IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Optimization of Exoskeleton Trajectory Toward Minimizing Human Joint Torques","authors":"Tianyi Sun;Zhenlei Chen;Qing Guo;Yao Yan","doi":"10.1109/TNSRE.2025.3553861","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNSRE.2025.3553861","url":null,"abstract":"The reference trajectory, serving as the sole kinematic guidance, is crucial for exoskeleton robot systems. This study introduces a method for generating an optimal trajectory for lower-limb exoskeletons, aiming at reducing human power during walking. Initially, the human joint angles were computed from measured data by a neighborhood field optimization (NFO). Subsequently, inverse dynamic analysis including seven-link dynamic model of human-exoskeleton coupling and corresponding ground reaction forces optimization were constructed, which was surrogated by a back propagation neural network (BPNN) to accelerate successive analyses. The exoskeleton trajectory, generated by perturbing human movement described by Fourier series, was optimized using a NFO algorithm with a revised initial generation strategy and boundary update function to minimize human joint torques. This approach was found to provide more accurate predictions of human trajectory and ground reaction forces compared to traditional methods, achieving a root mean square error (RMSE) within 5 mm and 3 kN respectively, making it suitable for computational applications. The generated trajectory preserves individual walking patterns and anticipates human motion with a mean leading value of 4.6%, effectively reducing joint torque across various gait phases. This research contributes significantly to the analysis of human-exoskeleton interactions and offers valuable insights for designing energy-efficient exoskeletons.","PeriodicalId":13419,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering","volume":"33 ","pages":"1231-1241"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10937894","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143700374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Deep-Learning Empowered, Real-Time Processing Platform of fNIRS/DOT for Brain Computer Interfaces and Neurofeedback","authors":"Yunjia Xia;Jianan Chen;Jinchen Li;Tingchen Gong;Ernesto E. Vidal-Rosas;Rui Loureiro;Robert J. Cooper;Hubin Zhao","doi":"10.1109/TNSRE.2025.3553794","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNSRE.2025.3553794","url":null,"abstract":"Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI) and Neurofeedback (NFB) approaches, which both rely on real-time monitoring of brain activity, are increasingly being applied in rehabilitation, assistive technology, neurological diseases and behavioral disorders. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and diffuse optical tomography (DOT) are promising techniques for these applications due to their non-invasiveness, portability, low cost, and relatively high spatial resolution. However, real-time processing of fNIRS/DOT data remains a significant challenge as it requires establishing a baseline of the measurement, simultaneously performing real-time motion artifact (MA) correction across all channels, and (in the case of DOT) addressing the time-consuming process of image reconstruction. This study proposes a real-time processing system for fNIRS/DOT that integrates baseline calibration, denoising autoencoder (DAE) based MA correction model with a sliding window strategy, and a pre-calculated inverse Jacobian matrix to streamline the reconstructed 3D brain hemodynamics. The DAE model was trained on an extensive whole-head high-density DOT (HD-DOT) dataset and tested on separate motor imagery dataset augmented with artificial MA. The system demonstrated the capability to simultaneously process approximately 750 channels in real-time. Our results show that the DAE-based MA correction method outperformed traditional MA correction in terms of mean squared error and correlation to the known MA-free data while maintaining low latency, which is critical for effective BCI and NFB applications. The system’s high-channel, real-time processing capability provides channel-wise oxygenation information and functional 3D imaging, making it well-suited for fNIRS/DOT applications in BCI and NFB, particularly in movement-intensive scenarios such as motor rehabilitation and assistive technology for mobility support.","PeriodicalId":13419,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering","volume":"33 ","pages":"1220-1230"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10937099","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143673840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Generation Rate of Speech Imagery on Neural Activity and BCI Decoding Performance: A fNIRS Study","authors":"Zengzhi Guo;Lisheng Xu;Wenjun Tan;Fei Chen","doi":"10.1109/TNSRE.2025.3552606","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNSRE.2025.3552606","url":null,"abstract":"Brain-computer interface (BCI) enables stroke patients to actively modulate neural activity, fostering neuroplasticity and thereby accelerating the recovery process. Due to being portable, non-invasive, and safe, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has become one of the most widely used neuroimaging techniques. Current BCI research primarily focuses on improving the decoding performance. However, a key aspect of stroke rehabilitation lies in inducing stronger cortical activations in the damaged brain areas, thereby accelerating the recovery of brain functions. This study investigated the regulatory mechanism of the generation rate of speech imagery on neural activity and its impact on BCI decoding performance based on fNIRS. As the generation rate increased from 1 word/4 s to 1 word/2 s, and finally to 1 word/1 s, neural activity in speech-related brain regions steadily enhanced. Correspondingly, the accuracy of detecting speech imagery tasks increased from 83.83% to 85.39%, and ultimately showed a significant improvement, reaching 88.28%. Additionally, the differences in neural activities between the “yes” and “no” speech imagery tasks became more pronounced as the generation rate increased, leading to an improvement in classification performance from 62.81% to 65.78%, and ultimately to 67.50%. This study demonstrates that the neural activity level of most speech-related brain regions during speech imagery enhanced as the generation rate increased. Therefore, accelerating the generation rate of speech imagery induces stronger neural activity and more distinct response patterns between different tasks, which holds the potential to facilitate the development of a BCI feedback system with higher neuroplasticity induction and improved decoding performance.","PeriodicalId":13419,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering","volume":"33 ","pages":"1180-1190"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10931033","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143657155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leveraging Extended Windows in End-to-End Deep Learning for Improved Continuous Myoelectric Locomotion Prediction","authors":"Yuzhou Lin;Yuyang Zhang;Wenjuan Zhong;Wenxuan Xiong;Zhen Xi;Yi-Feng Chen;Mingming Zhang","doi":"10.1109/TNSRE.2025.3552530","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNSRE.2025.3552530","url":null,"abstract":"Current surface electromyography (sEMG) methods for locomotion mode prediction face limitations in anticipatory capability due to computation delays and constrained window lengths typically below 500 ms—a practice historically tied to stationarity requirements of handcrafted feature extraction. This study investigates whether end-to-end convolutional neural networks (CNNs) processing raw sEMG signals can overcome these constraints through extended window lengths (250 ms to 1500 ms). We systematically evaluate six window lengths paired with three prediction horizons (model forecasts 50 ms to 150 ms ahead) in a continuous locomotion task involving eight modes and 16 transitions. The optimal configuration (1000 ms window with 150 ms horizon) achieved subject-average accuracies of 96.93% (steady states) and 97.50% (transient states), maintaining 95.03% and 85.53% respectively in real-time simulations. With a net averaged anticipation time of 147.9 ms after 2.1 ms computation latency, this approach demonstrates that windows covering 74% of the gait cycle can synergize with deep learning to balance the inherent trade-off between extracting richer information and maintaining system responsiveness to changes in activity.","PeriodicalId":13419,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering","volume":"33 ","pages":"1170-1179"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10931022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143657157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Neuroplasticity for Post-Stroke Motor Recovery: Mechanisms, Models, and Neurotechnology","authors":"Wangwang Yan;Yuzhou Lin;Yi-Feng Chen;Yuling Wang;Jingxin Wang;Mingming Zhang","doi":"10.1109/TNSRE.2025.3551753","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNSRE.2025.3551753","url":null,"abstract":"Stroke remains a significant global health challenge, imposing substantial socioeconomic burdens. Post-stroke neurorehabilitation aims to maximize functional recovery and mitigate persistent disability through effective neuromodulation, while many patients experience prolonged recovery periods with suboptimal outcomes. This review explores innovative neurotechnologies and therapeutic strategies enhancing neuroplasticity for post-stroke motor recovery, with a particular focus on the subacute and chronic phases. We examine key neuroplasticity mechanisms and rehabilitation models informing neurotechnology use, including the vicariation model, the interhemispheric competition model, and the bimodal balance-recovery model. Building on these theoretical foundations, current neurotechnologies are categorized into endogenous drivers of neuroplasticity (e.g., task-oriented training, brain-computer interfaces) and exogenous drivers (e.g., brain stimulation, muscular electrical stimulation, robot-assisted passive movement). However, most approaches lack tailored adjustments combining volitional behavior with brain neuromodulation. Given the heterogeneous effects of current neurotechnologies, we propose that future directions should focus on personalized rehabilitation strategies and closed-loop neuromodulation. These advanced approaches may provide deeper insights into neuroplasticity and potentially expand recovery possibilities for stroke patients.","PeriodicalId":13419,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering","volume":"33 ","pages":"1156-1168"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10929703","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143657125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoding intrinsic fluctuations of engagement from EEG signals during fingertip motor tasks.","authors":"Bohao Tian, Shijun Zhang, Dinghao Xue, Sirui Chen, Yuru Zhang, Kaiping Peng, Dangxiao Wang","doi":"10.1109/TNSRE.2025.3551819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TNSRE.2025.3551819","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Maintaining a high mental engagement is critical for motor rehabilitation interventions. Achieving a flow experience, often conceptualized as a highly engaged mental state, is an ideal goal for motor rehabilitation tasks. This paper proposes a virtual reality-based fine fingertip motor task in which the difficulty is maintained to match individual abilities. The aim of this study is to decode the intrinsic fluctuations of flow experience from electroencephalogram (EEG) signals during the execution of a motor task, addressing a gap in flow research that overlooks these fluctuations. To resolve the conflict between sparse self-reported flow sampling and the high dimensionality of neural signals, we use motor behavioral measures to represent flow and label the EEG data, thereby increasing the number of samples. A machine learning-based neural decoder is then established to classify each trial into high-flow or low-flow using spectral power and coherence features extracted from the EEG signals. Cross-validation reveals that the classification accuracy of the neural decoder can exceed 80%. Notably, we highlight the contributions of high-frequency bands in EEG activities to flow decoding. Additionally, EEG feature analyses reveal significant increases in the power of parietal-occipital electrodes and global coherence values, specifically in the alpha and beta bands, during high-flow durations. This study validates the feasibility of decoding the intrinsic flow fluctuations during fine motor task execution with a high accuracy. The methodology and findings in this work lay a foundation for future applications in manipulating flow experience and enhancing engagement levels in motor rehabilitation practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":13419,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering","volume":"PP ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143648419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Koopman-Based Model Predictive Control of Functional Electrical Stimulation for Ankle Dorsiflexion and Plantarflexion Assistance.","authors":"Mayank Singh, Noor Hakam, Trisha M Kesar, Nitin Sharma","doi":"10.1109/TNSRE.2025.3551933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TNSRE.2025.3551933","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) can be an effective tool to augment paretic muscle function and restore normal ankle function. Our approach incorporates a real-time, data-driven Model Predictive Control (MPC) scheme built upon a Koopman operator theory (KOT) framework. This framework adeptly captures the complex nonlinear dynamics of ankle motion in a linearized form, enabling the application of linear control approaches for highly nonlinear FES-actuated dynamics. Our method accurately predicts the FES-induced ankle movements, accounting for nonlinear muscle actuation dynamics, including the muscle activation for both plantarflexors and dorsiflexors (Tibialis Anterior (TA)). The linear prediction model derived through KOT allowed the formulation of the MPC problem with linear state space dynamics, enhancing the FES-driven controls real-time feasibility, precision, and adaptability. We demonstrate the effectiveness and applicability of our approach through comprehensive simulations and experimental trials, including three participants with no disability and a participant with Multiple Sclerosis. Our findings highlight the potential of a KOT-based MPC approach for FES-based gait assistance that offers effective and personalized assistance for individuals with gait impairment conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":13419,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering","volume":"PP ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143648432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous Mental Fatigue and Mental Workload Assessment With Wearable High-Density Diffuse Optical Tomography","authors":"Jianan Chen;Huixin Yang;Yunjia Xia;Tingchen Gong;Alexander Thomas;Jia Liu;Wei Chen;Tom Carlson;Hubin Zhao","doi":"10.1109/TNSRE.2025.3551676","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNSRE.2025.3551676","url":null,"abstract":"Accurately assessing mental states—such as mental workload and fatigue— is crucial for ensuring the reliability and effectiveness of brain-computer interface (BCI)-based applications. Relying on signals from a limited brain region with low spatial resolution may fail to capture the full scope of relevant information. To address this, high-density diffuse optical tomography (HD-DOT), an emerging form of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was employed in this study, which provides higher spatial resolution for hemodynamic measurements and enables the reconstruction of 3D brain images. An experiment protocol was designed to investigate both mental workload and fatigue, two critical components of cognitive state that often fluctuate concurrently in real-world scenarios. Machine learning methods were applied for subject-specific classification, achieving 95.14% mean accuracy for fatigue/non-fatigue and 97.93% for four n-back tasks using Random Forest, outperforming Support Vector Machines. These results highlight the transformative potential of HD-DOT in advancing multifaceted cognitive state assessment, paving the way for more precise, adaptable, and powerful BCI applications.","PeriodicalId":13419,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering","volume":"33 ","pages":"1242-1251"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10926712","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Density Surface EMG Decomposition: Achievements, Challenges, and Concerns","authors":"Maoqi Chen;Ping Zhou","doi":"10.1109/TNSRE.2025.3551630","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNSRE.2025.3551630","url":null,"abstract":"High-density surface electromyography (EMG) decomposition provides a valuable non-invasive approach to accessing key motor unit information for a range of applications. This communication summarizes significant advances in high-density surface EMG decomposition, and discusses several considerable challenges and persistent concerns in this field, particularly regarding dynamic and real-time high-density surface EMG decomposition, as well as evaluating the reliability of the decomposed motor units. As varying high-density surface EMG decomposition programs are increasingly developed, we call for open access or sharing of source code and testing data developed by different groups. We believe such efforts can greatly facilitate collaboration, clarify concerns, address challenges, and thus motivate further development and application of high-density surface EMG decomposition.","PeriodicalId":13419,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering","volume":"33 ","pages":"1212-1219"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10926713","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Spatial Division Multiple Access BCI Performance via Incorporating MEG With EEG","authors":"Dengpei Ji;Yongzhi Huang;Zhiyuan Chen;Xiaoyu Zhou;Junyang Wang;Xiaolin Xiao;Minpeng Xu;Dong Ming","doi":"10.1109/TNSRE.2025.3550653","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNSRE.2025.3550653","url":null,"abstract":"Spatial division multiple access (SDMA) is a way of encoding BCI systems based on spatial distribution of brain signal characteristics. However, SDMA-BCI based on EEG had poor system performance limited by spatial resolution. MEG-EEG fusion modality analysis can help solve this problem. According retina-cortical relationship, this study used stimulus out of the central visual field and tiny fixation points to construct a 16-command SDMA coded MEG-EEG fusion modality BCI system. We achieved this by synchronously acquiring MEG and EEG signals from 10 subjects. We compared the spatiotemporal features between MEG and EEG by analyzing signals in the occipital region. We fused MEG and EEG modalities without any signal processing and used the multi-class discriminative canonical pattern matching (Multi-DCPM) algorithm to evaluate and compare the system performance of EEG, MEG, and MEG-EEG fusion modalities. The result showed that MEG and EEG had obvious differences in spatial distribution characteristics. MEG improves offline classification accuracy of the 16 fixation points by 27.81% over EEG at 4s data length. Specially, the MEG-EEG fusion modality achieves an impressive average offline accuracy of 91.71%, which was a significant improvement over MEG (p<0.01, ANOVA). The MEG-EEG fusion modality achieved average information transfer rate (ITR) of 60.74 bits/min with a data length of 1 s, which was a 14% improvement over MEG. The MEG-EEG fusion modality significantly enhanced the spatial features and performance of SDMA-encoded BCIs. These results highlight the potential and feasibility of MEG-EEG fusion modality BCI, and provide theoretical insights and practical value for promoting the further development and application of SDMA in BCI.","PeriodicalId":13419,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering","volume":"33 ","pages":"1202-1211"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10924429","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143614815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}