{"title":"A Thermal Resistance Network Model of 3D-Stacked Stand-Alone MRAM","authors":"Ruoxue Yong, Yanfeng Jiang","doi":"10.1109/intermag39746.2022.9827837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/intermag39746.2022.9827837","url":null,"abstract":"Unlike traditional memories such as SRAM and DRAM, STT-MRAM has many advantages, especially non-volatility, which has attracted the attention of many researchers in recent years. Nowadays, MRAM is one of the most competitive candidates for next-generation universial memory. Its power consumption is one of the important merits for its practical application to take the place of the incumbent memories in near future. For the stand-alone STT-MRAM with large capacity, the 3D-stacking technology is adopted to pile up multiple chips in the single package, in which a heat sink is applied on the top for the heat management. On this scenario, the spintronic devices in the memory need large switching current for fast switching speed, which requires more power consumption and heat fluxes in STT-MRAM chip. On the other hand, the 3D stacking architecture of STT-MRAM shows specific properties on the power budget and the thermal management. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a thermal model for the power-related 3D stacked MRAM in the early stage of the package architecture design. In this paper, a thermal resistance network model of the 3D-stacked MRAM is proposed for the thermal analysis of the 3D-stacked memory. The effects, including the number of stacked layers, the size of chips, the power density, and the heat dissipation capacity, are evaluated based on the established thermal model. The results show that this model facilitates the communication between the circuit designer responsible for power consumption and the package designer responsible for heat dissipation in the early stage of the MRAM design. The accuracy of the model is as the same as that of the finite element approach, showing its feasibility in evaluation of the thermal issues, with the benefits of the time-saving and cost-effective.","PeriodicalId":135715,"journal":{"name":"2022 Joint MMM-Intermag Conference (INTERMAG)","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132077610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"2-D Analytical Modeling of Surface Mounted Permanent Magnet Machines With External Rotor Core","authors":"V. Z. Faradonbeh, A. Rahideh, E. Amiri","doi":"10.1109/intermag39746.2022.9827780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/intermag39746.2022.9827780","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a computationally efficient two—dimensional (2-D) analytical framework for predicting the electromagnetic response of Permanent Magnet (PM) machines with external rotor core. The machine structure is divided into multiple subdomains and Maxwell equations are solved by applying relevant boundary conditions. The stator slots are modeled via virtual surface magnetization currents on the outer surface of the stator bore. To improve the precision of the model, the magnetization current is injected on both the teeth lateral sides and the slot opening area. As a result, the presented model provides more accurate results with respect to the standard virtual current model. The presented model is applied on a fractional slot concentrated winding (FSCW) PM machine with external rotor core, and the no-load electromagnetic performance metrics are calculated. For validation purposes, analytical results are supported via finite element method (FEM) and experimental tests.","PeriodicalId":135715,"journal":{"name":"2022 Joint MMM-Intermag Conference (INTERMAG)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115682393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Kikitsu, Y. Kurosaki, S. Shirotori, A. Fujita, H. Nishigaki, S. Matsunaka
{"title":"New Magnetic Multilayer for a Direct On-chip EMI Shielding Layer on a Mold Substrate in the sub-100 MHz Frequency Range","authors":"A. Kikitsu, Y. Kurosaki, S. Shirotori, A. Fujita, H. Nishigaki, S. Matsunaka","doi":"10.1109/intermag39746.2022.9827778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/intermag39746.2022.9827778","url":null,"abstract":"A new type of metallic/magnetic multilayer system was investigated as a direct on-chip electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding layer for the sub-100 MHz frequency range. It was found that a multilayer of [Cu (100 nm)/Ni-Fe-Cu-Mo (NFCM) (100 nm)]10/[Ta (5 nm)/NFCM (50 nm)]55/[Ta (5 nm)/NFCM (300 nm)]10 exhibited a high shielding effect at around 50 MHz for both glass and mold substrates. This structure also exhibited a better shielding effect at 170 kHz than the conventional magnetic shielding. These results are due to magneto-static interactions between multilayer units, which was evidenced by a hysteresis loop typical for a single-layer soft magnetic film. It is suggested that the coupling reduces the energy of the domain wall resonance and shifts the resonance peak to lower frequency. It was also found that substitution of CrTi layer for the Ta layer further improved the shielding effect in the lower frequency region. This multilayer system is a promising candidate for the direct-on-chip shielding layer covering the kHz to sub-100 MHz frequency range, which is suitable for application in power modules used for mobile devices and electric vehicles.","PeriodicalId":135715,"journal":{"name":"2022 Joint MMM-Intermag Conference (INTERMAG)","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131727507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design of Litz Wire for a Slotless High-speed Permanent Magnet Motor with Gramme-ring Windings","authors":"Lingfeng Zhu, Yuan Wan, Yuqi Jia, Jian Guo, Qiang Li, Xuefeng Jiang","doi":"10.1109/intermag39746.2022.9827807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/intermag39746.2022.9827807","url":null,"abstract":"The heating problem is a major concern for the design of high-speed permanent magnet motor (HSPMM). This paper first analyzed the copper loss of the litz wires of a slotless gramme-ring-winding HSPMM with gramme-ring windings, combining the analytical and finite-element methods. Then the computational fluid dynamics model was established for thermal analysis. Through the calculation of the loss and temperature field, the strand number and cross-section shapes were finally optimized for litz wires to pursue the minimum temperature rise of the motor, with the methods of DOE and second-order response surface. The proposed optimization process of the design of litz wires is also useful in other electric motors.","PeriodicalId":135715,"journal":{"name":"2022 Joint MMM-Intermag Conference (INTERMAG)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123389659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Characteristics Analysis and Comparison of Conventional and Segmental Rotor Type 12/8 Double Stator Bearingless Switched Reluctance Motors","authors":"Zhenyao Xu, Zhu-bao Zhou, Zhijun Fan, Yue Qi, Feng Zhang","doi":"10.1109/intermag39746.2022.9827861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/intermag39746.2022.9827861","url":null,"abstract":"A novel segmental rotor type 12/8 double stator bearingless switched reluctance motor (DSBSRM) is proposed in this paper. The proposed DSBSRM includes six parts: outer stator, rotor, inner stator, shaft, torque and suspending force windings. Although the function of outer and inner stators of the proposed DSBSRM is the same as that of conventional 12/8 DSBSRM, unlike conventional 12/8 DSBSRM, the outer stator of the proposed DSBSRM has two types of stator poles: exciting and auxiliary poles. Moreover, the rotor of the proposed DSBSRM does not have any mechanical saliency, and it is composed of rotor segments, nonmagnetic isolator and toroidal core. The rotor segments and toroidal core are embedded in the outside and inside of the nonmagnetic isolator, respectively. Due to particularity of the structure, the proposed DSBSRM operates in short flux paths, and fluxes produced from the torque and suspending force windings are independent from each other. Therefore, compared with conventional 12/8 DSBSRM, the proposed DSBSRM not only improves the output torque density, but also has better decoupling characteristics between torque and suspending force control. To verify the proposed structure, finite element method (FEM) is employed to get the characteristics of the proposed DSBSRM. Meanwhile, a conventional 12/8 DSBSRM is also analyzed for comparison. Finally, the validity of proposed structure is verified by simulation results.","PeriodicalId":135715,"journal":{"name":"2022 Joint MMM-Intermag Conference (INTERMAG)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125163830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Weighted Error Correcting Code (WECC) for Asymmetric Errors in STT-MRAM","authors":"Qiguang Wang, Yanfeng Jiang","doi":"10.1109/intermag39746.2022.9827877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/intermag39746.2022.9827877","url":null,"abstract":"As a promising non-volatile memory, Spin-Transfer Torque Magnetic RAM (STT-MRAM) has attracted the attention from both academics and industries due to its high-density, non-volatile, CMOS process compatibility and low leakage current, etc.. However, non-negligible error rate that exists in STT-MRAM should be paid attention since the MTJ device is two-terminal-ones with the same current path shared by write & read operations. And the error occurrence rate of STT-MRAM shows an obvious asymmetric, where the memory cell storing data 1 is more fragile than the cell storing data 0. This asymmetry arouses the requirement on the new strategy of error correction code (ECC). The traditional ECC approach applied on FLASH can't be used on STT-MRAM anymore. In the paper, a weighted error correction approach (WECC) is proposed, which includes the influence of the asymmetric error rate on STT-MRAM and achieves more efficient error correction. Simulation results show that WECC strategy can reduce the error rate by 3.5 times compared to the traditional BCH ECC approach. Also, the energy consumption of WECC is reduced by 3%. The proposed WECC can be used for the error correction of the novel non-volatile memories with asymmetric storing property.","PeriodicalId":135715,"journal":{"name":"2022 Joint MMM-Intermag Conference (INTERMAG)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129237087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sumeet Khalid, F. Khan, Zahoor Ahmad, Basharat Ullah
{"title":"Design and Analysis of Modular C-core Moving Magnet Linear Oscillating Actuator for Miniature Compressor Application","authors":"Sumeet Khalid, F. Khan, Zahoor Ahmad, Basharat Ullah","doi":"10.1109/intermag39746.2022.9827794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/intermag39746.2022.9827794","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a miniature tubular moving magnet linear oscillating actuator (MT-MMLOA) that operates on an electrodynamic actuation mechanism. The proposed linear oscillating actuator comprises of two main parts: the stator and the mover. In this topology, the stator assembly is composed of a modular C-core structure along with a separator to prevent flux cancellation, and the mover assembly accommodates axially magnetized permanent magnets (PMs) that contribute to high thrust force generation and present a less costly actuator compared to the conventional actuator design. The finite element analysis is performed and validated experimentally. Numerous linear oscillating actuator topologies proposed previously in the literature are compared with MT-MMLOA to analyze the electromagnetic performance. The results show that the motor constant, which is the performance parameter, is significantly increased from the conventional design. The PM volume is reduced, which is cost-effective. The overall volume of MT-MMLOA is also reduced due to reduction in PM volume, which is advantageous for compactness. Consequently, the proposed MT-MMLOA is simple in structure, less costly, and easy to fabricate.","PeriodicalId":135715,"journal":{"name":"2022 Joint MMM-Intermag Conference (INTERMAG)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127738033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shogo Yamashita, T. Yoshioka, H. Tsuchiura, P. Novák
{"title":"Theoretical investigation of electronic structure and orbital moment of the Sm ions in SmFe12 using generalized gradient approximation Theoretical Investigation of Electronic Structure and Orbital Moment of the Sm Ions in SmFe12 using Generalized Gradient Approximation +U MethodU$ method","authors":"Shogo Yamashita, T. Yoshioka, H. Tsuchiura, P. Novák","doi":"10.1109/intermag39746.2022.9827808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/intermag39746.2022.9827808","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we evaluated the electronic structure and the orbital moments of the Sm ions in $mathbf{SmFe}_{12}$ using the GGA $+U$ method. This method often leads to metastable states, especially when the atoms with strongly correlated electrons are present. To test the stability of the states we have used three different initial conditions for the $+U$ calculations and also studied the dependence of results on $U$. The calculated orbital moments are approximately 4.0 $mu_{mathbf{B}}$, which is lower than the maximum value of the isolated trivalent state. Then, the quenching of the orbital moment was estimated based on our results.","PeriodicalId":135715,"journal":{"name":"2022 Joint MMM-Intermag Conference (INTERMAG)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132248786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design and Analysis of a Linear-Rotary PM Actuator with Consequent-Pole Staggered Mover","authors":"Guangyao Jiang, Huawei Zhou, Weiguo Tao, Qian Chen","doi":"10.1109/intermag39746.2022.9827777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/intermag39746.2022.9827777","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a linear and rotary permanent magnet (LRPM) actuator is proposed. To achieve the decoupling between linear and rotary motions, two sets of independent concentrated armature windings are embedded in the stator. To eliminate even-order harmonics of back-electromotive force (back-EMF), a staggered mover is specially designed. The staggered mover can generate radial and axial magnetic field, which interact with armature magnetic field to produce torque and thrust force. Moreover, the staggered mover with surface-mounted PM (SPM) and consequent-pole PM (CPM) structures are analyzed and compared. The electromagnetic performance of the two topologies are compared and analyzed by using the 3-D finite-element method. The results are presented to verify the effectiveness of theoretical analysis.","PeriodicalId":135715,"journal":{"name":"2022 Joint MMM-Intermag Conference (INTERMAG)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123657923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}