European Journal of Physical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE FLOW STRUCTURE OF POLAR SOLVENT AND UNREFINED HYDROCARBON FLOWING IN A CYLINDRICAL BIFURCATED CHANNEL","authors":"Chijioke A Egbo, T. M. Abbey, A. Ngiangia, Jane A Dappa, K. U. Ugoji","doi":"10.47672/ejps.950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/ejps.950","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The effect of geometric bifurcated system on flow of fluid may be greatly influenced by the angle of bifurcation or the density, capillary action etc. and other physical properties of the fluid. The aim of this work is to carry out a comparative analysis of the flow structure of polar solvent and unrefined hydrocarbons in a cylindrical bifurcated channel. \u0000Materials and Methods: An experimental method was used to study the flow structure of water and crude oil, representing polar solvent and unrefined hydrocarbon respectively flowing through a bifurcated channel, with angles of bifurcation ranging from 10o, 20o, 30o, 40o, 50o and 60o, corresponding to 5o, 10o, 15o, 20o, 25o and 30o measured from the centerline of the main channel. The fluid samples were allowed to flow through the bifurcated channels and the time taken to recover 100ml, 200ml, 300ml 400ml and 500ml in a beaker is recorded. The bifurcated angle is resolved into vertical and horizontal components and the total length for both components obtained, as the flow velocity is computed for both lengths and the results presented. \u0000Results: The profile of resulted shows that for polar solvents such as water, the velocity gradient increases as the vertical distance increases and horizontal distance decrease correspondingly due to increasing bifurcation angle, as a similar trend is also observed for crude oil. \u0000Conclusion: For both samples representing their respective class of fluid, the result further shows the existence of velocity difference at opposite walls of the bifurcated daughter channels. The wall at higher velocity is usually the site where the skin friction that changes the flow from laminar to turbulent is created. The experimental result confirmed the effects of bifurcation on flow stability to significant in a more viscous fluid. \u0000Recommendation:  Fluid samples with different physical properties should be investigated using this experimental technic, and the impact of two-stage bifurcated system can also be investigated to ascertain the degree of stability offer by the geometric bifurcated network system.","PeriodicalId":135806,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Physical Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128406986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"USING INCIDENT LEARNING IN RADIATION THERAPY: THE FIRST-HAND EXPERIENCE IN A LOW-INCOME SETTING USING CUTTING-EDGE TECHNOLOGY","authors":"E. Addison, Ruth Yankson, Amos Ngoah, F. Boakye, K. Preko","doi":"10.47672/ejps.902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/ejps.902","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To explore the implementation of an incident learning system for quality management of radiotherapy in a low-income radiotherapy setting. \u0000Materials and Methods: An incident learning system was specifically designed using the human-centred design, the waterfall model was implemented for error identification and learning of individual incidents. The incidents that occurred in external beam radiotherapy for 8 years, were reported. \u0000Results and Discussion: A total of 122 incidents, 49 Near-misses and 28 non-conformance were identified with 4465 patients treated within the 8 years. The total average percentage of 2.73, 1.10, 0.63 and 4.46 were detected for incidents, near miss and non-conformance respectively. The average incident, near miss and non-conformance rate per 100 patients treated were 2.73, 1.10 and 0.63 respectively over the 8-years review period. The highest wrong total dose error of 79 occurred in the eighth year. Trend analysis identifies major improvements in clinical practice by measuring and analyzing patterns of incidents over time. The trending incident levels for each treatment site were in decreasing order of level 4, level 1, level 2, level 5, and level 3. \u0000Conclusion: Treatment status gave an overview of the quality of clinical decisions and implementation in the management of radiotherapy patients. Effective implementation of incident learning can reduce the occurrence of near misses/incidents and enhance the culture of safety. \u0000Recommendation: Future iterations, would improve the error tagging and solution recommendation parts, and extend the implementation all radiotherapy centres in the country.","PeriodicalId":135806,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Physical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130206507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DESIGN ADAPTATION OF BATCH CRUDE OIL BOILER FOR CONTINUOUS DISTILLATION OPERATIONS.","authors":"P. Igbagara","doi":"10.47672/ejps.754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/ejps.754","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Boilers are some of the most critical equipment in many production process especially in refinery operations, as it is used in generating steam for different applications. Different types of boilers are available commercially and have comparative advantages over one another. The pot or kettle boiler is the foremost of these equipment and consists of an empty vessel with a secure lid and a burner that is the source of heating. Though overtaken in industrial applications by more modern designs, these simple boilers which are often batch process equipment are still useful for small production processes at low pressures. The work here developed design adaptation of these batch boilers for continuous vaporization of crude oil for artesian refining of the oil. \u0000Methodology: Physical and assay data of Bonnylight Crude Oil (BLCO) was used for the work from the library of ASPEN Technologies. Simple mathematical models were developed from interpretation of implicit phenomena of the boiler transformation process. The models were validated using ASPEN HYSYS process simulation software Version 10. \u0000Findings: Computational results of the models and simulation results gave good convergence except for the heat transfer parameter of the model which had almost 100% of the simulation value. Nevertheless, the models have good predictive capabilities \u0000Recommendation: The design adaption models herein developed can be deployed with reasonable accuracy for the heating of crude oil especially for small artesian operations. However, the study space of the subject matter can be expanded for better accuracy and reliability.","PeriodicalId":135806,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Physical Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115206574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ELECTRODEPOSITION OF SILVER THIN FILMS ON A GOLD SUBSTRATE IN THE PRESENCE OF OCIMUM GRATISSIMUM (Og) AND VERNONIA AMYGDALINA (Va) PLANT LEAF EXTRACTS.","authors":"R. Mfon, Z. A. Amri, A. Sarua","doi":"10.47672/ejps.675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/ejps.675","url":null,"abstract":"Electrodeposition an advanced thin film deposition method originally used for decorative purposes and now widely used in industrial applications such as electronics, phonics, magnetic recording and protective coatings, has also been used for the production of size and structure-controlled nanoparticles. In this research, the electrodeposition of silver (Ag) films on gold (Au) substrates with two plant (Ocimum gratissimum (Og) and Vernonia amygdalina (Va) leaf extracts as additives was explored . The effect of these leaf extracts immediately after addition and after a prolonged exposure in the electrolyte on the silver deposits was studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (CA) and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV).  Silver thin films were electrodeposited on gold film from an electrolyte of 5 mM AgNO3  and later 5 mM AgNO3 +0.1 M KNO3 for 10 minutes, using a double potential step protocol and potentials -0.15 V and -0.3 V with and without the  plant leaf extracts. As silver was grown on the gold substrate, silver nanoparticles were also discovered to have been formed in the electrolyte. Though the deposition potential in the presence of the plant leaf extracts affected the kinetics of the silver deposition on the gold substrate, it only slightly affected the silver film thickness on the gold.   CV graphs with the plant leaf extracts show lower current densities indicating a slowing down of the deposition/dissolution rates of silver probably due to the adsorption of the leaf extracts on the surface of the growing silver films which may have affected the transport of silver ions (Ag+) towards the electrode and impacted on the silver deposition/dissolution kinetics. The deposited silver film thickness was 7 nm to 8 nm with the Og leaf extract and 1.5 nm to 2 nm with the Va leaf extract. Atomic Force microscope (AFM) was used for viewing the silver films and the mean grain sizes of the Og silver films was calculated to be . This was larger than those of the Va silver films calculated to be While the Va silver films surface roughness was higher at 10.6 , that of the Og silver film was 9.3.","PeriodicalId":135806,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Physical Sciences","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122423970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ANALYSIS OF THE DAILY HOURLY DEPARTURES OF THE GEOMAGNETIC H FIELD OVER LOW-LATITUDE STATIONS","authors":"I. Adimula, G. I. Ojerheghan","doi":"10.47672/EJPS.606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/EJPS.606","url":null,"abstract":"The telecommunication technologies deployed in the last decades have shown that there are better days ahead. From electric telegraphs systems in the 19th century to today’s wireless communication using satellites and land links (Lanzerotti, 2001). The horizontal component (H-field) of the geomagnetic field has great impacts in the present-day communication technologies. The aim of this paper was to analyse the daily hourly departures of geomagnetic H-field along the low-latitude stations on the equatorial chain in relation to their correlation coefficients with their longitudes. The magnitude of H-component is a very significant factor in the determination of the total magnetic field of any location on the earth. The baseline values (H0) which is the average of H components at 23LT, 24LT, 1LT and 2LT were subtracted from the hourly values of H (Ht) to obtain the hourly departures of H (dH). The hourly departures of H (dH) from the baseline is non-cyclic since H1 ≠ H24 as observed over the three MAGDAS stations in Nigeria. The correlation coefficients between dHs of Lagos/Ilorin, Ilorin/Abuja and Abuja/Ilorin are 0.97, 0.75 and 0.66 respectively. This suggests that substorms are deflected eastwards along different longitudes due to the rotation of the earth such that locations in the same longitudes have the same hourly departures. There is no solar radiation during the nighttime, thus dH should be zero but for the energy stored in the magnetotail, the reduction of hourly departures towards nighttime in Nigeria is evident. This is further revealed as the midnight dH amplitudes decrease regularly. The eastward motion of the electrons during substorms was suggested to be responsible for the reduction of the H-field at the nightside magnetotail region for all the stations. These findings will assist the telecommunication companies to know which location is best for their transmitters to be sited in order to reduce loss of signals along the optical cables to the receivers. Furthermore, global telecomms companies should have business continuity plan which should include risk assessment and prompt response to geomagnetic disturbances being one of the causes for telecommunication outages.","PeriodicalId":135806,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Physical Sciences","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130452340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF GROSS ALPHA, GROSS BETA RADIOACTIVITY AND HEAVY METALS CONCENTRATION IN SOIL SAMPLES IN WUKARI, TARABA STATE","authors":"Mgbukwu Matthew Uchenna, Fred Rimamsiwe, Odoh Christopher Mmaduabuchi, Buraimoh Samuel Osaretin","doi":"10.47672/ejps.432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/ejps.432","url":null,"abstract":"This study is aimed at assessment of gross alpha, gross beta radioactivity and heavy metals concentration in soil samples. It involves ten (10) different locations in Wukari, Taraba state. The analyses included gross alpha and beta radioactivity using MPC-2000-DP and the measurement of heavy metals concentration using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The results obtained showed that the gross alpha activities ranged from (0.0027±0.0003- 0.0177±0.0001) Bq/g while the gross beta ranged from (0.0125±0.0020-0.2379±0.0012) Bq/g .The present study indicates that the nature of soil in the study area has a very low level radiation. Measured values of gross alpha contamination in soil samples collected from different locations in the study area were found below the permissible range of WHO. The total heavy metals Cu, Pb, Zn, Co,Fe were evaluated in the soil samples. Based on the findings concentrations of these soils were analyzed showed significantly higher concentrations which follow the order Pb˃Fe˃Cu˃Co˃Zn, comparing with WHO standards guidelines, the results revealed that food samples planted on this soil could be disastrous to human health","PeriodicalId":135806,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Physical Sciences","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115063128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFECT OF CHEMICAL REACTION ON MIXED CONVECTION FLOW OF AN EXOTHERMIC FLUID IN A VERTICAL POROUS CHANNEL","authors":"M. Sani, A. Sheriff","doi":"10.47672/ejps.427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/ejps.427","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, effect of chemical reaction on mixed convection flow of an exothermic fluid in a vertical porous channel is considered. The dimensionless ordinary differential equations were solved using differential transformation method (DTM) to obtain the expression of velocity, temperature and concentration from momentum, energy and mass equations.  The effect of Skin friction, Nusselt number and Sherwood number with various parameters on velocity, temperature and concentration are presented and discussed. The result indicated that the velocity, temperature and concentration increases with the increase in suction/injection and mixed convection parameters.","PeriodicalId":135806,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Physical Sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130084710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HYDROMAGNETIC MIXED CONVECTION FLOW OF AN EXOTHERMIC FLUID IN A VERTICAL CHANNEL","authors":"A. Sheriff, M. Sani","doi":"10.47672/ejps.408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/ejps.408","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, Hydromagnetic mixed convection flow of an exothermic fluid in a vertical channel is considered. The dimensionless ordinary differential equations were solved using differential transformation method (DTM) to obtain the expression of velocity, temperature and concentration. From momentum, energy and mass equations.  The effect of Skin friction, Nusselt number and Sherwood number with various parameters on velocity, temperature and concentration are presented and discussed. The result indicated that the effect of t, is to increase the Skin friction while K increases it at upper plate and suppresses it at lower plate.","PeriodicalId":135806,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Physical Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127849115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"APPLYING DUDUCTIONS FROM NAVIER STOKES EQUATION TO FLOW SITUATIONS IN GAS PIPELINE NETWORK SYSTEM","authors":"Mathew Shadrack Uzoma","doi":"10.47672/ejps.402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/ejps.402","url":null,"abstract":"Navier Stokes equations are theoretical equations for pressure-flow-temperature problems in gas pipelines. Other well-known gas equations such as Weymouth, Panhandle A and Modified Panhandle B equations are employed in gas pipeline design and operational procedures at a level of practical relevance. Attaining optimality in the performance of this system entails concrete understanding of the theoretical and prevailing practical flow conditions. In this regard, Navier Stoke’s mass, momentum and energy equations had been worked upon subject to certain simplifying assumptions to deduced expressions for flow velocity and throughput in gas pipeline network system. This work could also bridge the link among theoretical, operational and optimal level of performance in gas pipelines. Purpose: The purpose of this research is to build a measure of practical relevance in gas pipeline operational procedures that would ultimately couple the missing links between theoretical flow equations such as Navier Stokes equation and practical gas pipeline flow equations. Such practical gas pipeline flow models are Weymouth, Panhandle A and Modified Panhandle B equations among others.Methodology: The approach in this regard entails reducing Narvier Stoke’s mas, momentum and energy equations to their appropriate forms by applicable practical conditions. By so doing flow models are deduced that could be worked upon by computational approach analytically or numerically to determine line throughput and flow velocity.The reduced forms of the Navier Stokes velocity and throughput equations would be applied to operating gas pipelines in Nigeria terrain. The gas pipelines are ElfTotal Nig. Ltd and Shell Petroleum Development Company (SPDC). This would enable the comparison of these gas pipelines operational data with theoretical results of Navier Stokes equations reduced to their appropriate forms.Findings: The follow up paper would employ theoretical and numerical discretization computational methods to compare theoretical and numerical discretization results to give a clue if these operating gas pipelines are operated at optimal level of performance.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The reduced forms of Nervier Stokes equations applied to physical operating gas pipelines network system is considered by the researcher to be an endeavor of academic excellence that would foster clear cut understanding of theoretical and practical flow situations. It could also open up a measure of understanding to pushing a flow to attaining optical conditions in practical real life flow situations. Operating gas pipelines optimally would reduce the spread of these capital intensive assets and facilities and more so conserving our limited reserves for foreign exchange.","PeriodicalId":135806,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Physical Sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123433216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"APPLICATION OF THE DEDUCTIONS FROM NAVIER STOKES EQUATIONS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF FLOW VELOCITY AND THROUGHPUT IN A GAS PIPELINE BY COMPUTATIONAL APPROACH","authors":"Mathew Shadrack Uzoma","doi":"10.47672/ejps.400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/ejps.400","url":null,"abstract":"Theoretical treatment of gas pipeline pressure-flow problem had been presented applying Navier Stokes equation reduced to their appropriate forms by applicable practical conditions. The results obtained from the theoretical analysis tally with the operating conditions of the case study pipelines. The pipelines being Shell Petroleum Development Company (SPDC) and ElfTotal Nigeria Limited. The results obtained by numerical discretization suggested that these pipelines are not optimally operated. Hence, the need to adjust the flow situation to bring pressure and flow throughput to optimal level of performance. Throughput in excess of the operating conditions could be accommodated by these operating pipelines. It is imperative that this could prevent the spread of these vital capital intensive assets. The funds so conserved could be diverted to sourcing for new gas fields to increase the nation’s strategic reserves.Purpose: The purpose of this work is to enable comparative analysis of the results of the deductions from Nervier Stokes equations with that generated by computer simulation of the discrete formulation.Methodology: Outlining the deductions and developing the discrete formulation. Computer program was developed for the discrete formulation and operational data from operating gas pipelines injected both for the deductions and computational algorithmic coding and the deduced expressions from the Nervier Stokes equations. Results obtained were compared in a bid to address line throughput subject to the operational conditions of the specified gas pipelines in this study.Findings: The output results of the Nervier Stokes deductions matched closed with operational throughput of the two gas pipelines. The numerical discretization simulation results confirmed that additional throughput far and above 1.8m3/s could still be accommodated by these gas pipelines.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: As earlier predicted, our existing gas pipelines are grossly under-operated. Additional capacity much more than the operational capacity could still be accommodated by these gas pipelines.","PeriodicalId":135806,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Physical Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133383342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}