Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research最新文献

{"title":"The Effect of Eco-enzymes and Husk Charcoal on the Growth of Vanilla Seeds","authors":"H. Haryuni, M.N. Wahid, S. Priyadi, A. F. Aziez, I. E. Maryanti","doi":"10.18805/ijare.af-820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.af-820","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The successful growth and development of the vanilla plant are supported by the availability of soil nutrients that are absorbed by the plant roots. Natural fertilizers derived from plant waste easily decompose in the soil so that they are more quickly absorbed by roots and stored in plant cells. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of eco-enzymes and husk charcoal on the growth of vanilla seedlings. Methods: This study was designed using a complete randomized block design. The first factor was eco-enzyme (without eco-enzyme and with eco-enzyme 15 ml/plant), namely E0 and E1, the second factor was the husk charcoal dose (0, 5, 10, 15) g/plant, P0, P1, P2, P3. Data were analyzed using ANOVA analysis of variance with Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT) with a significant difference of 5%. The results showed that the best vanilla growth was obtained by treating it with 15 ml/polybag eco-enzyme and 15 g/polybag coconut shell charcoal (E1P3). Result: The plant height reaches 79.67 cm, the number of leaves reaches 12.67 strands and the width reaches 405.42 mm. The fresh weight of the plants reached 71.33 g, the dry weight of the plants reached 28 g, the fresh weight of the roots reached 8.6 g, and the dry weight of the roots reached 1.27 g. Microscopi observation showed that eco enzymes and coconut shell charcoal infected the roots and filled the tissues, then played a role in increasing the growth of the vanilla seedlings.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13398,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":"25 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140971782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Different Spacing Level and Growth Stages of Chekkurmanis (Sauropus androgynus L.) on Plant Growth","authors":"E. Naveena, G. Janavi, D. Rameshkumar, A. F. Fathima, C.K. Nivedha","doi":"10.18805/ijare.a-6111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.a-6111","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Chekkurmanis, is a shrubby glabrous perennial green leafy vegetable, extensively grown in warm humid tropics. It is called as “Multivitamin / Multigreen” plant. Micronutrient deficiency has spread all over the world and it is termed as “Hidden Hunger”. In this regard, chekkurmanis is the chief source of many minerals and nutrients is help to eradicate these deficiencies. The yield enhancement and improvement on plant growth characters could be manipulated by adopting optimized cultural practices, especially plant spacing and stage of harvest. With the background, present study was taken up to examine the variations in morphologically; under different spacing’s in relation to different growth stages were assessed and discussed. Methods: The research study was carried during 2019-2020. The healthy rooted cuttings collected from Orchard, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai, Tamil Nadu. The research trial consisted of two factors different spacing’s (Factor I) and specific days interval (Factor II). Result: Based on the results, it can be suggested that growth characters i.e. plant height, number of branches, number of leaves per plant and petiole length parameters were significantly higher under closer spacing at 180 days after planting (S1D3). While, Maximum leaf length, leaf breadth and plant spread were recorded under wider spacing at 180 days after planting (S5D3).\u0000","PeriodicalId":13398,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140995162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Analytical Study on Growth Performance of Major Food Grain and Oilseed Crops in Context of Food Security: Rajasthan, India","authors":"Devendra Kumar Verma, Nikita Khoisnam, Guneshori Maisnam, Ranjit Subba, Sudarshan C. Awatade","doi":"10.18805/ijare.a-6149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.a-6149","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Productivity, as a source of growth has been a significant premise of analytical investigation in economics all along, however it gained an empirical momentum in the recent years only and has become a necessary index to growth. Present paper estimates growth rate of area, production and productivity of food grain and oilseed crops in Rajasthan. Methods: To analyse growth performance of food grain and oilseed crops Rajasthan time series, data on area, production and yield were collected from 1976-77 to 2018-19. The time-series data were collected on area, production and yield of selected crops from the Directorate of Economics and Statistics (DES), Directorate of Agriculture (DOA) and Rajasthan State Agriculture Department. The compound growth rates (CGRs) of area, production and productivity of selected crops in Rajasthan were calculated using the exponential function. Result: The study revealed that production, productivity and area of total food grains was recorded a positive and highly significant annual growth at the rate of 3.18%, 2.19% 0.63% per annum, respectively. The production, productivity and area of total oilseed was observed a positive and highly significant annual growth rate of 7.63%, 2.07% and 4.27% per annum, respectively. The area under barley, gram and sesamum reduced during the study period. Therefore, the technological support through the varietal improvement and extension support is required.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13398,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":"30 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141004722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Different Tillage Operations on Soil Water Storage, Water Use Efficiency and Productivity of Durum Wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) in Semi-arid Region","authors":"O.E. Elabbadi, R. Benniou, N. Louahdi, A. Guendouz","doi":"10.18805/ijare.af-843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.af-843","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The low amount of rainfall and high loss of soil water through evaporation during spring; there are the dominant factors affecting crop production in semi-arid region. Methods: A field study was conducted during two cropping seasons of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) to compare the effect three tillage operations viz., no-tillage, minimum tillage and conventional tillage. Result: There was variation in precipitation between the experimental years (dry and rainfall seasons). All the parameters registered significant differences between the cropping seasons. Soil water storage to a depth of 0.4 m was higher under no tillage (NT) and minimum tillage (MT) in the first year as compared to conventional tillage (CT) in the first year. During the second year, the soil water content was same under different tillages. The thousand-kernel weight registered significant differences among the tillage operations viz., no till (36.09-50.36 g), minimum tillage (30.93-46.81 g) and conventional tillage (28.31-45.05 g) in the two seasons, respectively. Under no till treatment water use efficiency was high from grain production. The no till also recorded high grain yield of 1.07 t/ha and 4.7 t/ha during first and second year, respectively. The lack of rain was more detrimental in conventional tillage system as compared to no till and minimum tillage.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13398,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":"76 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140675382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Molecular Markers as a Valuable Tool to Confirm the Genetic Diversity in Soybean Germplasms (Glycine max)","authors":"S. Mathpal, Rashmi Joshi, Bhagyashree Bhatt, Smrutishree Sahoo, Sneha Joshi","doi":"10.18805/ijare.a-6176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.a-6176","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study was performed to understand the genetic base of soybean which mainly focused to assess the diversity among sixteen soybean germplasms namely (AMS 100-39, BAUS 102, DS 3108, DSB 34, MACS 1493, NRC 128, NRC 130, NRC 131, NRC 132, NRC 136, NRC 137, NRC SL 1, PS 1613, RSC 11-03, RSC 11-07 and SKF SP-11) with two cultivated checks (JS-335 and Bragg). Methods: The genomic isolation was carried out using CTAB buffer and the diversity was estimated with the help of nine RAPD markers using percent polymorphism, PIC content, Jaccard’s similarity index and represented in dendogram. Result: The banding patterns were obtained with all the primer showed a total of 59 bands, out of the which, 17 bands were monomorphic, while other are polymorphic and the amplification ranged from 100 bp to 960 bp. The range of similarity coefficients varies from 0.87 to 0.36. Out of total amplification, products were scored, averages of 70.3% were polymorphic among all genotypes. The cluster clearly divided the whole germplasms into two four groups showing the clear-cut diversity profile of all germplasms. As a result, this study is very beneficial for understanding the diversity of different soybean germplasms and the application of this technique for the development of highly profitable crops.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13398,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":" 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140683769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Residual Effect of Nitrogen and Weed Management Practices in Maize on Succeeding Groundnut","authors":"K. Saimaheswari, G. Sagar, V. Chandrika, P. Sudhakar","doi":"10.18805/ijare.a-6103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.a-6103","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cereal-legume cropping system is considered to be one of the better alternatives for sustaining soil fertility and increasing the yield. At present maize-groundnut cropping system is gaining importance under both rainfed and irrigated situations. Maize, being an exhaustive and weed-sensitive crop, is supplied with large doses of fertilizers and new herbicide molecules.Since maize is exhaustive and weed sensitive crop, there was a usage of excessive fertilizers and new herbicides. There is a need to assess the carry over effect of fertilizers and new generation herbicides in leguminous crops like groundnut. Methods: The experiment was conducted during two consecutive rabi seasons of 2019-20 and 2020-21 on sandy loam soils of S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati andhra Pradesh. Maize hybrid DHM -117 was sown and maintained with general cultivation practices except for nitrogen and weed management methods was raised after harvest of maize in undisturbed layout to study the residual effect of different nitrogen and weed management practices imposed in maize. Result: Residual effect of nitrogen and weed management practices imposed in preceding maize did not exert any significant influence on germination percentage, phytotoxicity and SPAD chlorophyll meter reading (SCMR) values but efficacy of herbicide residue found to be significant with weed management practices. Growth parameters, yield attributes pod yield, haulm yield and economics were higher in groundnut with brown manuring, which was however, in parity with hand weeding twice at 15 and 30 DAS, pre emergence application of atrazine 1.0 kg ha-1 fb post emergence application of topramezone 30 g ha-1 and pre emergence application of atrazine 1.0 kg ha-1 fb post emergence application of tembotrione 120 g ha-1 and lower with unweeded check and it was remained in parity with application of parthenium water extract15 lha-1 twice at 15 and 30 DAS, application of sunflower water extract 15 lha-1 twice at 15 and 30 DAS, pre emergence application of atrazine 1.0 kg ha-1 fb post emergence application of parthenium water extract 15 lha-1 and pre emergence application of atrazine 1.0 kg ha-1 fb post emergence application of sunflower water extract 15 lha-1 in the order of ascent. None of their interaction effects were found to be significant during both the years of study and in pooled mean.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13398,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":"9 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140710715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy Budgeting and Efficiency Analysis of Organic Cotton: A DEA Approach","authors":"S. Iswarya, P. M. Shanmugam, E. Somasundaram, T. Chitdeshwari, M. Suganthy","doi":"10.18805/ijare.a-6121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.a-6121","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is crop of economic importance in global and national scale. India is the greatest producer of quality cotton, the third largest exporter and the second largest consumer. Conventional cotton farming creates environmental pressures and negative impact on public health. Organic farming is the sustainability option in cotton production. Cotton is the energy intensive crop, which uses high amount of input energy to produce seed cotton. Hence, energy budgeting is highly essential for better energy utilization and resource conservation and also measuring the input use efficiency of a farm/agronomic practices is vitally important in present day Indian agriculture. Methods: Sensing the economic importance of cotton, ten number of eco-friendly, ecologically safe organic nutrient management (ONM) practices were framed and field experiment was conducted in split plot design with two main plots (M) and five subplots (S) and replicated thrice. The direct and indirect energy used in different ONM practices were computed and energy coefficients were computed from energy equivalents and that has been used as inputs to generate efficiency coefficients by using an input oriented DEA approach. Result: Energy budgeting on field operation basis reported that, the field preparation and irrigation operation uses most of the energy (in non-renewable forms) which needs attention and there is the scope to find alternative energy conservation systems. Results on input use efficiency reported that the ONM practice, double green manuring followed by cotton and application of well decomposed poultry manure and foliar application of fermented fish extract at 5% concentration at 25 and 35 DAS are 100% efficient in terms of technical CRS, technical VRS, scale, allocative and cost efficiencies. This organic nutrient management practice would produce optimum output from the least amount of input and would be ideal for sustainable cotton production.","PeriodicalId":13398,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140714778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological and Biochemical Basis of Variation in Yield of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) under CA-based Crop Establishment Methods and Nutrient Management in R-W Cropping System","authors":"R. V. Bhangare, U.P. Singh, S. Jangde, P. Prakash","doi":"10.18805/ijare.a-6140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.a-6140","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Crop establishment methods and nutrient management practices treatments were continuously practiced in the same plots since 2011-12 as a part of long-term experiment. A field study was conducted during 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 i.e. during 9th and 10th year of study to investigate the effects of CE methods and nutrient management on growth, physiological, biochemical, yield attributes and yield of rice crop. Methods: Field experiments were carried out at the Agricultural Research Farm, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, laid out in split plot design replicated thrice with four crop establishment (CE) methods viz., CT (puddled transplanted) rice-CT wheat (CE1),CTDSR rice-CT wheat (CE2), CTDSR- ZT wheat (rice residue retention) (CE3), ZT rice-ZT wheat (residue retention in rice and wheat) (CE4) in main plots and three nutrient management (NM) practices viz., FP (164 kg N, 50 kg P2O5, 32 kg K2O and 4 kg Zn ha-1) (N1), RFD (150 kg N, 60 kg P2O5, 60 kg K2O and 5 kg Zn ha-1) (N2) and SSNM- RWCM recommendation (N3). The rice variety used was ‘Sarju-52’ in the present study. Result: The recorded data revealed that ZT rice–ZT wheat (CE4) recorded significantly higher plant height, tillers hill-1, leaf area, RWC, total chlorophyll content and protein content as compared to other CE methods. Among NM practices, SSNM-RWCM (N3) recorded significantly higher plant height, tillers hill-1, leaf area and protein content, whereas, RWC and total chlorophyll content did not differ significantly over farmer’s practice and recommended fertilizer dose. Improved growth and physio-chemical attributes in ZT rice-ZT wheat (CE4) and SSNM-RWCM (N3) resulted in significantly higher panicles hill-1, fertility percentage and number of filled grains panicle-1 over other CE methods and NM practices. Panicle length, spikelets panicle-1 and test weight showed non-significant differences. Grain yield, straw yield and biological yield were significantly higher in ZT rice-ZT wheat (CE4) among CE methods and SSNM-RWCM (N3) among NM practices. The harvest index showed non-significant differences for CE methods and NM practices both.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13398,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":"14 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140742245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation and Path Analysis Studies in Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] under Arid Environment of Western Rajasthan","authors":"Anil Kumar, N. Sharma, Ravi Kumar, S. Sanadya, Smrutishree Sahoo","doi":"10.18805/ijare.a-6195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.a-6195","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Mungbean is an important grain legume crop. It contains a high amount of protein, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals. The productivity of this crop is still low, hence efforts should be made to improve the yield of mungbean by keeping knowledge about association between seed yield and its components. Thus, the present investigation was aimed to determine the correlation and path coefficient analysis for seed yield and its attributing traits in mungbean. Methods: Seventy-nine diverse genotypes of mungbean were evaluated during Kharif 2017-18 for eleven quantitative traits in randomized block design with three replications at the Experimental farm, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner, Rajasthan. Result: Significant genotypic differences were observed for all the traits studied indicating a considerable amount of variation among genotypes for all the characters. The seed yield per plant exhibited highly significant and positive correlation with number of pods per plant, biological yield per plant, harvest index, number of seeds per pod and pod length. The characteristics such as biological yield per plant, harvest index, number of pods per plant, pod length, number of seeds per pod, plant height, 100-seed weight and days to 50 per cent flowering had high positive direct effect on seed yield per plant. Therefore, selection based on the traits viz., number of pods per plant, biological yield per plant, harvest index, number of seeds per pod, 100-seed weight and pod length could help in enhancing the seed yield per plant in mungbean.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13398,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140743795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technology to Increase Carbon Mineralization Potential of Crop Residues under Cotton-Maize-Pulse Cropping System","authors":"R. M. Kumar, N. Sekaran, D. Selvi, T. Kalaiselvi, A. Surendrakumar","doi":"10.18805/ijare.a-6180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.a-6180","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cotton, maize and pulses are widely grown crops in the western zone of Tamil Nadu, resulting in a significant accumulation of crop residues throughout the year. The persistence of these crop residues after harvest can cause problems for farmers and the soil system. Therefore, the goal of the current study is to investigate the carbon mineralization process in these residues to enrich the soil’s nutrient content, turning waste into a valuable resource. Methods: The incubation experiment comprised 13 treatments, each with three replicates. These included a control, surface residue addition, buried residue addition and various combinations of soil, residue, microbial consortia, urea and jaggery, both on the soil surface (S) and incorporated into the soil (I). Result: The incorporation of crop residues into the soil, along with the addition of 1% microbial consortia, 2.0% jaggery and 1% urea, significantly enhanced carbon mineralization. Among the three crop residues, cowpea exhibited the highest performance, followed by cotton and maize, with values of 692, 564 and 522 µg C g-1 soil, respectively. This trend was further supported by the Michaelis-Menten model (V = 951.72 * x/22.13 + x), with a high goodness-of-fit represented by an R2 value of 0.95 for cowpea. The maximum Vmax (951.72 µmol/min) further substantiates the efficient carbon mineralization achieved by utilizing allocated resources in cowpea-incorporated crop residues (CWFI).\u0000","PeriodicalId":13398,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":"106 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139684811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}