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Clinical Manifestations and Outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children and Adolescents.
IF 6.1 3区 医学
Infectious disease clinics of North America Pub Date : 2025-04-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.idc.2025.02.018
Andrew T Pavia
{"title":"Clinical Manifestations and Outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children and Adolescents.","authors":"Andrew T Pavia","doi":"10.1016/j.idc.2025.02.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idc.2025.02.018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Compared to adults, children are more likely to experience asymptomatic infections or mild-to-moderate symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection that resemble other viral infections. However, a substantial proportion of children experience severe disease; more than 2000 US children have died of COVID-19, significantly exceeding the death toll from influenza. Risk factors for severe disease include age less than 6 months and 12 to 17 years, as well as the presence of underlying conditions, especially 2 or more conditions. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children is a life-threatening post-infectious complication seen in children. Children experience post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 but at lower rates than adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":13562,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disease clinics of North America","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143788183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Preventing Orthopedic Infections.
IF 6.1 3区 医学
Infectious disease clinics of North America Pub Date : 2025-04-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.idc.2025.02.016
Alaina S Ritter, Simon Mears
{"title":"Preventing Orthopedic Infections.","authors":"Alaina S Ritter, Simon Mears","doi":"10.1016/j.idc.2025.02.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idc.2025.02.016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The prevention of orthopedic infections is of critical importance to improve patient outcomes and reduce health care costs. Preventative strategies can be employed preoperatively, including mitigation of medical risk factors, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus decolonization, appropriate skin preparation, and optimizing perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis; intraoperatively, including utilizing irrigation, topical antibiotics, infection control measures, and timely debridement/optimal surgical techniques; and postoperatively, including consideration of antibiotic duration after primary arthroplasty and reimplantation. This article provides an evidence-based discussion of these strategies while also highlighting areas where ongoing research may be beneficial.</p>","PeriodicalId":13562,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disease clinics of North America","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143788197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
COVID-19: How Far We've Come and Where We Need to Go Next.
IF 6.1 3区 医学
Infectious disease clinics of North America Pub Date : 2025-04-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.idc.2025.03.001
Rajesh T Gandhi, Michael R Jordan
{"title":"COVID-19: How Far We've Come and Where We Need to Go Next.","authors":"Rajesh T Gandhi, Michael R Jordan","doi":"10.1016/j.idc.2025.03.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idc.2025.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13562,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disease clinics of North America","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143788191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Models of Musculoskeletal Infection Care: The Importance of Multidisciplinary Collaboration. 肌肉骨骼感染护理模式：多学科合作的重要性。
IF 6.1 3区 医学
Infectious disease clinics of North America Pub Date : 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.idc.2025.02.017
Alexander M Tatara, Antonia F Chen, F Joseph Simeone, Sandra B Nelson
{"title":"Models of Musculoskeletal Infection Care: The Importance of Multidisciplinary Collaboration.","authors":"Alexander M Tatara, Antonia F Chen, F Joseph Simeone, Sandra B Nelson","doi":"10.1016/j.idc.2025.02.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idc.2025.02.017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Musculoskeletal infections are increasing in incidence and complexity. There is mounting evidence that formal models of multidisciplinary care improve patient outcomes in severe infection. In this study, we review different published models of multidisciplinary care for patients with musculoskeletal infection. We then characterize the roles of different specialists and staff on multidisciplinary teams. Lastly, we discuss core themes in successful multidisciplinary care and the current gaps in the literature. This study also serves as a call to action for institutions to support the implementation and rigorous study of multidisciplinary care for patients with musculoskeletal infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":13562,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disease clinics of North America","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143780045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Invasive Aspergillosis in the Current Era.
IF 6.1 3区 医学
Infectious disease clinics of North America Pub Date : 2025-03-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.idc.2025.01.002
Sabina Herrera, Ursula Magyar, Shahid Husain
{"title":"Invasive Aspergillosis in the Current Era.","authors":"Sabina Herrera, Ursula Magyar, Shahid Husain","doi":"10.1016/j.idc.2025.01.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idc.2025.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite significant advances, aspergillosis remains a critical health concern, with an evolving epidemiology and expanding populations of at-risk patients. Historically, fewer than 10 Aspergillus species were considered clinically significant. However, advancements in diagnostic technologies, such as DNA sequencing and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, have identified previously unrecognized \"cryptic\" Aspergillus species. This clinical review highlights the current epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and invasive aspergillosis (IA) treatment. Diagnosing IA necessitates a multifaceted approach, integrating clinical evaluation, imaging studies, microbiological culture, serologic tests, and advanced molecular techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":13562,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disease clinics of North America","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143742403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pelvic Osteomyelitis.
IF 6.1 3区 医学
Infectious disease clinics of North America Pub Date : 2025-03-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.idc.2025.02.013
Jakrapun Pupaibool, Justin Haller
{"title":"Pelvic Osteomyelitis.","authors":"Jakrapun Pupaibool, Justin Haller","doi":"10.1016/j.idc.2025.02.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idc.2025.02.013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pelvic osteomyelitis is a challenging infection often caused by contiguous spread, direct inoculation, or hematogenous dissemination, with key risk factors including trauma, surgery, radiation, and intra-abdominal or genitourinary infections. Diagnosis relies on bone biopsy with culture and histopathology, and MRI is the most sensitive imaging study. Treatment requires surgical debridement with extended antimicrobial therapy. Local antibiotic therapy can provide targeted antimicrobial treatment at the site of infection, enhancing the effectiveness of systemic antibiotics. Early recognition, thorough diagnostic workup, and individualized treatment strategies are crucial for improving outcomes in this complex condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":13562,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disease clinics of North America","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143730094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fracture-Related Infections.
IF 6.1 3区 医学
Infectious disease clinics of North America Pub Date : 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.idc.2025.02.012
Jessica Seidelman, Malcolm DeBaun
{"title":"Fracture-Related Infections.","authors":"Jessica Seidelman, Malcolm DeBaun","doi":"10.1016/j.idc.2025.02.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idc.2025.02.012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fracture-related infections are challenging complications in orthopedic care, marked by infection at fracture or surgical sites, often involving biofilm-associated pathogens. They result in significant morbidity, prolonged hospitalizations, and high health care costs. Diagnosis integrates clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings, while treatment combines surgical debridement, implant management, and targeted antimicrobial therapy. Common pathogens include Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, with culture-negative cases requiring advanced diagnostics. A multidisciplinary approach is critical to optimizing outcomes, addressing complications, and reducing the socioeconomic impact of these infections. Advances in treatment strategies continue to improve survival and quality of life for affected patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":13562,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disease clinics of North America","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143718661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Current Antifungals and the Developing Pipeline. 当前的抗真菌药物和发展中的产品线。
IF 6.1 3区 医学
Infectious disease clinics of North America Pub Date : 2025-03-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.idc.2025.01.001
Melissa D Johnson, W Justin Moore
{"title":"Current Antifungals and the Developing Pipeline.","authors":"Melissa D Johnson, W Justin Moore","doi":"10.1016/j.idc.2025.01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idc.2025.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prevention and management of invasive fungal infections is challenging due to the complexity of at-risk patient population, high morbidity and mortality of these infections, and pharmacologic aspects of available antifungal agents. While there has been substantial investment in antifungal drug development over past 20 years, the ideal antifungal remains elusive. Clinicians must be aware of differences in spectrum of activity, pharmacokinetic/dynamic dosing, toxicity, resistance, and drug interaction profiles of antifungals to use them most effectively. This article will review key features of U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved and pipeline antifungals to facilitate an understanding of their role in treatment and/or prevention of invasive fungal infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":13562,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disease clinics of North America","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Next-Generation Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccines: Clinical Data and Future Directions.
IF 6.1 3区 医学
Infectious disease clinics of North America Pub Date : 2025-03-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.idc.2025.02.003
Kathryn E Stephenson
{"title":"Next-Generation Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccines: Clinical Data and Future Directions.","authors":"Kathryn E Stephenson","doi":"10.1016/j.idc.2025.02.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idc.2025.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines have prevented millions of deaths since the beginning of the pandemic. Yet, current vaccines have critical limitations: (1) they elicit poor mucosal immune responses with reduced protection against infection and viral transmission, (2) immune responses wane quickly, and (3) new immune evasive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants continue to emerge. Next-generation vaccines aim to induce improved mucosal immunity via mucosal administration, and to elicit a greater duration and breadth of immune responses through new platforms like self-amplifying RNA. This review focuses on next-generation COVID-19 vaccines that have publicly available clinical data and are most likely to proceed in further development.</p>","PeriodicalId":13562,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disease clinics of North America","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143639584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Immunology and Coronavirus Disease 2019 Clinical Outcomes.
IF 6.1 3区 医学
Infectious disease clinics of North America Pub Date : 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.idc.2025.02.001
Aljawharah Alrubayyi, Hsinyen Huang, Gaurav D Gaiha
{"title":"Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Immunology and Coronavirus Disease 2019 Clinical Outcomes.","authors":"Aljawharah Alrubayyi, Hsinyen Huang, Gaurav D Gaiha","doi":"10.1016/j.idc.2025.02.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idc.2025.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The humoral and cellular immune response are the key players in preventing viral infection and limiting disease severity, particular in the context of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and coronavirus disease 2019. In this review, we discuss how immune responses generated by prior infection and vaccination influence the outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We aim to provide an overview of the role of humoral and cellular immunity, with a particular focus on CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell responses, to delineate how different immune compartments contribute to the control of infection and modulation of disease outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":13562,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disease clinics of North America","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143634003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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