Inhalation Toxicology最新文献

{"title":"Toxic chemical exposures among civilians in armed conflicts: the need for research equity, justice, and accountability","authors":"Sammy Almashat, Melissa McDiarmid","doi":"10.1080/08958378.2023.2286325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08958378.2023.2286325","url":null,"abstract":"Armed conflicts result in the release of toxic chemicals into the surrounding environment and civilians are commonly exposed to these toxicants.This paper reviews the evidence on civilian exposure ...","PeriodicalId":13561,"journal":{"name":"Inhalation Toxicology","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138567828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaping product exposure system (VaPES): a novel <i>in vitro</i> aerosol deposition system.","authors":"Kevin D Schichlein, Charlotte A Love, Maxwell P Conolly, John L Kurz, Elise D Hickman, Phillip W Clapp, Ilona Jaspers","doi":"10.1080/08958378.2023.2289021","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08958378.2023.2289021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Due to recent increases in the use of vaping devices, there is a high demand for research addressing the respiratory health effects of vaping products. Given the constantly changing nature of the vaping market with new devices, flavors, metals, and other chemicals rapidly emerging, there is a need for inexpensive and highly adaptable vaping device exposure systems. Here, we describe the design and validation of a novel <i>in vitro</i> aerosol exposure system for toxicity testing of vaping devices.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We developed an inexpensive, open-source <i>in vitro</i> vaping device exposure system that produces even deposition, can be adapted for different vaping devices, and allows for experiments to be performed under physiological conditions. The system was then validated with deposition testing and a representative exposure with human bronchial epithelial cells (hBECs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Vaping Product Exposure System (VaPES) produced sufficient and uniform deposition for dose-response studies and was precise enough to observe biological responses to vaping exposures. VaPES was adapted to work with both pod and cartridge-based vaping devices.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We have designed and validated a novel vaping device exposure system that will eliminate the need to use high-cost commercial exposure systems, lowering the barrier to entry of physiologically relevant vaping studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":13561,"journal":{"name":"Inhalation Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"324-332"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10788097/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138487390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Airway contraction and cytokine release in isolated rat lungs induced by wear particles from the road and tire interface and road vehicle brakes.","authors":"Ali Reza Nosratabadi, Mats Gustafsson, Karin Lovén, Stefan A Ljunggren, Ulf Olofsson, Saeed Abbasi, Göran Blomqvist, Helen Karlsson, Anders G Ljungman, Flemming R Cassee, Miriam E Gerlofs-Nijland, Anders Gudmundsson","doi":"10.1080/08958378.2023.2289018","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08958378.2023.2289018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The dominant road traffic particle sources are wear particles from the road and tire interface, and from vehicle brake pads. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of road and brake wear particles on pulmonary function and biomarkers in isolated perfused rat lungs. Particles were sampled from the studded tire wear of three road pavements containing different rock materials in a road simulator; and from the wear of two brake pad materials using a pin-on-disk machine. Isolated rat lungs inhaled the coarse and fine fractions of the sampled particles resulting in an estimated total particle lung dose of 50 μg. The tidal volume (TV) was measured during the particle exposure and the following 50 min. Perfusate and BALF were analyzed for the cytokines TNF, CXCL1 and CCL3. The TV of lungs exposed to rock materials was significantly reduced after 25 min of exposure compared to the controls, for quartzite already after 4 min. The particles of the heavy-duty brake pads had no effect on the TV. Brake particles resulted in a significant elevation of CXCL1 in the perfusate. Brake particles showed significant elevations of all three measured cytokines, and quartzite showed a significant elevation of TNF in BALF. The study shows that the toxic effect on lungs exposed to airborne particles can be investigated using measurements of tidal volume. Furthermore, the study shows that the choice of rock material in road pavements has the potential to affect the toxicity of road wear PM10.</p>","PeriodicalId":13561,"journal":{"name":"Inhalation Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"309-323"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138487389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time to treat the climate and nature crisis as one indivisible global health emergency.","authors":"Kamran Abbasi, Parveen Ali, Virginia Barbour, Thomas Benfield, Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, Gregory E Erhabor, Stephen Hancocks, Richard Horton, Laurie Laybourn-Langton, Robert Mash, Peush Sahni, Wadeia Mohammad Sharief, Paul Yonga, Chris Zielinski","doi":"10.1080/08958378.2023.2276512","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08958378.2023.2276512","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13561,"journal":{"name":"Inhalation Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"267-270"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71481121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a non-target strategy for evaluation of potential biological effects of inhalable aerosols generated during purposeful room conditioning using an <i>in vitro</i> inhalation model.","authors":"Detlef Ritter, Jan Knebel, Tanja Hansen, Anne Zifle, Anne Fuchs, Rolf Fautz, Katharina Schwarz","doi":"10.1080/08958378.2023.2267618","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08958378.2023.2267618","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>An integrated <i>in vitro</i> inhalation approach was outlined to estimate potential adverse acute inhalation effects of aerosols from commercial nebulizer applications used for purposeful room conditioning such as disinfection, scenting or others. Aerosol characterization, exposure estimation and evaluation of acute biological effects by <i>in vitro</i> inhalation were included to generate dose-response data, allowing for determination of <i>in vitro</i> lowest observable adverse effect levels (LOAELs). Correlation of these to estimates of human lung deposition was included for quantitative <i>in vitro</i> to <i>in vivo</i> extrapolation approach (QIVIVE) for acute effects during human exposure.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To test the proposed approach, a case study was undertaken using two realistic test materials. An acute <i>in vitro</i> inhalation setup with air-liquid interface A549-cells in an optimized exposure situation (P.R.I.T.^® ExpoCube^®) was used to expose cells and analysis of relevant biological effects (viability, mitochondrial membrane potential, stress, IL-8 release) was carried out.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The observed dose-responsive effects in a sub-toxic dose-range could be attributed to the main component of one test material and its presence in the aerosol phase of the nebulized material. QIVIVE resulted in a factor of at least 256 between the <i>in vitro</i> LOAEL and the estimated acute human lung exposure for this test material.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The case-study shows the value of the non-target <i>in vitro</i> inhalation testing approach especially in case of a lack of knowledge on complex product composition. It is expected that approaches like this will be of high value for product safety and environmental health in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":13561,"journal":{"name":"Inhalation Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"271-284"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49677125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconstruction of exposure to methylene diphenyl-4,4'-diisocyanate (MDI) aerosol using computational fluid dynamics, physiologically based toxicokinetics and statistical modeling.","authors":"Sajjad Mozaffari, Majid Bayatian, Nan-Hung Hsieh, Monireh Khadem, Amir Abbasi Garmaroudi, Khosro Ashrafi, Seyed Jamaleddin Shahtaheri","doi":"10.1080/08958378.2023.2285772","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08958378.2023.2285772","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study employed computational fluid dynamics (CFD), physiologically based toxicokinetics (PBTK), and statistical modeling to reconstruct exposure to methylene diphenyl-4,4'-diisocyanate (MDI) aerosol. By utilizing a validated CFD model, human respiratory deposition of MDI aerosol in different workload conditions was investigated, while a PBTK model was calibrated using experimental rat data. Biomonitoring data and Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation were utilized for exposure assessment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Deposition fraction of MDI in the respiratory tract at the light, moderate, and heavy activity were 0.038, 0.079, and 0.153, respectively. Converged MCMC results as the posterior means and prior values were obtained for several PBTK model parameters. In our study, we calibrated a rat model to investigate the transport, absorption, and elimination of 4,4'-MDI <i>via</i> inhalation exposure. The calibration process successfully captured experimental data in the lungs, liver, blood, and kidneys, allowing for a reasonable representation of MDI distribution within the rat model. Our calibrated model also represents MDI dynamics in the bloodstream, facilitating the assessment of bioavailability. For human exposure, we validated the model for recent and long-term MDI exposure using data from relevant studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our computational models provide reasonable insights into MDI exposure, contributing to informed risk assessment and the development of effective exposure reduction strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":13561,"journal":{"name":"Inhalation Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"285-299"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138459747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lung asbestos fiber burden analysis: effects of the counting rules for legal medicine evaluations.","authors":"Anna Benedetta Somigliana, Pietro Gino Barbieri, Alessandro Cavallo, Roberto Colombo, Dario Consonni, Dario Mirabelli","doi":"10.1080/08958378.2023.2285789","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08958378.2023.2285789","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The work shows the effect of counting rules, such as analysis magnification and asbestos fiber dimension to be count (with length ≥5 µm or also asbestos fibers with length <5 µm) in the lung asbestos fiber burden analysis for legal medicine evaluations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>On the same lung tissue samples, two different analyses were carried out to count any asbestos fibers with length ≥1 µm and with length ≥5 µm. Results of the amphibole burden of the two analyses were compared by linear regression analysis on log10-transformed values.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis should be carried out at an appropriate magnification and on samples prepared in such a way as they allow the counting of very fine fibers. If the analysis is limited to the asbestos fibers with length ≥5 µm, there is a high risk of not detecting possible residual chrysotile fiber burden and thinner crocidolite asbestos fibers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>On average we estimated that 1 amphibole fiber with length ≥5 µm corresponds to ∼8 amphibole fibers with length ≥1 µm in the lung. The values of the Helsinki criteria should be updated taking this into account.</p>","PeriodicalId":13561,"journal":{"name":"Inhalation Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"300-307"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138295151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of aerosols from hemp-derived pre-roll joints.","authors":"Hammad Irshad,&nbsp;Justyna Kulpa,&nbsp;Philip J Kuehl,&nbsp;Tim Lefever,&nbsp;Jacob D McDonald","doi":"10.1080/08958378.2023.2206448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08958378.2023.2206448","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Availability and consumer use of hemp products is rapidly increasing, but little work has been done to assess aerosol emissions of hemp pre-rolls. The objective of this research was to characterize the aerosol of pre-rolled joints from hemp material enriched for production of cannabigerol (CBG) that were smoked on a test system mimicking human use patterns.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Aerosol emissions were collected and analyzed using glass microfiber filters and charcoal cartridges. The aerosol was screened for nine phytocannabinoids and 19 terpenes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three phytocannabinoids (CBG, cannabichromene (CBC), and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)) were detected and quantified at a mean (SD) concentration of 19.4 (4.7), 0.48 (0.01), and 0.40 (0.04) mg per pre-roll, respectively. Five terpenes ((-)-α-bisabolol, (-)-guaiol, β-caryophyllene, nerolidol, and α-humulene) were detected and quantified at an average concentration of 352.7 (112.0), 194.3 (66.4), 106.0 (50.4), 28.3 (9.3), and 27.7 (11.2) µg per pre-roll, respectively. Particle size distribution testing via aerodynamic particle sizer and inertial impactor showed that average size of emitted aerosols was 0.77 (0.0) and 0.54 (0.1) µm, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study describes methodology for characterization of cannabinoid and terpene dose in emitted aerosols and aerosolization efficiency from hemp pre-rolls. It also presents these data for one of the marketed products.</p>","PeriodicalId":13561,"journal":{"name":"Inhalation Toxicology","volume":"35 5-6","pages":"169-174"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9506967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contributions of particulate and gas phases of simulated burn pit smoke exposures to impairment of respiratory function.","authors":"Samuel A Vance, Yong Ho Kim, Ingrid J George, Janice A Dye, Wanda C Williams, Mette J Schladweiler, M Ian Gilmour, Ilona Jaspers, Stephen H Gavett","doi":"10.1080/08958378.2023.2169416","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08958378.2023.2169416","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Inhalation of smoke from the burning of waste materials on military bases is associated with increased incidences of cardiopulmonary diseases. This study examined the respiratory and inflammatory effects of acute inhalation exposures in mice to smoke generated by military burn pit-related materials including plywood (PW), cardboard (CB), mixed plastics (PL), and a mixture of these three materials (MX) under smoldering (0.84 MCE) and flaming (0.97 MCE) burn conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Mice were exposed nose-only for one hour on two consecutive days to whole or filtered smoke or clean air alone. Smoldering combustion emissions had greater concentrations of PM (∼40 mg/m³) and VOCs (∼5-12 ppmv) than flaming emissions (∼4 mg/m³ and ∼1-2 ppmv, respectively); filtered emissions had equivalent levels of VOCs with negligible PM. Breathing parameters were assessed during exposure by head-out plethysmography.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All four smoldering burn pit emission types reduced breathing frequency (F) and minute volumes (MV) compared with baseline exposures to clean air, and HEPA filtration significantly reduced the effects of all smoldering materials except CB. Flaming emissions had significantly less suppression of F and MV compared with smoldering conditions. No acute effects on lung inflammatory cells, cytokines, lung injury markers, or hematology parameters were noted in smoke-exposed mice compared with air controls, likely due to reduced respiration and upper respiratory scrubbing to reduce the total deposited PM dose in this short-term exposure.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our data suggest that material and combustion type influences respiratory responses to burn pit combustion emissions. Furthermore, PM filtration provides significant protective effects only for certain material types.</p>","PeriodicalId":13561,"journal":{"name":"Inhalation Toxicology","volume":"35 5-6","pages":"129-138"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10392891/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9926153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered long non-coding RNAs expression in normal and diseased primary human airway epithelial cells exposed to diesel exhaust particles.","authors":"C M Sabbir Ahmed, Alexa Canchola, Biplab Paul, Md Rubaiat Nurul Alam, Ying-Hsuan Lin","doi":"10.1080/08958378.2023.2185703","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08958378.2023.2185703","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEP) has been linked to a variety of adverse health effects, including increased morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), metabolic syndrome, and lung cancer. The epigenetic changes caused by air pollution have been associated with increased health risks. However, the exact molecular mechanisms underlying the lncRNA-mediated pathogenesis induced by DEP exposure have not been revealed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Through RNA-sequencing and integrative analysis of both mRNA and lncRNA profiles, this study investigated the role of lncRNAs in altered gene expression in healthy and diseased human primary epithelial cells (NHBE and DHBE-COPD) exposed to DEP at a dose of 30 μg/cm².</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 503 and 563 differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs and a total of 10 and 14 DE lncRNAs in NHBE and DHBE-COPD cells exposed to DEP, respectively. In both NHBE and DHBE-COPD cells, enriched cancer-related pathways were identified at mRNA level, and 3 common lncRNAs <i>OLMALINC, AC069234.2,</i> and <i>LINC00665</i> were found to be associated with cancer initiation and progression. In addition, we identified two <i>cis</i>-acting (<i>TMEM51-AS1</i> and <i>TTN-AS1</i>) and several <i>trans</i>-acting lncRNAs (e.g. <i>LINC01278, SNHG29, AC006064.4, TMEM51-AS1</i>) only differentially expressed in COPD cells, which could potentially play a role in carcinogenesis and determine their susceptibility to DEP exposure.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, our work highlights the potential importance of lncRNAs in regulating DEP-induced gene expression changes associated with carcinogenesis, and individuals suffering from COPD are likely to be more vulnerable to these environmental triggers.</p>","PeriodicalId":13561,"journal":{"name":"Inhalation Toxicology","volume":"35 5-6","pages":"157-168"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10424575/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10085943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}