Ruru Wang;Xu Liu;Xin Wang;Xiaoqing Zhou;Jingna Jin;He Wang;Zhipeng Liu;Ren Ma;Tao Yin
{"title":"Low-Frequency Amplitude-Modulated Ultrasound Stimulation Drives Hippocampal Oscillations and Enhances Memory in Mice","authors":"Ruru Wang;Xu Liu;Xin Wang;Xiaoqing Zhou;Jingna Jin;He Wang;Zhipeng Liu;Ren Ma;Tao Yin","doi":"10.1109/TNSRE.2026.3664390","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNSRE.2026.3664390","url":null,"abstract":"Although transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) can noninvasively target the hippocampal oscillatory network, which serves as a critical interface between cellular functions and cognition, its modulatory efficiency is constrained by the low-pass filtering properties of neuronal membranes. To overcome this limitation, we developed a low-frequency amplitude-modulated (AM) TUS paradigm to enhance neuromodulatory efficiency by improving resonance within the hippocampal oscillatory network. We applied 5, 40, and 80 Hz sinusoidal AM-TUS and 5 Hz pulsed AM-TUS to the mouse hippocampus, and analyzed local field potentials before and after stimulation. Results showed that 5 Hz sinusoidal AM-TUS significantly enhanced the phase locked value (PLV) (increment: <inline-formula> <tex-math>$0.054pm 0.017$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and coherence (increment: <inline-formula> <tex-math>$0.040pm 0.016$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) in the theta band, and the phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) in theta-low gamma (increment, <inline-formula> <tex-math>$1.521pm 0.249$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and theta-high gamma (increment, <inline-formula> <tex-math>$0.821pm 0.299$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) bands. In contrast, the 5 Hz pulsed AM-TUS showed negligible effects. While the 40 Hz sinusoidal AM-TUS enhanced PLV and coherence in the theta band and PAC in theta-low gamma bands, the 80 Hz sinusoidal AM-TUS only enhanced PLV in the theta band. Thus, the 5 Hz sinusoidal AM-TUS demonstrated superior neuromodulatory efficiency over all other paradigms. The outstanding modulatory efficiency of 5 Hz sinusoidal AM-TUS on the oscillatory network was further confirmed in the 14-day TUS, demonstrating enhancements in spatial learning and memory. The 5 Hz sinusoidal AM-TUS presents a novel and efficient approach to precisely modulating hippocampal oscillatory network through entrainment.","PeriodicalId":13419,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering","volume":"34 ","pages":"1164-1175"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11396382","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146194500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ji Huang;Xiaohui Wang;Jia Jiang;Fengtao Liu;Mindi Yang;Shaobai Wang;Xin Ma;Wen-Ming Chen
{"title":"A Wearable “Lab-in-Shoe” Gait Analysis System for Routine Clinical Assessment of People With Parkinson’s Disease","authors":"Ji Huang;Xiaohui Wang;Jia Jiang;Fengtao Liu;Mindi Yang;Shaobai Wang;Xin Ma;Wen-Ming Chen","doi":"10.1109/TNSRE.2026.3664483","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNSRE.2026.3664483","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate and objective gait assessment is essential for managing Parkinson’s disease (PD), yet conventional clinical evaluations rely heavily on clinical rating scales with bulky and costly laboratory-based gait analysis. This study presents a wearable Lab-in-Shoe system that integrates inertial measurement units (IMUs) and pressure sensors embedded within footwear for routine clinical gait analysis. The system segments gait cycles using plantar pressure data and applies Zero Velocity Update (ZUPT) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) algorithms to mitigate IMU drift and reconstruct spatiotemporal gait trajectories. Validation experiments with healthy participants showed strong agreement with an optical motion capture system in stride length (ICC = 0.970, MAE = 0.04 m) and swing phase duration (ICC = 0.934, MAE = 0.02 s). Clinical assessment with PD patients revealed stage-dependent gait impairments and significant correlations between gait parameters and disease severity scores. A multiple linear regression model predicted MDS-UPDRS III scores with high accuracy (R<inline-formula> <tex-math>${}^{{2}} =0.87$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, RMSE = 6.75), indicating gait features quantitatively reflects motor symptom severity. Importantly, this study is the first to analyze plantar center of pressure (CoP) trajectories in PD using a wearable system, identifying progressive alterations in CoP patterns across Hoehn and Yahr stages, including signs of freezing of gait and a conservative gait balance strategy. These findings highlight the clinical potential of Lab-in-Shoe as a portable tool for continuous gait monitoring, enabling quantitative assessment of motor function, disease progression tracking, and therapeutic evaluation in PD patients.","PeriodicalId":13419,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering","volume":"34 ","pages":"1261-1271"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11396371","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146194233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Progressive Tactile Perception and Peripheral Hemodynamic Responses Induced by LIFUS on Fingertip","authors":"Liuni Qin;Yinshen Huang;Jin Xie;Lili Niu;Laixin Huang;Fei Li;Shichun Bao;Guanglin Li;Yanjuan Geng","doi":"10.1109/TNSRE.2026.3664418","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNSRE.2026.3664418","url":null,"abstract":"Peripherally applied low-intensity focused ultrasound stimulation (LIFUS) has emerged as a new modality of tactile restoration recently. If repetitive LIFUS would cause perceptual adaptation, like transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) does, has been rarely investigated. To address this issue, 14 healthy volunteers received LIFUS-based fine tactile stimulation on their right index fingertip in this work. To evaluate their perceptual stability, both subjective perceptual ratings and peripheral local hemodynamic responses were deployed. The sensory-level TENS was also included for comparison. Our results showed that the LIFUS brought better perceptual acuity and perceptual stability than TENS in terms of subjective perception and judgement. Moreover, the LIFUS induced an increase of local blood perfusion volume (BPV) since stimulation onset, while the TENS caused a decrease of BPV, both followed by a slow rebound to the baseline. Notably, repetitive LIFUS didn’t cause obvious progressive decrease of BPV responses with increasing dose, i.e., temporal accumulation, whereas TENS did. These findings would facilitate the development of non-invasive sensory feedback technique in multiple human-machine interaction scenarios, and shed valuable insights on neuromodulation mechanisms of peripherally applied LIFUS.","PeriodicalId":13419,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering","volume":"34 ","pages":"1305-1317"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11396370","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146194440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Advanced Assessment of Stroke in Retinal Fundus Imaging With Deep Multi-View Learning","authors":"Aysen Degerli;Mika Hilvo;Juha Pajula;Petri Huhtinen;Pekka Jäkälä","doi":"10.1109/TNSRE.2026.3664786","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNSRE.2026.3664786","url":null,"abstract":"Stroke is globally a major cause of mortality and morbidity, and hence, accurate risk assessment and diagnosis of stroke are valuable. Retinal fundus imaging reveals the known markers of elevated stroke risk in the eyes, which are retinal venular widening, arteriolar narrowing, and increased tortuosity. In contrast to other imaging techniques used for stroke assessment, the acquisition of fundus images is easy, non-invasive, fast, and inexpensive. This paper examines the feasibility of utilizing retinal fundus imaging to differentiate individuals with stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA), aiming to assess its potential for screening or diagnostic applications. Therefore, in this study, we propose a multi-view stroke network (MVS-Net) to detect stroke and TIA using retinal fundus images. Contrary to existing studies, our study proposes for the first time a solution to discriminate stroke and TIA with deep multi-view learning by proposing an end-to-end deep network, consisting of multi-view inputs of fundus images captured from both right and left eyes. Accordingly, the proposed MVS-Net defines representative features from fundus images of both eyes and determines the relation within their macula-centered and optic nerve head-centered views. Experiments performed on a dataset collected from stroke and TIA patients, in addition to healthy controls, show that the proposed framework achieves an AUC score of 0.84 for stroke and TIA detection.","PeriodicalId":13419,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering","volume":"34 ","pages":"1107-1118"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11396365","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146194248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mahshad Berjis;Marie-Eve LeBel;Daniel J. Lizotte;Ana Luisa Trejos
{"title":"Evaluation of s-EMG Sensor Locations for Upper-Limb Compensatory Movement Detection","authors":"Mahshad Berjis;Marie-Eve LeBel;Daniel J. Lizotte;Ana Luisa Trejos","doi":"10.1109/TNSRE.2026.3663991","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNSRE.2026.3663991","url":null,"abstract":"Musculoskeletal rehabilitation is crucial for restoring upper limb function after elbow trauma or stroke. In unsupervised rehabilitation, patients may develop compensatory movements that hinder recovery. While wearable devices for home rehabilitation are a promising supplement to clinical therapy, they may overlook movement quality. Detecting compensatory motions in wearable systems is challenging, as placing sensors on all involved muscles reduces wearability, increases computational and power demands, and complicates sensor management. The objective of this study was to identify optimal locations for surface electromyography sensors for detecting compensatory movements. Data were collected from 40 healthy individuals performing various uniplanar and multiplanar tasks under conditions simulating both healthy and impaired movements. Sensor combinations that showed significant differences between healthy and compensatory patterns were identified through statistical analysis and feature importance techniques. The classification performance of these sensor combinations was then evaluated. Results indicate that 11 sensors placed on the upper trapezius, deltoids, biceps, triceps, latissimus dorsi, erector spinae, rectus abdominis, and external oblique muscles were key for accurate detection (accuracy = 81.43%, F1 score = 0.8549). Additionally, the number of sensors can be reduced to seven without compromising accuracy and F1 score, though performance for some tasks may drop. These findings can improve the design of wearable devices to detect and reduce compensatory movements in patients recovering from upper limb injuries.","PeriodicalId":13419,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering","volume":"34 ","pages":"1083-1094"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11395350","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146179433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synchronous Integrated Detection System for Animal Gait and Cortical Functional Network Connectivity","authors":"Shaopo Wan;Qianqian Wang;Wei Han;Dongyang Huang;Jiaqing Yan;Hui Ji;Yanpeng Ning;Yi Yuan","doi":"10.1109/TNSRE.2026.3664296","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNSRE.2026.3664296","url":null,"abstract":"Deciphering the spatiotemporal patterns of gait behavior and synchronized cortical functional networks is highly significant in neuroscience research. However, current small-animal gait analyzers cannot synchronize gait and cortical functional network connectivity (CFNC), thus limiting our understanding of CFNC dynamics under different gaits. To address this issue, we developed a small-animal gait analyzer that can synchronize gait with whole-brain local field potentials in real time. Using this device, we precisely analyzed the real-time dynamic changes in the CFNC during fine gait movements and mapped the dynamic remodeling of the CFNC during the gait cycle in real time in mouse models of neuropathic pain and ischemic stroke, directly correlating phase-specific network reorganization with motor deficits. Our results demonstrate that the device can monitor the CFNC in real time across different gaits and reveal the specificity of cortical functional networks underlying some motor dysfunctions. This device has the potential to be used to dissect neural representations of motor control and assess treatment efficacy.","PeriodicalId":13419,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering","volume":"34 ","pages":"1155-1163"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11395361","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146179505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Kinematic Coordination and Muscle Synergy Patterns of Grasping During Lower-Limb Locomotion","authors":"Linxi He;Rongli Wang;Yan Huang","doi":"10.1109/TNSRE.2026.3663964","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNSRE.2026.3663964","url":null,"abstract":"Human motor behaviors typically require coordination between lower-limb rhythmic tasks and upper-limb voluntary tasks. This study investigates the synergy strategies of human motion at the joint and muscle levels to explore the control mechanisms of cooperative tasks, such as grasping during walking or running. We designed novel motor experiments and analyzed kinematic characteristics, ipsilateral joint angles and EMG signals. Using principal component analysis on joint angle trajectories and non-negative matrix factorization on 16-muscle activities, we extracted kinematic primitives and muscle synergies to reveal underlying synergy mechanisms. The results demonstrate that the kinematic and muscle synergy mechanisms of cooperative tasks exhibit significant grasp-position dependence, and strong correlations exist between weight coefficients and specific kinematic characteristics. Additionally, cooperative tasks can be explained by integrating pre-existing muscle synergy patterns derived from lower-limb rhythmic and upper-limb voluntary tasks. The activation components of lower-limb locomotion are almost preserved, whereas those of grasping tasks are partially obliterated in some cases. These findings indicate that cooperative tasks induce functional coupling between lower-limb and upper-limb movements at both joint and muscle levels, exhibiting significantly stronger inter-limb coordination than individual voluntary tasks. This work introduces novel experimental paradigms to systematically study inter-limb coordination strategies, providing valuable insights into human motion control mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":13419,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering","volume":"34 ","pages":"1072-1082"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11393613","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146165296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shane A. Bender;David B. Green;Varun S. Thakkar;Hope L. Zimmerman;Mohamed Elazab;Kevin L. Kilgore;Tina L. Vrabec
{"title":"Single-Electrode, Bidirectional Control of Heart Rate via Vagus Nerve Modulation in Rat Model","authors":"Shane A. Bender;David B. Green;Varun S. Thakkar;Hope L. Zimmerman;Mohamed Elazab;Kevin L. Kilgore;Tina L. Vrabec","doi":"10.1109/TNSRE.2026.3663907","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNSRE.2026.3663907","url":null,"abstract":"Electrical stimulation of somatic nerves has long been used as a treatment method for a wide range of diseases by increasing activity on a target nerve. Electrical nerve block is an emerging therapy that can provide the same targeted treatment by decreasing activity on the nerve. Here, we demonstrate that both of these techniques can be applied synergistically via a single electrode to achieve precise control of an autonomic system. Two electrodes were placed on the right-side rat vagus nerve. The vagus proximal to the electrodes was crushed, and the left side was cut to isolate the system. The proximal electrode was used to give a perturbing stimulus ramp (0 Hz <inline-formula> <tex-math>$to ~30$ </tex-math></inline-formula> Hz <inline-formula> <tex-math>$to ~0$ </tex-math></inline-formula> Hz) over 10 minutes to roughly mimic the vagal activity seen in an episode of vasovagal syncope. The distal electrode was used to apply either stimulation or kilohertz-frequency electrical nerve block (KHFAC) to the vagus to keep the heart rate at a specified setpoint. The stimulation parameters were decided by a closed-loop fuzzy logic controller. Three different gains for the controller were tried. While each gain showed success in controlling the heart rate, lower gain was sometimes not responsive enough for effective control, and high gain was seen to induce oscillations in the heart rate; a medium gain was seen to be effective without either of these issues. This demonstrates that a single electrode can deliver bimodal neuromodulation of a single nerve, providing a powerful treatment tool against autonomic dysregulation.","PeriodicalId":13419,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering","volume":"34 ","pages":"1144-1154"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11393464","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146165277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Corrections to “Development of an Adaptive Serious Game System for Facial Paralysis Rehabilitation: A Facial Movement Recognition Pilot Study”","authors":"Mengchen Zhang;Yiran Sun;Xing Sun","doi":"10.1109/TNSRE.2026.3655525","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNSRE.2026.3655525","url":null,"abstract":"Presents corrections to the paper, Corrections to “Development of an Adaptive Serious Game System for Facial Paralysis Rehabilitation: A Facial Movement Recognition Pilot Study”.","PeriodicalId":13419,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering","volume":"34 ","pages":"930-930"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11390731","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146157003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Giacinto L. Cerone;Taian Vieira;Marco Gazzoni;Alberto Botter
{"title":"ReGrid: A Highly Conformable and Ultrasound Transparent Patch for HD-sEMG Detection","authors":"Giacinto L. Cerone;Taian Vieira;Marco Gazzoni;Alberto Botter","doi":"10.1109/TNSRE.2026.3663330","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNSRE.2026.3663330","url":null,"abstract":"This study describes a novel high-density EMG dry electrode grid (ReGrid) based on a thin-film patch highly conformable to the skin and fully ultrasound-transparent. ReGrid consists of a <inline-formula> <tex-math>$15~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>m-thick polyurethane membrane housing silver electrodes and traces inkjet-printed on the skin-facing side. A waterproof medical-grade adhesive layer protects the outer surface, while a flexible PCB connector ensures the connection with the acquisition system. Bench tests were conducted to assess mechanical conformability and US transparency. Results showed that ReGrid conformed to curved surfaces, other than allowing for B-mode US imaging without artifacts: both the support and the electrodes resulted transparent to ultrasound. In-vivo tests on the tibialis anterior muscle confirmed low and stable electrode-skin impedance and noise levels comparable to conventional gel-based electrodes. HD-sEMG signals were recorded during isometric contractions at two force levels (10% and 20% MVC), with and without a US probe placed directly over the electrodes. Conduction velocity estimates and HD-sEMG decomposition outcomes were not significantly affected by the US probe, nor was the level of power-line interference. Thanks to its conformability, ultrasound transparency, and high signal quality, ReGrid enables combined HD-sEMG and ultrasound acquisitions from the same muscle region, supporting novel applications such as 3-D and panoramic ultrasound imaging integrated with HD-sEMG.","PeriodicalId":13419,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering","volume":"34 ","pages":"1048-1059"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11390679","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146157091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}