COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE FLOW STRUCTURE OF POLAR SOLVENT AND UNREFINED HYDROCARBON FLOWING IN A CYLINDRICAL BIFURCATED CHANNEL

Chijioke A Egbo, T. M. Abbey, A. Ngiangia, Jane A Dappa, K. U. Ugoji
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Abstract

Objective: The effect of geometric bifurcated system on flow of fluid may be greatly influenced by the angle of bifurcation or the density, capillary action etc. and other physical properties of the fluid. The aim of this work is to carry out a comparative analysis of the flow structure of polar solvent and unrefined hydrocarbons in a cylindrical bifurcated channel. Materials and Methods: An experimental method was used to study the flow structure of water and crude oil, representing polar solvent and unrefined hydrocarbon respectively flowing through a bifurcated channel, with angles of bifurcation ranging from 10o, 20o, 30o, 40o, 50o and 60o, corresponding to 5o, 10o, 15o, 20o, 25o and 30o measured from the centerline of the main channel. The fluid samples were allowed to flow through the bifurcated channels and the time taken to recover 100ml, 200ml, 300ml 400ml and 500ml in a beaker is recorded. The bifurcated angle is resolved into vertical and horizontal components and the total length for both components obtained, as the flow velocity is computed for both lengths and the results presented. Results: The profile of resulted shows that for polar solvents such as water, the velocity gradient increases as the vertical distance increases and horizontal distance decrease correspondingly due to increasing bifurcation angle, as a similar trend is also observed for crude oil. Conclusion: For both samples representing their respective class of fluid, the result further shows the existence of velocity difference at opposite walls of the bifurcated daughter channels. The wall at higher velocity is usually the site where the skin friction that changes the flow from laminar to turbulent is created. The experimental result confirmed the effects of bifurcation on flow stability to significant in a more viscous fluid. Recommendation:  Fluid samples with different physical properties should be investigated using this experimental technic, and the impact of two-stage bifurcated system can also be investigated to ascertain the degree of stability offer by the geometric bifurcated network system.
极性溶剂与未精炼烃在圆柱形分岔通道内流动结构的比较分析
目的:几何分岔系统对流体流动的影响受分岔角度或流体密度、毛细作用等物理性质的影响较大。本研究的目的是对极性溶剂和未精炼碳氢化合物在圆柱形分岔通道中的流动结构进行比较分析。材料与方法:采用实验方法研究了水和原油的流动结构,分别代表极性溶剂和未精炼烃在分岔通道中流动,分岔角度分别为100、200、300、400、500和600,分别对应从主通道中心线处测量的50、100、150、200、250和300度。让液体样品流过分叉通道,记录100ml、200ml、300ml、400ml和500ml在烧杯中回收所需的时间。分叉角被分解为垂直和水平分量,并得到两个分量的总长度,同时计算两个长度的流速和给出的结果。结果:结果剖面表明,对于水等极性溶剂,速度梯度随垂直距离的增加而增大,水平距离随分岔角的增大而减小,原油也有类似的趋势。结论:对于代表各自流体类别的两个样本,结果进一步表明在分叉子通道的相对壁上存在速度差。速度较高的壁面通常是使层流变为湍流的表面摩擦产生的地方。实验结果证实,在粘性较大的流体中,分岔对流动稳定性的影响更为显著。建议:不同物理性质的流体样品应使用该实验技术进行研究,并且还可以研究两级分叉系统的影响,以确定几何分叉网络系统提供的稳定性程度。
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