriodicalId":13588,"journal":{"name":"Inflammation and Regeneration","volume":" ","pages":"30"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9526913/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40388208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of molecular subtypes based on inflammatory response in lower-grade glioma.","authors":"Wanzun Lin,&nbsp;Jing Gao,&nbsp;Haojiong Zhang,&nbsp;Li Chen,&nbsp;Xianxin Qiu,&nbsp;Qingting Huang,&nbsp;Jiyi Hu,&nbsp;Lin Kong,&nbsp;Jiade J Lu","doi":"10.1186/s41232-022-00215-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41232-022-00215-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Inflammatory response is an important characteristic affecting prognosis and therapeutic response in lower-grade glioma (LGG). However, the molecular subtypes based on inflammatory response are still under exploitation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The RNA sequencing, somatic mutation, and corresponding clinical data from 1205 LGG patients were obtained from the TCGA, CGGA, and Rembrandt cohorts. Consensus clustering was performed to identify molecular subtypes associated with inflammation. Prognosis, clinicopathologic features, immune cell infiltration, and somatic mutation profile were compared among these inflammation-associated subtypes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results demonstrate that LGG could be categorized into inflammation-, low, -mid, and -high subtypes with distinct clinicopathologic features, prognostic and tumor microenvironment. We established that this categorization was reproducible, as well as predictable. In general, inflammation-high subtype presents a dismal prognosis with the immunosuppressive microenvironment and high frequency of oncogene mutation. Inversely, inflammation-low subtype was associated with the most favorable clinical outcomes with the immunoreactive microenvironment among three subtypes. Moreover, we develop and validate an inflammation-related prognostic model, which shows strong power for prognosis assessment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, we established a novel glioma classification based on the inflammation subtype. This classification had significant outcomes for estimating the prognosis, as well as the tumor microenvironment.</p>","PeriodicalId":13588,"journal":{"name":"Inflammation and Regeneration","volume":" ","pages":"29"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9526248/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40384481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imatinib inhibits pericyte-fibroblast transition and inflammation and promotes axon regeneration by blocking the PDGF-BB/PDGFRβ pathway in spinal cord injury.","authors":"Fei Yao,&nbsp;Yang Luo,&nbsp;Yan-Chang Liu,&nbsp;Yi-Hao Chen,&nbsp;Yi-Teng Li,&nbsp;Xu-Yang Hu,&nbsp;Xing-Yu You,&nbsp;Shui-Sheng Yu,&nbsp;Zi-Yu Li,&nbsp;Lei Chen,&nbsp;Da-Sheng Tian,&nbsp;Mei-Ge Zheng,&nbsp;Li Cheng,&nbsp;Jue-Hua Jing","doi":"10.1186/s41232-022-00223-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41232-022-00223-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fibrotic scar formation and inflammation are characteristic pathologies of spinal cord injury (SCI) in the injured core, which has been widely regarded as the main barrier to axonal regeneration resulting in permanent functional recovery failure. Pericytes were shown to be the main source of fibroblasts that form fibrotic scar. However, the mechanism of pericyte-fibroblast transition after SCI remains elusive.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fibrotic scarring and microvessels were assessed using immunofluorescence staining after establishing a crush SCI model. To study the process of pericyte-fibroblast transition, we analyzed pericyte marker and fibroblast marker expression using immunofluorescence. The distribution and cellular origin of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB were examined with immunofluorescence. Pericyte-fibroblast transition was detected with immunohistochemistry and Western blot assays after PDGF-BB knockdown and blocking PDGF-BB/PDGFRβ signaling in vitro. Intrathecal injection of imatinib was used to selectively inhibit PDGF-BB/PDGFRβ signaling. The Basso mouse scale score and footprint analysis were performed to assess functional recovery. Subsequently, axonal regeneration, fibrotic scarring, fibroblast population, proliferation and apoptosis of PDGFRβ⁺ cells, microvessel leakage, and the inflammatory response were assessed with immunofluorescence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PDGFRβ⁺ pericytes detached from the blood vessel wall and transitioned into fibroblasts to form fibrotic scar after SCI. PDGF-BB was mainly distributed in the periphery of the injured core, and microvascular endothelial cells were one of the sources of PDGF-BB in the acute phase. Microvascular endothelial cells induced pericyte-fibroblast transition through the PDGF-BB/PDGFRβ signaling pathway in vitro. Pharmacologically blocking the PDGF-BB/PDGFRβ pathway promoted motor function recovery and axonal regeneration and inhibited fibrotic scar formation. After fibrotic scar formation, blocking the PDGFRβ receptor inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis of PDGFRβ⁺ cells. Imatinib did not alter pericyte coverage on microvessels, while microvessel leakage and inflammation were significantly decreased after imatinib treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We reveal that the crosstalk between microvascular endothelial cells and pericytes promotes pericyte-fibroblast transition through the PDGF-BB/PDGFRβ signaling pathway. Our finding suggests that blocking the PDGF-BB/PDGFRβ signaling pathway with imatinib contributes to functional recovery, fibrotic scarring, and inflammatory attenuation after SCI and provides a potential target for the treatment of SCI.</p>","PeriodicalId":13588,"journal":{"name":"Inflammation and Regeneration","volume":" ","pages":"44"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9511779/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40375068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}