{"title":"Pharmacologic Treatment and Management of Coronavirus Disease 2019.","authors":"Amy Hirsch Shumaker, Adarsh Bhimraj","doi":"10.1016/j.idc.2025.02.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idc.2025.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Widespread vaccination, hybrid immunity, and reduced pathogenicity with circulating Omicron variants have decreased the rate of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes in the general population. Certain patients with COVID-19 remain at high risk for severe outcomes. Clinicians must individualize treatments based on expected benefits and relative harms for patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19. Guideline-directed therapy for severe and critical COVID-19 has remained static over the last couple of years. Data on immunomodulatory agents have improved our understanding of the management of severe and critical COVID-19, yet uncertainty remains on the role and timing of these agents in the Omicron era.</p>","PeriodicalId":13562,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disease clinics of North America","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143634002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Clinical Manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Immunocompetent Adults in the Era of Widespread Population Immunity and Omicron Sublineage Viruses.","authors":"Alexander Shaffer, Eric A Meyerowitz","doi":"10.1016/j.idc.2025.02.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idc.2025.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While most SARS-CoV-2 infections and reinfections in the era of widespread population immunity with omicron subsub-lineage variants are mild for immunocompetent individuals, any manifestation previously seen during the pandemic phase is still possible. COVID-19 may affect any organ system. Previous infections and prior vaccines protect against symptomatic future SARS-CoV-2 infections, though this protection wanes over time.</p>","PeriodicalId":13562,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disease clinics of North America","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Themes and Challenges in Managing Musculoskeletal Infections.","authors":"Laura K Certain","doi":"10.1016/j.idc.2025.02.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idc.2025.02.008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13562,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disease clinics of North America","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Adult Long Coronavirus Disease 2019: Definition, Prevalence Pathophysiology, and Clinical Manifestations.","authors":"Ivette Emery, Clifford Rosen","doi":"10.1016/j.idc.2025.02.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idc.2025.02.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Long coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a multisystem disorder with variable manifestations and duration. One in 10 people with a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection will develop some manifestation of long COVID-19. Currently, there is no one single etiologic factor for the symptoms and signs of long COVID-19 beyond exposure to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. There are multiple theories about the pathophysiology ranging from viral persistence, reactivation, autoimmunity, and immune depletion. Certain risk factors have been identified including female sex, severe acute/hospitalized COVID-19, previous infections with SARS-CoV-2, and absence of vaccinations.</p>","PeriodicalId":13562,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disease clinics of North America","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on Vulnerable Communities: What the Clinician Should Know.","authors":"Jodian A Pinkney","doi":"10.1016/j.idc.2025.02.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idc.2025.02.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic unmasked striking health disparities within the US healthcare system and significantly impacted vulnerable populations. While much attention on vulnerability has been directed toward older individuals with underlying medical conditions, key populations-including the uninsured, racial and ethnic minorities, and pregnant individuals-were considerably affected and require intervention. This review examines the barriers these populations encountered and outlines how clinicians can engage at the provider, practice, community, and national levels to advance health equity and improve health outcomes for these groups in the post-pandemic era.</p>","PeriodicalId":13562,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disease clinics of North America","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Navigating Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Immunocompromised Populations: Evolving Risk Factors, Treatment, and Outcomes.","authors":"Majd Alsoubani, Jennifer Chow","doi":"10.1016/j.idc.2025.02.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idc.2025.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disproportionately impacted immunocompromised hosts, leading to higher morbidity and mortality. The clinical outcomes have varied based on the degree of immunosuppression, treatment availability, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants, and vaccination status. This review discusses the evolving epidemiology, clinical presentation, treatment, and prevention strategies for COVID-19 in immunocompromised populations, including patients living with human immunodeficiency virus, solid organ transplant, and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.</p>","PeriodicalId":13562,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disease clinics of North America","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143585288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Contributors","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0891-5520(24)00092-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0891-5520(24)00092-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13562,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disease clinics of North America","volume":"39 1","pages":"Pages iii-vi"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143342204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Copyright","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0891-5520(24)00091-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0891-5520(24)00091-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13562,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disease clinics of North America","volume":"39 1","pages":"Page ii"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143342207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Forthcoming Issues","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0891-5520(24)00094-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0891-5520(24)00094-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13562,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disease clinics of North America","volume":"39 1","pages":"Page xi"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143342206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}