Inflammation Research最新文献

{"title":"HMGB1: key mediator in digestive system diseases.","authors":"Hengqian Liu, Xiping Liao, Zuo Zhang, Qian Min, Yuanyuan Li, Junzhi Xiong, Qiao Lv, Xia Xie, Jianyun Zhou, Zhongli Liao, Hongli Zhou","doi":"10.1007/s00011-025-02002-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00011-025-02002-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1), a multifunctional non-histone protein, and its involvement in various physiological and pathological contexts has garnered significant attention. Given HMGB1's central function in modulating key biological activities, such as inflammatory responses and cellular death, its contribution to the pathogenesis of digestive system diseases has become a focus of growing interest. This review aims to comprehensively explore the mechanisms by which HMGB1 contributes to the progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), liver disorders, and pancreatitis. Furthermore, we explore the prospective clinical applications and outline future research directions for HMGB1 in digestive diseases, providing fresh perspectives that highlight the necessity of ongoing studies to understand its role in these conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":13550,"journal":{"name":"Inflammation Research","volume":"74 1","pages":"34"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143189122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silicone breast implant-associated pathologies and T cell-mediated responses.","authors":"Puja Jagasia, Iulianna Taritsa, Kazimir Bagdady, Shivani Shah, Megan Fracol","doi":"10.1007/s00011-025-02006-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00011-025-02006-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Silicone breast implants elicit a foreign body response (FBR) defined by a complex cascade of various immune cells. Studies have shown that the capsule around silicone breast implants that forms as a result of the FBR contains large T cell populations. T cells are implicated in pathologies such as capsular contracture, which is defined by an excessively fibrotic capsule, and breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL), a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. In this article, we provide a synthesis of 17 studies reporting on T cell-mediated responses to silicone breast implants and highlight recent developments on this topic. The lymphocytes present in the breast implant capsule are predominantly Th1 and Th17 cells. Patients with advanced capsular contracture had fewer T-regulatory (Treg) cells present in the capsules that were less able to suppress T effector cells such as Th17 cells, which can promote fibrosis in autoimmune conditions. Textured silicone implants, which are associated with BIA-ALCL, created a more robust T cell response, especially CD30 + T cells in the peri-implant fluid and CD4 + T cells in the capsule. Cultivating a deeper understanding of T cell-mediated responses to silicone breast implants may allow for novel treatments of breast implant-associated complications and malignancies.</p>","PeriodicalId":13550,"journal":{"name":"Inflammation Research","volume":"74 1","pages":"33"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143074317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A window into intracellular events in myositis through subcellular proteomics.","authors":"Jennifer M Peterson, Valérie Leclair, Olumide E Oyebode, Dema M Herzallah, Andrea L Nestor-Kalinoski, Jose Morais, René P Zahedi, Mazen Alamr, John A Di Battista, Marie Hudson","doi":"10.1007/s00011-025-01996-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00011-025-01996-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective and design: </strong>Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are a heterogeneous group of inflammatory muscle disorders of unknown etiology. It is postulated that mitochondrial dysfunction and protein aggregation in skeletal muscle contribute to myofiber degeneration. However, molecular pathways that lead to protein aggregation in skeletal muscle are not well defined.</p><p><strong>Subjects: </strong>Here we have isolated membrane-bound organelles (e.g., nuclei, mitochondria, sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and plasma membrane) from muscle biopsies of normal (n = 3) and muscle disease patients (n = 11). Of the myopathy group, 10 patients displayed mitochondrial abnormalities (IIM (n = 9); mitochondrial myopathy (n = 1)), and one IIM patient did not show mitochondrial abnormalities (polymyositis).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Global proteomic analysis was performed using an Orbitrap Fusion mass spectrometer. Upon unsupervised clustering, normal and mitochondrial myopathy muscle samples clustered separately from IIM samples.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We have confirmed previously known protein alterations in IIM and identified several new ones. For example, we found differential expression of (i) nuclear proteins that control cell division, transcription, RNA regulation, and stability, (ii) ER and Golgi proteins involved in protein folding, degradation, and protein trafficking in the cytosol, and (iii) mitochondrial proteins involved in energy production/metabolism and alterations in cytoskeletal and contractile machinery of the muscle.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our data demonstrates that molecular alterations are not limited to protein aggregations in the cytosol (inclusions) and occur in nuclear, mitochondrial, and membrane compartments of IIM skeletal muscle.</p>","PeriodicalId":13550,"journal":{"name":"Inflammation Research","volume":"74 1","pages":"31"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11785624/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143074310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histamine and TH2 cytokines regulate the biosynthesis of cysteinyl-leukotrienes and expression of their receptors in human mast cells.","authors":"Patricia Gehlhaar, Katrin Schaper-Gerhardt, Ralf Gutzmer, Franziska Hasler, Till A Röhn, Thomas Werfel, Susanne Mommert","doi":"10.1007/s00011-024-01974-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00011-024-01974-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In skin lesions of atopic dermatitis (AD), a chronic inflammatory skin disease, mast cells beyond other immune cells are present in increasing numbers. Upon activation, mast cells release a plethora of mediators, in particular histamine and leukotrienes, as well as chemokines and cytokines, which modulate the immune response of cells in their microenvironment and may influence mast cells in an autocrine loop. This study investigated the effects of histamine and TH2 cytokines on the biosynthesis of cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) as well as CysLT receptor expression on human mast cells from healthy volunteers and patients with AD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Human mast cells were generated from CD34+ progenitor cells from peripheral blood. The cultured mast cells were stimulated with IL-4, IL-13, histamine and different histamine receptor selective ligands. Expression of enzymes in the biosynthesis of leukotrienes and expression of CysLT receptors were quantified by real-time PCR. The release of CysLTs was measured by ELISA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mast cells from AD patients showed higher expression of 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO) and 5-Lipoxygenase activating protein (FLAP) compared to mast cells from healthy volunteers at baseline and in presence of histamine and TH2 cytokines. Expression of leukotriene C4 synthase (LTC4S), the biosynthesis of CysLTs, and mRNA expression of both CysLT receptors were induced by histamine and TH2 cytokines in mast cells from healthy volunteers and AD patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We provide evidence that in an acute allergic situation histamine and TH2 cytokines may activate the biosynthesis of pro-allergic cysteinyl leukotrienes and up-regulation of CysLT receptor expression in human mast cells. This suggests a novel mechanism for sustaining mast cell activation through a possible autocrine signalling loop under these conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":13550,"journal":{"name":"Inflammation Research","volume":"74 1","pages":"32"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11785601/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143074312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional characterization of novel anti-DEFA5 monoclonal antibody clones 1A8 and 4F5 in inflammatory bowel disease colitis tissues.","authors":"Rabi Thangaiyan, Amos M Sakwe, Alexander T Hawkins, Mary K Washington, Billy R Ballard, Michael G Izban, Sanika S Chirwa, James E K Hildreth, Anil Shanker, David L Blum, Amosy E M'Koma","doi":"10.1007/s00011-024-01970-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00011-024-01970-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aberrant expression of α defensin 5 (DEFA5) protein in colonic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) underlies the distinct pathogenesis of Crohn's colitis (CC). It can serve as a biomarker for differentiating CC from Ulcerative colitis (UC), particularly in Indeterminate colitis (IC) cases into UC and CC. We evaluated the specificity of commercially available anti-DEFA5 antibodies, emphasizing the need to further validate their appropriateness for a given application and highlighting the necessity for novel antibodies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We established two mice monoclonal DEFA5 antibody clones, 1A8 and 4F5, by immunizing mice with purified recombinant protein. We validated the specificity, sensitivity, and cross-reactivity of these antibodies in recognizing both endogenous and recombinant DEFA5 protein, especially for use in Immunohistochemistry (IHC), Western blot (WB), Immunoprecipitation (IP), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Clones 1A8 and 4F5 effectively recognized the endogenous DEFA5 in active human colon tissue from patients with diverticulitis (DV), UC, CC, and IC disease samples, as well as in transiently transfected HEK293T cells expressing DEFA5 with minimal non-confounding cross reactivity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The 1A8 and 4F5 clones are useful for a wide variety of immunoassays, including WB, IHC, IP/WB, and ELISA. Their specificity enhances their potential as valuable tools for research applications in IBD colitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":13550,"journal":{"name":"Inflammation Research","volume":"74 1","pages":"30"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11782311/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143065319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ASIC1a mediated nucleus pulposus cells pyroptosis and glycolytic crosstalk as a molecular basis for intervertebral disc degeneration.","authors":"Chao Song, Fei Liu, Xiaofei Wu, Daqian Zhou, Yongliang Mei, Zhangchao Wei, Houyin Shi, Lianlin Zeng, Feng Chen, Feng Jiang, Zongchao Liu","doi":"10.1007/s00011-025-02003-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00011-025-02003-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>One of the etiologic components of degenerative spinal illnesses is intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD), and the accompanying lower back pain is progressively turning into a significant public health problem. Important pathologic characteristics of IVDD include inflammation and acidic microenvironment, albeit it is unclear how these factors contribute to the disease.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To clarify the functions of inflammation and the acidic environment in IVDD, identify the critical connections facilitating glycolytic crosstalk and nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) pyroptosis, and offer novel approaches to IVDD prevention and therapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>By developing keywords search strategy, literature was found and screened using databases such as PUBMED, Google Scholar, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and others. Hub genes, protein interaction networks, clinical transcriptome data validation, and enrichment analysis were used to further validate relevant biological pathways.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>It is clear that disc degeneration is associated with apoptosis or pyroptosis, inflammation, and an acidic environment based on literature review. The process of IVDD is intimately associated with pyroptosis, inflammation, and an acidic environment. The precise mechanism may entail the regulation of key genes such NLRP3, ASIC1a, IL1β, TNF-a, and GSDMD. While the acidic environment exacerbated extracellular matrix degradation and promoted cellular senescence and inflammatory factor expression, it was found to be unfavorable for NPCs survival and proliferation. Moreover, NPCs pyroptosis in an acidic environment, the molecular mechanism behind this phenomenon may be connected to ASIC1a mediated Ca + influx. On the other hand, IVDD can be constantly promoted by the interaction between the degenerating disc's acidic and inflammatory environments through \"crosstalk\" between anaerobic glycolysis and positive feedback.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In summary, the inflammatory process in NPCs is made worse by the buildup of glucose brought on by metabolic problems, such as anaerobic glycolytic processes, and pyroptosis caused by excessive glucose may be mitigated by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress. A new therapeutic approach for IVDD will involve using ASIC1a as a regulatory target to enhance the inflammatory environment and decrease the incidence of NPCs pyroptosis. Following this, anaerobic glycolysis will be regulated, lactic acid generation will be reduced, and the degenerative vicious loop will be blocked.</p>","PeriodicalId":13550,"journal":{"name":"Inflammation Research","volume":"74 1","pages":"29"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143052515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endocan as a marker of endotheliitis in COVID-19 patients: modulation by veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, arterial hypertension and previous treatment with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors.","authors":"Marta Reina-Couto, David Alves, Carolina Silva-Pereira, Patrícia Pereira-Terra, Sandra Martins, João Bessa, Luísa Teixeira-Santos, Dora Pinho, Manuela Morato, Cláudia Camila Dias, António Sarmento, Margarida Tavares, João T Guimarães, Roberto Roncon-Albuquerque, José-Artur Paiva, António Albino-Teixeira, Teresa Sousa","doi":"10.1007/s00011-024-01964-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00011-024-01964-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Endocan has been scarcely explored in COVID-19, especially regarding its modulation by veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO), hypertension or previous renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors treatment. We compared endocan and other endotheliitis markers in hospitalized COVID-19 patients and assessed their modulation by VV-ECMO, hypertension and previous RAAS inhibitors treatment.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Serum endocan, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and E-selectin were measured in \"severe\" (n = 27), \"critically ill\" (n = 17) and \"critically ill on VV-ECMO\" (n = 17) COVID-19 patients at admission, days 3-4, 5-8 and weekly thereafter, and in controls (n = 23) at a single time point.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Admission endocan and VCAM-1 were increased in all patients, but \"critically ill on VV-ECMO\" patients had higher endocan and E-Selectin. Endocan remained elevated throughout hospitalization in all groups. \"Severe\" and \"critically ill\" hypertensive patients or previously treated with RAAS inhibitors had higher endocan and/or VCAM-1, but in VV-ECMO patients the raised endocan values seemed unrelated with these factors. Among all COVID-19 hypertensive patients, those with previous RAAS inhibitors treatment had higher endocan.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In our study, endocan stands out as the best marker of endotheliitis in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, being upregulated by VV-ECMO support, hypertension and previous RAAS inhibitor treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":13550,"journal":{"name":"Inflammation Research","volume":"74 1","pages":"26"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11762693/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143038273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pericytes mediate neuroinflammation via Fli-1 in endotoxemia and sepsis in mice.","authors":"Pengfei Li, Liu Liu, Perry V Halushka, Maria Trojanowska, Guirong Wang, Adviye Ergul, Hongkuan Fan","doi":"10.1007/s00011-025-02000-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00011-025-02000-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) often results from neuroinflammation. Recent studies have shown that brain platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ) cells, including pericytes, may act as early sensors of infection by secreting monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), which transmits inflammatory signals to the central nervous system. The erythroblast transformation-specific (ETS) transcription factor Friend leukemia virus integration 1 (Fli-1) plays a critical role in inflammation by regulating the expression of key cytokines, including MCP-1. However, the role of pericyte Fli-1 in neuroinflammation during sepsis remains largely unknown.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>WT and pericyte-specific Fli-1 knockout mice were subjected to endotoxemia through LPS injection or sepsis via cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). In vitro, Fli-1 was knocked down using small interfering RNA in cultured mouse brain pericytes, followed by LPS stimulation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Elevated Fli-1 levels were observed in isolated brain pericytes 2 h after LPS administration, in brain tissues 4 h after CLP, and in cultured mouse brain pericytes 2 h after LPS stimulation in vitro. In endotoxemic mice, pericyte-specific Fli-1 knockout reduced expression of MCP-1 and IL-6 in brain tissue 2 h after LPS injection. At 24 h post-LPS administration, protein levels of MCP-1 and IL-6, and microglia activation were suppressed in pericyte-Fli-1 knockout mice. Additionally, Fli-1 deficiency in pericytes significantly reduced MCP-1 and IL-6 mRNA levels in the brain tissue 4 h after CLP. Moreover, in cultured brain pericytes, Fli-1 knockdown markedly decreased MCP-1 and IL-6 levels after LPS stimulation. Notably, LPS stimulation increased Fli-1 levels via TLR4-Myd88 signaling, which subsequently led to elevated production of MCP-1 in brain pericytes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Fli-1 in pericytes may serve as a crucial mediator of neuroinflammation during sepsis by directly regulating pivotal cytokines such as MCP-1 and IL-6. Therefore, Fli-1 has the potential to serve as a therapeutic target in SAE and other neuroinflammatory disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":13550,"journal":{"name":"Inflammation Research","volume":"74 1","pages":"28"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11762421/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143038275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alginate-polylysine-alginate (APA) microencapsulated transgenic human amniotic epithelial cells ameliorate fibrosis in hypertrophic scars.","authors":"Linlin Su, Yanhui Jia, Yan Li, Jihong Shi","doi":"10.1007/s00011-025-02001-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00011-025-02001-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hypertrophic scar (HS) is a severe skin fibrosis. Transplanting stem cells carrying anti-fibrotic cytokine genes, like interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), is a novel therapeutic strategy. Human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs) are ideal seed cells and gene vectors. Microencapsulation creates a favorable environment for transplanted cells. This study investigates the effect of alginate-polylysine-alginate (APA)-microencapsulated hAECs modified with IFN-γ on HS fibrosis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>hAECs were isolated from human placentas and characterized. The full-length IFN-γ gene was cloned into the pcDNA3.1 vector to create the recombinant plasmid IFN-γ-pcDNA3.1. This plasmid was then transfected into hAECs, resulting in the generation of IFN-γ-modified hAECs (IFN-γ-hAECs). Subsequently, these IFN-γ-hAECs were microencapsulated with APA to produce APA-IFN-γ-hAECs. In vitro, the release of IFN-γ, as well as the cellular and metabolic activities, growth, proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and trans-differentiation were assessed using HS-derived fibroblasts. In vivo, the weight loss of HS xenografts, collagen fiber arrangement, tissue oxidative stress, and inflammatory response were evaluated using a nude mouse model that had been transplanted with human HS tissues.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In vitro, APA-IFN-γ-hAECs exhibited significantly sustained and enhanced IFN-γ release, increased cellular vitality, and inhibited fibroblast growth, proliferation, migration, and trans-differentiation into myofibroblasts. APA-IFN-γ-hAECs also remarkably downregulated extracellular matrix (ECM) components and promoted apoptosis. In vivo, they significantly accelerated the weight reduction of HS xenografts, improved collagen fiber arrangement, and mitigated oxidative stress and inflammation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study suggests that APA-microencapsulated IFN-γ-hAECs may have potential in alleviating HS fibrosis, offering a new direction for exploring effective clinical HS management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":13550,"journal":{"name":"Inflammation Research","volume":"74 1","pages":"22"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143059026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces sclerostin secretion by extracellular vesicle via TLR4/miR-92a-3p/PTEN/NF-κB signalling pathway in murine macrophage.","authors":"Carsten Tsun-Ka Kwok, Chun-Chak Wong, Jing-Jing Li, Yiu-Wa Kwan, George Pak-Heng Leung, Bun Tsoi, Franklin Wang-Ngai Chow, Sai-Wang Seto","doi":"10.1007/s00011-024-01987-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00011-024-01987-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sclerostin (SOST) is traditionally regarded as an osteocyte-derived secreted glycoprotein that regulates bone mineralization. Recent studies reported that SOST is also released from non-skeletal sources, especially during inflammation. However, the cellular source and regulatory mechanisms governing SOST generation in inflammation remain unclear. This study investigated whether macrophages produce SOST in response to inflammatory stimuli and determined associated regulatory pathways.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in SOST generation and its underlying regulatory mechanism was examined on mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 by western blot and immunofluorescent staining. Transfection with miR-92a-3p mimic and inhibitor were used to validate its role in SOST production. The role of NF-κB and TLR4 were studied using pharmacological inhibitors BAY 11-7085 and TAK242, respectively. The involvement of NF-κB and TLR4 in LPS-induced SOST production was further validated through nuclear NF-κB p65 immunoprecipitation and TLR4 small interfering RNA (siRNA) experiments, respectively.GW4869 and manumycin A (extracellular vesicles (EV) biogenesis inhibitors) were used to examine the associated of SOST and EV. Finally, SOST expression and characteristics of the isolated EV were assessed by Western blot and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>LPS significantly induced SOST protein expression and secretion in RAW 264.7. MiR-92a-3p was upregulated by LPS stimulation in macrophages. Transfection of miR-92a-3p mimic increased SOST generation in RAW 264.7. Inhibition of TLR4 and NF-κB signalling pathways using pharmacological inhibitors significantly suppressed LPS-induced SOST in RAW 264.7. Similarly, TLR4 siRNA effectively suppressed LPS-induced SOST level. However, the LPS-induced upregulation of miR-92a-3p was only regulated by TLR4, but not by NF-κB. NF-κB was found to directly bind to the mouse sost promoter, thereby activating sost transcription. Additionally, SOST secretion was found predominantly associated with EV from LPS-stimulated cells, and inhibition of EV biogenesis suppressed SOST production in RAW 264.7 cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In conclusion, our study showed, for the first time, that LPS induced SOST generation and secretion via TLR4/miR-92a-3p/PTEN/NF-κB singling pathway in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, we showed that SOST is secreted from the RAW 264.7 cells in the form of extracellular vesicle. This study identified macrophage as a novel source of SOST, highlighting its potential role in inflammatory diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":13550,"journal":{"name":"Inflammation Research","volume":"74 1","pages":"27"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143038274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}