Yannan Zhou, James E. Humphries, Joseph W. Spencer, Joseph D. Yan, Zhixiang Wang, Gordon R. Jones
{"title":"Contact Erosion Induced by Free-Burning Arcs in an Experimental Gas Circuit Breaker","authors":"Yannan Zhou, James E. Humphries, Joseph W. Spencer, Joseph D. Yan, Zhixiang Wang, Gordon R. Jones","doi":"10.1109/tpwrd.2025.3543855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2025.3543855","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13498,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143462539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Feeder Automation Deployment Optimization for Resilience Reinforcement of Distribution Networks","authors":"Yaqi Sun;Wenchuan Wu","doi":"10.1109/TPWRD.2025.3537136","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TPWRD.2025.3537136","url":null,"abstract":"To enhance system resilience and accelerate outage load restoration, local feeder automation is widely deployed in distribution networks with locally automated devices. By presetting action logics, these automated devices can quickly isolate faults and restore outage loads. In order to meet resilience requirements, the non-automated distribution network should be upgraded to a partially-automated one due to limited budget. Conventionally, such resilience reinforcement plan is designed based on engineers’ experience. In this paper, we propose an optimization model for optimally upgrading manually operated switchable equipment to automatically operated one by local feeder automation in distribution networks, in which the predefined resilience indices for networks are explicitly expressed as constraints. The control logics and coordinated operations of feeder automation equipment are analytically formulated. Finally, the proposed model is formulated as the mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) and can be effectively solved. Case studies on an 8-section illustrative system and a 54-node system show the effectiveness of the presented models.","PeriodicalId":13498,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","volume":"40 2","pages":"927-937"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143451684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"UHF Partial Discharge Detection and Localization: On-Site Experiences at 110-kV-Cable Terminations","authors":"Rouven Berkemeier;Robert Bach;Stefan Tenbohlen","doi":"10.1109/TPWRD.2025.3542846","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TPWRD.2025.3542846","url":null,"abstract":"The measurement of partial discharges (PD) has already proven itself for the use at cable systems. PD measurement is particularly relevant in the area of cable accessories, as both the cable joints and the cable terminations are the most frequent cause of faults within the cable system. Among other things, this can be traced back to assembly faults or improper work. Ultra-high Frequency (UHF) PD measurement is becoming more important in the field of cable terminations. This contribution shows how an on-site measurement can be performed on various 110-kV-cable terminations with a self-developed UHF system. The UHF-PD tests were carried out in two substations. In the first substation, the tests were performed under AC operating voltage on a total of six cable terminations. With the UHF system, both corona discharges and surface discharges could be reliably detected. In the second substation, the UHF PD test was performed in combination with a commissioning test with Damped AC-Test Voltage (DAC). During the commissioning test, PD activity was detected on phases L2 and L3, both in the area of the cable termination. The results of the UHF system confirm those of the conventional PD measurement performed in parallel.","PeriodicalId":13498,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","volume":"40 2","pages":"1169-1179"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143443531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Explicit Resilience Assessment Model for Distribution Systems With Arbitrary Protection and Switching Equipment Configuration","authors":"Yaqi Sun;Wenchuan Wu","doi":"10.1109/TPWRD.2025.3541751","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TPWRD.2025.3541751","url":null,"abstract":"The power outages caused by extreme events are becoming more frequently and damage the distribution networks in recent years. Therefore, the concept of resilience was proposed to measure the performance of the distribution systems in high-impact and low-probability (HILP) events. In this paper, we propose an explicit resilience assessment model for the distribution networks. For HILP events, an explicit formulation model is proposed to describe the evolution of the distribution system from the contingencies occurrence to system recovery, in which the actions of protection and switch equipment, such as circuit breakers, automatic switches and manual switches, are fully considered. Based on this formulation, an explicit resilience assessment model considering the maintenance resource constraints is developed, which embeds the optimization of outage recovery sequence. The resilience assessment model is finally cast as an instance of mixed integer linear programming (MILP). Case study on the modified IEEE 33-node and IEEE 123-node systems is performed and the effectiveness of proposed method is verified.","PeriodicalId":13498,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","volume":"40 2","pages":"1089-1099"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143443528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ali Shakeri Kahnamouei, Saeed Lotfifard, Mohammadali Rostami
{"title":"Optimized Distribution Systems Reconfiguration Considering Protection Devices Constraints","authors":"Ali Shakeri Kahnamouei, Saeed Lotfifard, Mohammadali Rostami","doi":"10.1109/tpwrd.2025.3542817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2025.3542817","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13498,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143443530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhi Zheng;Yunzheng Chen;Xiao Zhong;Qingchuan Fan;Jiahao Zhang;Rong Wu;Xin Li;Qiuqin Sun
{"title":"Cumulative Effect of Reignition Overvoltage Caused by Vacuum Circuit Breaker on Shunt Reactor Insulation in Offshore Wind Farm","authors":"Zhi Zheng;Yunzheng Chen;Xiao Zhong;Qingchuan Fan;Jiahao Zhang;Rong Wu;Xin Li;Qiuqin Sun","doi":"10.1109/TPWRD.2025.3542392","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TPWRD.2025.3542392","url":null,"abstract":"When vacuum circuit breaker (VCB) frequently interrupts shunt reactor (SR) in offshore wind farm (OWF), there is a large cumulative effect of reignition overvoltage. Firstly, an OWF model, which includes the SR model with distributed parameters and the VCB model considering arc reignition, is implemented in the environment of electromagnetic transient program (EMTP). Based on the theory of waveguide, the voltage distribution along the SR winding is analyzed. The influence of reignition number on the oscillation of voltage distribution is discussed. Then, the method for evaluating the strength of overvoltage cumulative effect is proposed based on the <italic>U</i>-<italic>N</i> curve of insulation breakdown. The results indicate that the weakness of insulation breakdown usually occurs in the middle of the winding. The performances of three overvoltage suppression measures in reducing cumulative effect are compared. A suggestion is provided to assist in selecting suitable device and prevent the hazards of overvoltage and its cumulative effect.","PeriodicalId":13498,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","volume":"40 2","pages":"1158-1168"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143443529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysis and Control of Multi-Mode Oscillations in Multi-Infeed MMC-HVDC Systems","authors":"Jing Lyu;Jiahao Yin;Lei Gao","doi":"10.1109/TPWRD.2025.3541388","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TPWRD.2025.3541388","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the phenomenon of wideband oscillation has emerged as a significant concern for small-signal stability in modular multilevel converter (MMC) based high-voltage direct current (MMC-HVDC) systems. Sub/super-synchronous oscillations (SSOs) and high-frequency oscillations (HFOs) have been frequently reported globally, prompting the implementation of numerous control strategies aimed at mitigating these oscillatory events. However, in more complex systems, such as multi-infeed MMC-HVDC systems, there exists the potential for multi-mode oscillations, which refers to the concurrent occurrence of multiple independent oscillation components at a single electrical node. This novel oscillation issue in multi-infeed MMC-HVDC systems is still lack of relevant research. To address this issue, an analytical approach using whole-system impedance analysis alongside a parameter sensitivity index is employed to investigate multi-mode oscillation phenomena in a multi-infeed MMC-HVDC system. Furthermore, an adaptive control strategy based on fast oscillation frequency detection is proposed, which demonstrates effectiveness across various operation conditions through case studies.","PeriodicalId":13498,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","volume":"40 2","pages":"1203-1213"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143417171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Measurements of Breakdown Voltage Characteristics of Medium Voltage Vacuum Circuit Breaker After Current Interruption","authors":"Szymon Stoczko;Marcin Szewczyk;Waldemar Chmielak;Radosław Szreder;Zbigniew Pochanke","doi":"10.1109/TPWRD.2025.3541301","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TPWRD.2025.3541301","url":null,"abstract":"We present a test circuit for measuring the breakdown voltage characteristics of a vacuum circuit breaker after current interruption process. The test circuit combines the high current part from the synthetic test circuit as per IEC Std. 62271-101 with the so-called Rabus high voltage part. The high current part reproduces the current phase before voltage build-up occurring after zero current crossing, then the Rabus high voltage part provides voltage breakdowns constituting breakdown voltage characteristics. The high current part can be adjusted to represent the actual current conditions which influences the physical conditions of the contact system upon which the interruption process is highly dependent. To illustrate the measuring system and the measuring procedure, the measurements of the breakdown voltages are reported for a commercial 12 kV/1250 A/31.5 kA vacuum circuit breaker. The breakdown voltages are measured primarily as a function of time and then converted via a contact travel curve into the vacuum interrupter contact gap function. This allows the results to be converted back and applied to a breaker with the same characteristics of the vacuum interrupter unit operating in similar current conditions, but with different mechanical characteristics of the breaker-specific actuator than the one used in testing.","PeriodicalId":13498,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","volume":"40 2","pages":"1214-1222"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143418377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multiple Correspondence Analysis-Based Evaluation of Power Asset Condition Monitoring Techniques","authors":"Nan Zhou;Yan Xu;Sungin Cho;Cheng-Tian Wee","doi":"10.1109/TPWRD.2025.3541131","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TPWRD.2025.3541131","url":null,"abstract":"Condition monitoring (CM) plays an important part in power asset management to sustain the high-level reliability of a power grid. Given various power asset CM techniques (CMTs), it is necessary to evaluate and select the most suitable technique that can effectively reflect equipment failure. This paper proposes a systematic method to evaluate CMTs that allows decision makers to successfully address this problem. Firstly, a multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) model is used to analyze and visualize the association among the power asset technical parameter, failure modes, and CMTs, ensuring that they can be analyzed in the same framework. Secondly, a performance score is proposed to quantitatively estimate the correspondence of each CMT in detecting failure. Thirdly, hierarchical clustering is performed to identify the most suitable CMTs for equipment with different technical parameters. Case studies are conducted with actual data in Singapore, and the results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":13498,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","volume":"40 2","pages":"1180-1190"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143418376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Earth Fault Detection Method for TN-C Systems Based on Comparison of Current Deviations","authors":"Zhongyu Sun;Bingyin Xu;Wei Wang;Tony Yip","doi":"10.1109/TPWRD.2025.3541201","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TPWRD.2025.3541201","url":null,"abstract":"The existing low voltage (LV) earth fault detection techniques using residual current measurements cannot be effectively applied to the multi-earthed TN-C system. When an earth fault occurs on the multi-earthed TN-C system, the fault current passes through the combined protective and neutral (PEN) conductor back to the source, resulting in a low residual current. However, unbalanced load switching also generates residual current through the same path back to the source, thus making fault discrimination very difficult. To address this problem, the four-wire multi-earthed TN-C system was analyzed by decoupling the mode 0 and the mode N of the equivalent circuit so that the current characteristics can be clearly studied. A new earth fault detection method is developed which compares the residual current deviation with the PEN conductor current deviation. The scheme uses amplitude ratio and phase angle difference between these two measurements to discriminate between earth faults and unbalanced load switching. The feasibility of the proposed method was verified by digital simulation and by physical tests in an actual LV distribution network. Compared to approaches based only on residual current, the proposed method demonstrates better sensitivity and reliability.","PeriodicalId":13498,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","volume":"40 2","pages":"1191-1202"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143417169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}