Linguistics and Literature Review最新文献

{"title":"Gender-Based Politeness Strategies: A Case Study of the Department of English, University of Gujrat","authors":"Ayesha","doi":"10.32350/llr.81/04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/llr.81/04","url":null,"abstract":"Gender-based differences in language use have been investigated by researchers for a long time. It has been observed that men and women comply with different linguistic norms in their speeches. This fact not only characterizes their individual style but also portrays their respective masculinity and femininity. However, it has been noted also that linguistic norms are not necessarily gender specific. In this regard, this research paper aims to analyze the politeness-based strategies used by male and female faculty members of the Department of English, University of Gujrat while making conversation. Data was collected through purposive sampling technique keeping in view Lakoff’s politeness principles. For this purpose, the lectures of two male and female faculty members were recorded. The collected data was analyzed to highlight which gender complies more with the principles of politeness, as depicted by Robin Lakoff. The findings proved female faculty members to be more polite as compared to male faculty members. The current research helps future researchers and readers to understand how language works spontaneously among different genders and how communication can be improved by pedagogics while using the politeness principles laid down by Robin Lakoff. \u0000Keywords: communication, gender, language use, lectures, politeness","PeriodicalId":135226,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics and Literature Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116789529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Online English Literature Classes in Pakistani Public Universities: Preferences and Attitudes of Undergraduate Students","authors":"S. Hussain, A. Ali","doi":"10.32350/llr.81/05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/llr.81/05","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 resulted in the digitalization of teaching and learning in Pakistan and across the world. Indeed, online education has become a new normal in the wake of the pandemic. The subject of English literature in Pakistani universities is also being taught online, which has become a hindrance in the development of critical understanding of literature in students. Learning in online classes of English literature can be challenging for them because literature demands an effective discussion on the subject matter. Researcher 1, a student at the Department of English, University of Sindh observed such issues related to the online teaching of English literature. Students faced challenges in understanding literature in online classrooms due to digital illiteracy. This fact motivated the researchers to explore the attitudes and preferences of undergraduate students and measure challenges facing them in online classes in order to provide a way forward. Hence, this study focused on undergraduate online classrooms of English literature of sixteen public sector universities of Pakistan. A quantitative survey of the respondents, who were sampled using the probability sampling technique, was used to collect the primary data. In total, one hundred and fifty-one participants from sixteen Pakistani public sector universities participated in this study. Among them, sixty-five were males and eighty-six were females. All were undergraduate students at the Department of English Literature of their respective university. Their responses were quantified in MS Excel and charts. The quantified data revealed that most of the students wanted more discussion and engagement in online classes of English literature. The results also demonstrated that students supported interactive learning. Moreover, they did not consider the use of digital tools as effective in teaching drama and poetry. However, the online mode of teaching was preferred for teaching short stories and novels. This study can help teachers, students, and policymakers to know what students prefer and do not prefer in online classes. Furthermore, it manifests how their preferences can be transformed into student-centered teaching in the digital domain. \u0000Keywords: digital domain, English literature, online classes, pandemic, public sector, universities","PeriodicalId":135226,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics and Literature Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130605759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"I Fall Upon the Thorns of Life! I Bleed! Tracing Ausi’s Right to Maim in Omar Shahid Hamid’s The Spinner’s Tale (2015)","authors":"Farheen Shakir","doi":"10.32350/llr.81/02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/llr.81/02","url":null,"abstract":"Crime fiction has emerged as a developing genre in the literary field of Pakistan. Moreover, Omar Shahid Hamid’s fictional works have played a pivotal role in its emergence. The current review of The Spinner’s Tale (2015) by the above author depicts Uzair, a.k.a. Ausi, as the hardcore terrorist who falls upon the thorns of life and bleeds. His defiance of the essentialist human nature changes his free will into a nexus of obligations. Although he transgresses the prescribed boundaries to achieve his standard of morality so as to make sense of his revenge, his super-humanness as antihuman and disabled otherness are challenged by the state. The current study examines his right to maim in light of Jasbir K. Puar’s concept of maiming, disability, debility, and capacity. The insistent need of the time to optimize the level of violence perpetrated by the state and to revolutionize the philosophical standing about antihumanists and isolated figures remain the main aspects of discussion. Problematic characters, such as Ausi, present their defiance as resistance and take revenge from the technologized neo-imperial system for their maimed and disabled bodies. Through the lens of Jasbir Puar, Ausi’s right to maim is gauged by deconstructing biopolitical power structures and the shifting of the responsibility of crime and terrorism onto the civilized posthumans who own power, although remain powerless to handle terrorists. The current critical examination exposes Ausi’s standpoint of revenge against the posthumanist governmentality of neo-colonial powers and their unjust maiming and disabling of subjectified subjects in the colonized lands of Afghanistan, Palestine, and Kashmir.   \u0000Keywords: crime fiction, debility, disability, posthumanism, terrorism, violence \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":135226,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics and Literature Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121567634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Absentee Author and the Plane of Understanding in Six Characters in Search of an Author","authors":"Sumbal Maqsood","doi":"10.32350/llr.81/01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/llr.81/01","url":null,"abstract":"The study explores how the characters in Luigi Pirandello’s play Six  Characters in Search of An Author expose the limiting and conventional frames of understanding that fetter the imaginations of both theatrical actors and their audience. In general, when watching a play on a stage, conventional theatre-goers are usually rigid conformists who seek the validation of preconceived notions nurtured by their subjective planes of understanding. When such notions are challenged by modern dramatists like Pirandello, who dissolve the division between theatrical action and the audience, the audience feels displaced from their secure planes of understanding. Pirandello’s metatheatre evokes a poignant conscious response from his audience who had to become participants in stage action due to the authorial absence. Subsequently, rather than rejecting a play that shifts their secure coordinates of existence, the audience must construct meaning based on their varied versions of understanding. In a self-reflective stance induced by the play, the modern audience realizes that identities, meanings, and representations are not absolute. Hence, the aforementioned realization highlights the limitation of conventional frames of understanding, which not only hinders the performance of actors but also limits the understanding of the play itself. \u0000Keywords: actors; author; characters; understanding; reality; theatre","PeriodicalId":135226,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics and Literature Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116850434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depiction of Security Issues in Selected Yorùbá Proverbs","authors":"D. Arowosegbe","doi":"10.32350/llr.72/05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/llr.72/05","url":null,"abstract":"Yorùbá proverbs are a part of the wisdom lore of the Yorùbá race. The Yorùbá people value proverbs highly. They try to look for solutions to their problems in their proverbs. The prevailing criminal in Nigeria create an atmosphere of insecurity in the country. The question this paper intends to answer is whether the use of Yoruba proverbs can bring insecurity in Yorùbá land under control? To answer this question, adopting the sociology of literature, this study examined thirty security related Yorùbá proverbs collected through personal observations and published texts on Yorùbá proverbs. Our findings showed that false assumptions, bad company, and lack of foresight can bring about insecurity, while having foresight and making joint efforts can strengthen the security of Yorùbá land. The paper concludes that Yorùbá proverbs relevant to security matters can reduce the problems of insecurity in Yorùbá land if their teachings are utilised to guide them appropriately. \u0000Keywords: insecurity, proverbs, vigilance, wisdom","PeriodicalId":135226,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics and Literature Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129229188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Saraiki WordNet by Mapping of Word Senses: A Corpus-based Approach","authors":"Sarah Gul, Musarrat Azher, S. Nawaz","doi":"10.32350/llr.72/04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/llr.72/04","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aimed to develop the Saraiki WordNet. Saraiki is one of the regional languages spoken in Pakistan and has a unique history of its own. Saraiki language is remarkably similar to two languages, namely Punjabi and Sindhi. Saraiki has different dialects and each dialect is representative of the region where it is spoken. This paper used the Urdu WordNet (Zafar, Mahmood, Shams & Hussain, 2014) as the basis for the formation of Saraiki WordNet. Urdu WordNet (Zafar et al., 2014) was created by UET Lahore and is based on Princeton WordNet (Miller, 1990). Dictionaries or lughats and literary sources, such as poetry, fiction, as well as non-literary sources, such as newspapers of Saraiki language, were used to extract data. Additionally, Urdu word senses were mapped onto Saraiki word senses. The method used in this study was mapping, while the expansion approach was used in the mapping process. This study may aid in creating bilingual dictionaries (of Saraiki and Urdu?) in the future. \u0000Keywords: expand approach, mapping, Saraiki language, WordNet","PeriodicalId":135226,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics and Literature Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121467370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Then and Now Space: Conceptual Mapping of Time and Space through Language in William Diehl’s Primal Fear","authors":"Noureen Waqar, Zulfiqar Ali","doi":"10.32350/llr.72/02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/llr.72/02","url":null,"abstract":"Language aids in the conceptual mapping between time and space. Furthermore, an individual holds both the real and the imaginary world in their memory and tries to make sense of it through the help of language. Language plays a significant role in mapping the abstract concepts rooted in the real world and stored in the human mind. The current study was aimed at tracing input and blended spaces in the selected text. It also analyzed the conceptual mapping between time and space through language and examined its significance in the selected character, named Aaron Stampler, in a novel titled ‘Primal Fear’. The study adds to the existing knowledge in the field of cognitive linguistics by tracing the connection between past and present mental spaces inside the human memory. It also highlights the mechanisms of then (past) and now (present) in mapping mental spaces through language. The current study is based on a conceptual framework designed by blending two theories: Conceptual Integration Theory and Here and Now Space. The analysis of the selected text revealed that conceptual mapping between then and now spaces connects the memories of the past with the present. An individual collects data from their surrounding and stores it in the form of language, to be used when required. The study concluded that mental concepts are mapped between time and space through the relatedness of their subject matter, which is traced with the help of language. The findings of this research may aid in investigating the language used in interrogating criminals, cross-questioning them, as well as dissecting their psychiatric sessions. \u0000Keywords: conceptual mapping, here and now space, input space, mental spaces","PeriodicalId":135226,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics and Literature Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114549546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discourse of Socio-political Crisis and the Pandemic: A Linguistic Analysis of Jordanian Arabic Cartoons on COVID-19","authors":"R. Lulu, Luwaytha S Habeeb, Sohayle M. Hadji Abdul Racman","doi":"10.32350/llr.72/01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/llr.72/01","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 has affected the lifeways of people all over the world. Hence, this study is mainly concerned with the discourse related to COVID-19. It investigated the way cartoonists represented this pandemic in Arabic and whether such a representation reflects the contemporary attitudes and values of the society. For this purpose, 150 cartoons were selected from Alghad, an online Jordanian daily in Arabic, published between the years 2020-2021. Data was analysed through a multimodal analysis. The study revealed ten themes related to COVID-19 and used by Arabic cartoonists including the quarantine and the lockdown, economic devastation, political discourse, social relationship discourse, wishes and occasions, greetings for medical staff, travel and tourism, work and education, health awareness, and dissatisfied citizens. Our study was in agreement with the results of Joubert and Wasserman (2020). They stated that editorial cartoons are important not only because they disseminate information during a public health pandemic but also because they are considered a great source of data to measure public perceptions and sentiments.   \u0000Keywords: cartoons, economic devastation, health awareness, political discourse, quarantine, social discourse \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":135226,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics and Literature Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121276546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Absence of the Transcendental Signified: Tracing the Dynamics of Intertextuality in Selected Essays of Shoaib Bin Hassan","authors":"Rija Ahsan, Sarah Ishfaq","doi":"10.32350/llr.72/03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/llr.72/03","url":null,"abstract":"This research aimed to analyse selected essays from the anthology Aesthetics of Incompleteness by Shoaib Bin Hassan to prove the intertextual nature of language in the Pakistani postmodern Anglophone literature. The objective was to explore the linguistic and thematic intertextual underpinnings to highlight how literary, cultural, and historical narratives are interwoven in the text, which denotes the absence of a transcendental signified and the text becomes a web of textuality. Using a deconstructionist approach, the study postulated that language bears the absence of a transcendental signified, which marks its decentred nature, complemented by the concept of intertextuality. In this research, the language and referents employed by Hassan in his essays were specifically analysed. This study fills the research gap that appears in contemporary Pakistani Anglophone literature due to a lack of poststructuralist research. The critical ideas propounded by (Derrida, 2009; Catherine Besley, 2008; Peter Barry, 2007; Leitch, 1983; Maria Jesus Martinez Alfaro, 1996) served as the basis of the theoretical framework utilized in this study and secondary texts for this research. Opening up similar poststructuralist viewpoints for the exploration of postmodern literature, this study paves the way for more research on Pakistani Anglophone literature intended to analyse textual innovations, specifically in contemporary texts. Moreover, since literary essay is a withering genre in Pakistani Anglophone literature, this research is likely to play a significant role in rejuvenating its importance and adding a new literary dimension to it. \u0000Keywords: decentred, intertextuality, language, transcendental signified","PeriodicalId":135226,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics and Literature Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114763572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Translation of Name Labels in Spider-Man Comics","authors":"Chan Jin Vei, Krishnavanie Shunmugam","doi":"10.32350/LLR.71.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/LLR.71.02","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the translation of address terms or name labels in comics from English to Malay. The two aims of this study are: (i) to identify the main translation strategies used in the target text regarding Baker's (1992) typology of translation strategies and (ii) to discuss how effectively the source author’s name labels are transposed in Malay by using Eugene Nida’s (1964: 182) basic principles of \"the general efficiency of the communication process\" and \"comprehension of intent\" as a yardstick. The data comprises 187 name labels identified in 14 series of the Spider-Man comics and their Malay counterparts. The findings revealed that the three most frequently used strategies are paraphrasing by using related words followed by omissions of name labels and translating by using less expressive or neutral words. With regard to the efficacy of the Malay translations in conveying the semantic robustness of the English name labels, it was found that the translator has prioritized a transparent translation to achieve easy comprehensibility for the target reader over a faithful preservation of the author's style and the finer nuances expressed by the name labels.","PeriodicalId":135226,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics and Literature Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128711910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}