Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research (KLEU)最新文献

{"title":"Paternal characteristics associated with low birth weight in India","authors":"Sadashiva Hegde, Jang Prasad, Rajeshwari Biradar, Alex M. Carvalho","doi":"10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_210_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_210_23","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: There are both interim and long-standing effects of low birth weight, which is a significant global public health issue. Using data from the National Family Health Survey-5, which was conducted in 2019–21. AIM AND OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the relationship between the father's attributes and low birth weight in India. Materials and Method: Both bivariate and multivariate approaches were used to analyze a total of 18,950 samples of families with kids. RESULT: The overall percentage of low birth weight in India was 16.6%. The highest prevalence of low birth weight was among younger fathers and mothers (17.6% and 18.2%), the father who went elementary school (16.7%), the mother non-educated (16.6%), paternal who had a drinking alcohol habit (15.3%), living in rural areas (15.3%), those belongs to Hindu religion (16.4%) and those from the central region (18%) of India. After accounting for major background influences, the adjusted odds ratios showed that, the paternal who have not completed more than a primary education, who is the Hindu religion, and who consume alcohol had the highest risk of LBW babies compared to their counterparts. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated the incidence of low birth weight in India and how it relates to the characteristics of the father. The research will assist decision-makers in developing interventions to reduce low birth weight in India.","PeriodicalId":13457,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research (KLEU)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139346808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing a prototype device to measure nail bed angle – An exploratory multiphasic study","authors":"Tanvi Fuletra, Nidhi Ved","doi":"10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_439_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_439_22","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Digital clubbing is characterized by a focal bulbous enlargement of the terminal segments of the fingers and/or toes due to the proliferation of connective tissue between nail matrix and the distal phalanx. The purpose of this study is to develop a prototype device to measure nail bed angle with significant inter-rater and intra-rater reliability. METHODOLOGY: Assessment eligibility through inclusion and exclusion criteria. Informed consent was signed by the patient before starting the testing procedure and measurement was done using the nail bed angle measuring device in normal and patients with clubbing. RESULTS: The intraclass correlation s test shows that the device has high reliability score ranging from 0.989 to 0.993. DISCUSSION: Lovibond represented the “profile” sign in 1938, which shows the actual clubbing of the fingers if it is >180. Till the day, the Schamroth's window test is used to identify or confirm clubbing where if 2 opposing fingers are held back-to-back against each other, a diamond-shaped space should normally appear between the nail beds and the nails of the two fingers. In clubbing, this space (or window) was missing. This test was useful if the finger clubbing is present graded into class 3 or more as there will not be much angle deviation to be visible in the Schamroth's sign. CONCLUSIONS: This device can measure the angle of the nail bed which will measure the slightest deviation in angle. This device is portable, cost-effective, less time-consuming, and high in accuracy.","PeriodicalId":13457,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research (KLEU)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139346826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the learning style puzzle: Factors that shape how medical students learn","authors":"Saurabh Ram Bihari Shrivastava, Dhiyaul M. Jasri","doi":"10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_451_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_451_23","url":null,"abstract":"The medical curriculum is extremely vast and dynamic, and it is expected that, within the defined time frame, a student must acquire the desired learning outcomes. This draws our attention to the phenomenon of learning style, which refers to the preferred way by which a medical student tries to acquire and process information. Once we understand the learning styles of students, it enables teachers to customize their instructional strategies depending on the unique needs of the student, and this enriches the learning experience and ensures better engagement, which in turn promotes deeper understanding and enhanced knowledge retention. Learning style plays a vital role in augmenting academic performance and improving knowledge retention among medical students. A wide range of factors cumulatively determine the learning styles of medical students, and as educators, we must take into account these potential factors, which often act in combination. In conclusion, understanding and accommodating different learning styles play an instrumental role in aiding educators customize their instructional methods and materials to meet the diversified needs of medical students, which is crucial to develop an inclusive learning environment.","PeriodicalId":13457,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research (KLEU)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139343900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of overweight and obesity among adolescent students in North Karnataka","authors":"M. Hulagbali, Sangeeta N Kharde","doi":"10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_444_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_444_22","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Globally, childhood and adolescent obesity prevalence has reached alarming levels with grave public health consequences. It is believed that a sedentary lifestyle and the consumption of calorie-dense and low-nutritional-value foods are two of the most significant etiological factors contributing to the rising prevalence of childhood and adolescent obesity in developing countries. OBJECTIVE: The main objective was to study the contributing factors (determinants) of obesity among adolescent students. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2019 to October 2019 among 1050 schoolchildren from different schools in Belagavi. The results used for comparison were based on descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, and multiple logistic regression analysis using the statistical package for the social science version 22.0. The significance level of all the tests was set at P ≤ 0.05. RESULTS: The study results revealed that age, family history of diabetes, family history of hypertension, physical activity (running, swimming), number of hours spent with mobile every day, number of hours spent with a computer every day, frequency of foodstuffs consumed by a child (fried food, bakery items, sweets, and fast foods) were statistically significant or associated with overweight and obesity (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The study concluded that high-socioeconomic status, physical inactivity, frequency of consumption of fast food, inactive outdoor games, and poor nutritional knowledge were significantly associated with overweight and obesity. Therefore, there is a pressing need for cost-effective school-based strategies and appropriate policy changes in developing countries like India to stem the rising tide of overweight and obesity among adolescents.","PeriodicalId":13457,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research (KLEU)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75912857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post chemotherapy diagnostic dilemma: A case report","authors":"P. Goel, A. Singhai, S. Babu, A. Goel","doi":"10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_497_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_497_22","url":null,"abstract":"Diagnostic evaluation of tumors in their posttherapeutic stage requires a meticulous approach for correct diagnosis as chemotherapy or radiotherapy often alters the tumor characteristics that vary significantly from their pretherapeutic phase. Here, we report a case of chemotherapy-received retroperitoneal lymph node deposits of metastatic testicular embryonal carcinoma that failed to express immunohistochemistry (IHC) markers employed to make diagnosis in the pretherapeutic phase. The dilemma of overdiagnosis so created was resolved by the use of added markers that probably could sustain the slaught of chemotherapy. Therefore, a judicious and diligent understanding of the use and action of IHC markers is utmost necessary to prevent such dilemmas.","PeriodicalId":13457,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research (KLEU)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77294814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preventing childhood obesity by discouraging digital marketing of food","authors":"S. Shrivastava, P. Shrivastava","doi":"10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_156_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_156_23","url":null,"abstract":"The global trends reveal that the currently available estimates of obesity have become almost three times when compared with the estimates in the year 1975. Even children have not been spared of this threat and close to 39 million children in the under-5 age group were overweight or obese. Even though a wide range of factors determines the prevalence of childhood overweight or obesity in a region, the findings of a recently released report from the European region have emphasized the digital marketing of foods rich in fats, salt, and sugars to children. There is no doubt that the food marketing industry has played a defining role in aggravating the problem by ensuring the promotion of obesogenic food items in such a way that they are cheaper, more visible, and easily available in contrast to healthy foods. To conclude, among the lack of appropriate regulations to control digital marketing, the epidemic of childhood obesity is going to increase further. It is the need of the hour to understand the importance of the issue and bridge the existing gaps to minimize the burden of childhood obesity.","PeriodicalId":13457,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research (KLEU)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75452394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of surface roughness of herbal denture cleansing tablet containing essential oils of tulsi and lemongrass, 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate, and commercially available denture cleansing tablet on heat cure polymethyl methacrylate denture base resin: An in vitro study","authors":"H. Manaktala, Raghunath Patil","doi":"10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_53_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_53_22","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Poor denture hygiene is a risk factor for oral infections and systemic dissemination. Denture cleanliness is essential to prevent malodor, poor esthetics, and the accumulation of plaque/calculus with its deleterious effect on the mucosa. Denture base resins become colonized by several microbial species in the oral cavity. There are number of tablets, pastes, and powders available for cleaning dentures with a variety of manufacturer's claims for their relative efficacies. The increase in the use of denture cleaners can lead to more wear of the heat cure polymethyl surface leading to surface roughness. The increase in the surface roughness of the heat cure polymethyl methacrylate can lead to increase in denture biofilm. Candida species yeasts are the most common species associated with denture biofilm. AIM: To evaluate and compare the surface roughness of herbal denture cleansing tablet, commercially available denture cleansing tablet and 0.12% chorhexidine digluconate on heat cure polymethyl methacrylate denture base resin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 84 acrylic blocks were fabricated of heat cure polymethyl methacrylate resin and were divided into four groups of 21 samples each, which were disinfected using Phytopharmaceutical denture cleansing tablet containing Tulsi and Lemongrass, fittydent denture cleansing tablets, chlorhexidine, and water which acted as control. Surface roughness evaluation was done before and after disinfection of the heat cure polymethyl methacrylate blocks. RESULTS: The results showed that highest surface roughness was seen with fittydent commercially available denture cleansing tablet followed by chlorhexidine group and least surface roughness was seen with phytopharmaceutical denture cleansing tablet. CONCLUSION: Phytopharmaceutical denture cleansing agent containing tulsi and lemongrass can be recommended as a denture cleansing agent for complete dentures over chlorhexidine and commercially available denture cleansing tablets.","PeriodicalId":13457,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research (KLEU)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83330179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of vitiligo on hearing – A clinical scenario","authors":"K. Neema, B. Belaldavar, Bhavana Doshi, P. Patil, Shilpa Mallapur","doi":"10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_21_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_21_23","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Melanocytes present in epidermis, mucous membranes, and other tissues are reduced in vitiligo, which is a chronic multifactorial illness with a complex pathophysiology. The first person to mention the existence of pigment cells in the cochlea in the inner ear was Alphonse Corti in 1831. Melanocytes are particularly prevalent in places with apparent significant secretory or metabolic function, such as Reissner's membrane, the vascular stria, and other highly vascularized areas. Only a few studies have examined the assessment of hearing in vitiligo patients, and a number of anomalies have been noted. In this regard, the goal of the current study is to use pure tone audiometry (PTA) to further demonstrate the auditory involvement in vitiligo patients. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study is to assess the prevalence of auditory involvement in patients with vitiligo. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: It was a one-year observational study. The study included a total of 71 vitiligo patients between the age group of 18–60 years. Each patient underwent PTA, ENT examination, and dermatological evaluation. RESULTS: The mean age of the subjects in this study was 34 years, with a male predominance. When the correlation between hearing loss and vitiligo was evaluated and the left and right ears were compared, there was statistically no significant hearing loss in either ear. A mean value was calculated after taking into account the duration of vitiligo and the Vitiligo Area Scoring Index with that of hearing loss individually; however, it revealed no association between the two. CONCLUSION: Based on the study results, we can conclude that there is a need for ongoing assessment of hearing status in patients with vitiligo.","PeriodicalId":13457,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research (KLEU)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78310184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meta-analysis of interrelation between cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (+49A>G) polymorphism and recurrent spontaneous abortion","authors":"A. Chowdhury, R. Das, M. Lama","doi":"10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_592_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_592_22","url":null,"abstract":"The most frequent consequence of pregnancy is a miscarriage, which occurs when a pregnancy terminates before the fetus achieves viability. Fifteen percent of clinically confirmed pregnancies result in miscarriage, and overall reproductive losses are closer to 50%. The prevalence of RSA ranges from 1% to 5% of all couples attempting to conceive. Approximately, half of all recurrent miscarriages (RMs) are unexplained. The objective of this study was to explore the plausible association of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) +49A>G polymorphism and recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) susceptibility. We conducted a comprehensive search in various databases for research articles published in relation to the correlation between RSA and the CTLA-4 +49A>G polymorphism. After the initial screening of research articles, 12 studies with 3033 cases and 3273 controls were analyzed in this meta-analysis. To perform this study, we followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The strength of the correlation between the CTLA-4 +49A>G polymorphism and RSA susceptibility was evaluated by using 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and a pooled odds ratio (OR). Begger's and Egger's tests were performed to determine the publication bias. A significant association between RSA susceptibility and the CTLA-4 +49A>G polymorphism was observed in Asians in dominant (OR = 1.426, 95% CI = 1.100–1.849, P = 0.007) and additive (AG vs. AA – OR = 1.192, 95% CI = 1.019–1.393, P = 0.028) models for both fixed- and random-effects models. The findings of this meta-analysis suggest a significant association between CTLA-4 + 49A/G polymorphism and susceptibility to RSA in Asian populations in dominant and additive models.","PeriodicalId":13457,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research (KLEU)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85763277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytohistological correlation of thyroid fine-needle aspiration cytology with emphasis on discordant cases: A tertiary care center study","authors":"G. Neethu, C. Preethi, B. Nikethan, Arijita Banik","doi":"10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_488_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_488_22","url":null,"abstract":"CONTEXT: Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is a reliable, most noninvasive, cheap, and efficient procedure to differentiate between benign and malignant thyroid nodules.[1] The six proposed Bethesda categories are known to reduce the “gray zone” in thyroid FNA that can be due to the nature of the aspirates and the level of experience of cytopathologists.[2] AIM: This study was aimed at finding the causes for cytohistological discordance, thereby minimizing the false-positive (FP) and false-negative (FN) results. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This was a retrospective study of FNA cytology of thyroid nodules with histopathological findings on subsequent surgical resection and their correlation with emphasis on discordant cases. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 568 patients with thyroid swelling were aspirated during the 3-year study. Histopathological diagnoses were available in 288 cases, out of which 32 cases were discordant. Cases showing cytohistological disparity were re-evaluated. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: The statistical analysis method used was the Chi-square test. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, FP, FN, accuracy, and discrepancy rates were measured. RESULTS: Cytohistological concordance was achieved in 88.9% of the cases. Of the discordant cases, FN cases accounted for 9.4% and FP for 1.7%. CONCLUSIONS: Proper representative sampling, if needed to be guided by imaging modalities and meticulous examination of all the smears are the key points in reducing the number of discrepant cases.","PeriodicalId":13457,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research (KLEU)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82275497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}