Jia Peng;Ruisong Zhang;Shurong Li;Daning Zhang;Junbo Deng
{"title":"A Novel Damped AC Generator Used for Off-Line Partial Discharge Testing of Power Cables","authors":"Jia Peng;Ruisong Zhang;Shurong Li;Daning Zhang;Junbo Deng","doi":"10.1109/TPWRD.2025.3574802","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TPWRD.2025.3574802","url":null,"abstract":"Damped AC (DAC) testing is a widely utilized method for detecting partial discharge (PD) signals in power cables. However, the conventional approach is detrimental to the cable's insulation due to the accumulation of space charge during the DC charging process. To address this issue, this paper proposes a novel DAC generator topology. Compared with the conventional DAC generator, a storage capacitor and a switch are added. In the proposed DAC generator, by conducting switches at different moments, the voltage across the cable oscillates from near zero instead of starting from a high DC voltage, thus preventing the injection of space charge into the cable's insulation layer. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed DAC generator, an experimental platform was established. The results demonstrate that the DAC generator operates normally and successfully initiates PD signals at cable defect sites. The comparative experiments reveal that the total PD quantity under the novel DAC voltage is lower than that under the conventional DAC voltage for two types of defects, which suggests no space charge is injected in the novel DAC approach.","PeriodicalId":13498,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","volume":"40 4","pages":"2278-2288"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144177090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Harmonic State Space Based Stability Analysis of LCC-HVDC System With Saturated Transformer","authors":"Hanwen Wang;Yang Wang;Xianyong Xiao;Zhiquan Ma;Qunwei Xu","doi":"10.1109/TPWRD.2025.3575065","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TPWRD.2025.3575065","url":null,"abstract":"Transformer saturation caused harmonic instability has always been a pain point for the LCC-HVDC system. Although various analysis methods have been proposed, none of them examine the impact of complex harmonic coupling of nonlinear transformers under saturation conditions. To address this concern, the paper adopts the harmonic state space (HSS) technique to accurately describe the harmonic coupling in LCC-HVDC systems with saturated transformers. A saturable transformer model is first developed with the excitation curve described by polynomial fitting and then interconnected with the LCC-HVDC system to form the complete HSS model for the study. To facilitate the stability analysis, the HSS model is further transformed into a single input single output impedance. As a result, the influence of the harmonic coupling can be easily observed through the impedance curves. Finally, impedance based stability analysis is conducted to explain the reason why the LCC-HVDC is more easily to lose its stability under transformer saturation conditions and identify key factors influencing this kind of instability. Simulation and experiment results validate the theoretical analysis.","PeriodicalId":13498,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","volume":"40 4","pages":"2254-2266"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144177089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Three-Phase Adaptive Reclosing Scheme of the Line Based on Active Injection of the Characteristic Voltage by HPFC","authors":"Tao Zheng;Shuo Ding;Wenxuan Lv","doi":"10.1109/TPWRD.2025.3574458","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TPWRD.2025.3574458","url":null,"abstract":"The hybrid power flow controller based on cascade H-bridge (HPFC) technology represents a versatile and cost-effective solution for power flow control. This device capitalizes on the strengths of phase-shifting transformers and power electronic devices, offering benefits for power grid optimization, renewable energy transmission, and flexible interconnection of regions. However, in the event of a permanent fault on the line with HPFC, conventional three-phase reclosing can lead to increased secondary short-circuit currents, posing significant risks to the power grid. The operational characteristics of HPFC render passive fault location methods less effective, thereby affecting fault localization accuracy. This paper presents a three-phase adaptive reclosing scheme for the line based on active injection of characteristic voltage by HPFC. By leveraging the unique features of HPFC, the scheme proposes a novel method for generating and injecting characteristic voltage. Considering factors such as current transformer measurements and transition resistance, the scheme introduces a fault nature criterion using staged characteristic voltage injection. This approach enhances the success rate of three-phase reclosing and ensures fault recovery capability. The feasibility of the proposed scheme is validated through a PSCAD/EMTDC simulation model of the line with HPFC.","PeriodicalId":13498,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","volume":"40 4","pages":"2267-2277"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144164875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Time-Sequential Fault Current Limiting Method for Grid-Forming DFIGs in Compliance With Emerging Grid Codes","authors":"Jiakang Wang;Xu Li;Jiyong Zhang","doi":"10.1109/TPWRD.2025.3574682","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TPWRD.2025.3574682","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the widespread adoption of grid-forming (GFM) control in inverter-based resources (IBRs), its application in doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs) with simultaneous consideration of modern grid codes (GCs) and fault current limiting (FCL) requirements remains largely unexplored. This paper reveals that the two typical virtual impedance (VI)-based FCL methods designed for GFM-IBRs are ill-suited for GFM-DFIGs during symmetrical faults. This incompatibility is evident not only in the failure to prevent temporary overcurrent but also in the violation of modern GCs regarding the distribution and dynamic response speed of the active and reactive currents. Also, this paper proposes a novel time-sequential FCL strategy to address the demands of both FCL and GC requirements. In this proposed approach, the VI is adaptively adjusted at specific fault stages, while concurrently aligning the internal virtual electromotive force (EMF) of the GFM-DFIG with GC requirements. Simulation results conducted on a 9-bus IEEE test system and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing experiments validate the enhanced alignment with emerging GC standards of the proposed FCL strategy, even under varying symmetrical voltage sags and faulty phase jumps.","PeriodicalId":13498,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","volume":"40 4","pages":"2228-2240"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144164850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A New Approach to Determine Feasible Operating Region of Unbalanced Distribution Networks With Distributed Photovoltaics","authors":"Manorath Prasad;Zakir Hussain Rather;Reza Razzaghi;Suryanarayana Doolla","doi":"10.1109/TPWRD.2025.3555210","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TPWRD.2025.3555210","url":null,"abstract":"Amidst rising distributed generation and its potential role in grid management, this article presents a new realistic approach to determine the operational space and flexibility potential of an unbalanced active distribution network. The feasible operating region of an active distribution network is constituted by its range of active-reactive power exchanges with the bulk power system without breaching network constraints. This study explores the potential of highly penetrated single- and three-phase distributed photovoltaics and voltage-sensitive loads to determine the feasible operating region at different operating points. The cumulative response of Volt-Var controlled distributed photovoltaics and voltage-sensitive loads determines the power flow at the bulk power system-active distribution network interconnection, ensuring feasibility with respect to voltage magnitude and unbalance constraints. Further, the correspondence of feasible operating region with the tap-settings of substation transformer enables a novel feature to traverse throughout the available operating region and facilitate bulk power system-active distribution network power coordination. Additionally, a nodal sensitivity-based adjustable Volt-Var control scheme is proposed for distributed photovoltaics, improving the feasible operating region. The proposed strategy is validated on bulk power system-active distribution network integrated test system. Bulk power system: IEEE-9 bus system – Active distribution network: (highly unbalanced IEEE-13 bus distribution system (medium voltage) + modified CIGRE low voltage system).","PeriodicalId":13498,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","volume":"40 3","pages":"1493-1504"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143734207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cooperative Control of FFM-CSC Using Positive and Negative Trigger Angle for Offshore Wind Power Transmission","authors":"Dingteng Feng;Xiaoling Xiong;Chenhao Yao;Zihan Zhou;Chengyong Zhao","doi":"10.1109/TPWRD.2025.3555254","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TPWRD.2025.3555254","url":null,"abstract":"The current source converter (CSC) is a competitive solution for offshore wind grid integration. The fundamental frequency modulation-based current source converter (FFM-CSC) effectively solves the shortcomings of pulse width modulation CSC (PWM-CSC), in which DC voltage ripple is drastic and electrical stresses are high. The independent control of offshore AC voltage and frequency requires two degrees of control freedom for the converter. Nevertheless, this is not possible for the FFM-CSC since it has single control degree of freedom. To solve this problem, a positive and negative trigger angle cooperative control method is developed for CSC-HVDC connected offshore wind farms. The positive and negative trigger angles of the high and low valves are adopted to stabilize the offshore AC grid and achieve independent control of voltage amplitude and frequency. Next, by exploring the monotonicity of the offshore voltage amplitude and frequency, the laws affecting the control objectives were analyzed. Then, the AC fault characteristics are analyzed, whilst the ride-through methods are investigated accordingly. Finally, experimental prototypes and simulation models are built to confirm the designed control strategy and fault ride-through mechanism.","PeriodicalId":13498,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","volume":"40 3","pages":"1574-1586"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143734328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Research on Analytical Calculation Method for DC Bias Characteristic of High Voltage Group Transformer","authors":"Botong Li;Siyuan Liu;Weijie Wen;Bin Li;Qing Li","doi":"10.1109/TPWRD.2025.3554705","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TPWRD.2025.3554705","url":null,"abstract":"The calculation methods and characteristics analysis of transformer DC bias (TDB) are fundamental to researching the DC bias problems. Presently, the numerical calculation method is mainly adopted to solve the electromagnetic coupling equation of the transformer, which is unable to obtain the current expression and make precise TDB characteristics analysis. In this paper, the knee point of the magnetization curve is taken as the demarcation point of the calculation cycle. The electromagnetic coupling equation of the group transformer is solved analytically segment by segment, and time-domain expressions of winding current and excitation current in the unsaturated area and saturated area are obtained. The influence of TDB on the winding current and excitation current characteristic components is analyzed. On this basis, A calculation method for the DC bias current that causes critical saturation of the transformer is proposed. Furthermore, achieving the prediction of whether the core occurs saturated phenomenon under TDB. The validity and accuracy of the theoretical analysis are verified using the Matlab/Simulink simulation platform. The conclusions of the paper provide certain references for quantitatively analyzing the characteristics of TDB.","PeriodicalId":13498,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","volume":"40 3","pages":"1469-1479"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143712791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Improved 2D Method of Moments for the Capacitance Calculation of Round Conductors With Insulation Layers","authors":"Tianming Luo;Mohamad Ghaffarian Niasar;Peter Vaessen","doi":"10.1109/TPWRD.2025.3554662","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TPWRD.2025.3554662","url":null,"abstract":"Capacitance plays a crucial role in high <inline-formula><tex-math>$boldsymbol{dv/dt}$</tex-math></inline-formula> situations, making the accurate estimation of parasitic capacitance essential. This paper introduces an improved method of moments (MoM) for calculating the capacitance of round conductors, with or without insulation layers. The proposed method combines MoM with an analytical solution based on Laplace's equation. Compared to the original MoM, the proposed method does not require consideration of polarization charges on the surface of the insulation layer, which reduces the matrix size. Additionally, the proposed method can provide asymptotic formulas for capacitance calculation. The proposed method is compared with the 2D finite-element method (FEM), MoM and measurements. The results demonstrate that the proposed method aligns well with both the FEM simulations and the actual measurements. The proposed method uses less than half the time to calculate the same cases compared to the original MoM.","PeriodicalId":13498,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","volume":"40 3","pages":"1597-1606"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143713353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Novel Method for Calculating Resistance of Grounding Schemes Buried in Homogenous and Two-Layer Soils Based on Current Sphere Simulation Technique and Concept of Images","authors":"Mazen Abdel-Salam;Ahmad Eid;Hadeer Hassan El-Hawary","doi":"10.1109/TPWRD.2025.3555103","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TPWRD.2025.3555103","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is aimed at proposing a novel method for calculating the resistance-to-ground of three grounding-schemes under known applied-voltage. The schemes include a vertical rod(s), and square/rectangular grids with and without rods. The schemes are buried in a homogenous-soil or two-layer soil with an interface-plane separating the soil layers. The calculation method is based on the current-sphere-simulation-technique (CSST) along with the concept of images. The currents in the vertical-rod and the grid-conductors are simulated by current- spheres of diameters the same as the rod or conductor. The interface-plane between soil-layers is simulated by two sets of equal number of current-spheres. Satisfaction of Dirichlet boundary-condition at the scheme-surface and normal current-density continuity along with the potential-equality boundary-conditions the interface-plane formulates a set of equations, whose solution determines the currents of the simulation-spheres. The sum of sphere-currents simulating the ground-scheme represents the current injected into the surrounding-soil for evaluating the scheme grounding-resistance. The calculated grounding-resistance by the proposed-method agreed with those obtained from COMSOL and CYMGRD with a deviation up to 13.2% for the investigated three grounding-schemes.","PeriodicalId":13498,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","volume":"40 3","pages":"1587-1596"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143713354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery Information for Authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TPWRD.2025.3549069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2025.3549069","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13498,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","volume":"40 2","pages":"C3-C3"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10938746","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143706782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}