Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research最新文献

{"title":"Factors Affecting Mechanization Index and Farm Power Availability in Guntur District of Andhra Pradesh","authors":"S. Rahaman, M. Vinayak, R. Venkat, S. Mohan, B. H. Babu","doi":"10.18805/ijare.a-6066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.a-6066","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Agriculture is the most vital sector of the Indian economy. In 2020, India’s population was 1.38 billion, with a projected growth of 1.80 billion by 2050. As a result, more food must be produced to meet the demands. Mechanization is recognized as an important input for increasing agricultural production. It assures timely field operations, improves product quality and quantity, improves input-use efficiency and reducing labour costs and drudgery. Methods: Randomly, 5 Mandals are selected; within each Mandal, 5 villages are chosen randomly; and from each village, 20 farmers are chosen at random. For the survey, a sample of 500 farmers from 25 villages was selected to examine the mechanization index and farm power availability by considering factors such as social status, landholding and economic status of farmers. Result: According to the study’s findings, that the average mechanization index and average farm power availability were 68% and 1.64-kW ha-1, respectively. The influencing factors that observed from the study was lack of knowledge about how to use farm machines and implements, lower annual income of farmers and marginal farmers who cannot afford to buy expensive machinery and implements. The mechanization index and farm power availability increase linearly with the farmer’s economic status.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13398,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47754545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation the Efficiency of Newly Combined Herbicide Pyroxsulam and Galaxifen-methyl in Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)","authors":"A. Al-Maliki, A. Golubev, V. Dolzhenko, A. Savva, T. Dolzhenko","doi":"10.18805/ijare.af-770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.af-770","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Background: Globally, wheat production is essential for food security as it is an essential staple food crop for a huge population. However, there are different biotic and abiotic factors affected the productivity of wheat. One of the essential competitors of wheat crop are weeds. Wheat is infested by both annual and perennial dicotyledonous weeds. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of the new combined herbicide Tarzec WG based on pyroxsulam and galaxifen-methyl + safener cloquintocet-mexyl for protecting winter wheat from the weeds. Methods: The field experiment was conducted during 2019 and 2020. The experimental treatments consisted of Tarzec two application rates: 19 g/ha and 22 g/ha.Reference standards were applied, Pallas 45 (22 g/ha of pyroxsulam). Result: Results revealed that the greatest advantage of the combined herbicide Tarzec WG over the single-component agent Pallas 45 OD was attained through the inhibition degree against weeds in both the seasons of experiment. Unfortunately, these compelling advantages of combined agent over the single-component one was not identified with respect to Cerastiumnemorale, Avenafatua and Alopecurus myosuroides. Tarzec WG herbicide was not phytotoxic to the plants of the winter wheat.","PeriodicalId":13398,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46825951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study the Effect of Different Renewable Carbon Sources on the Succinic Acid Biosynthesis by Optimization Culture Composition using 4-Liter Scale Bioreactor","authors":"R. A. A. Alsaheb, M. Mohammed, A. Lafi, J. Abdullah, Azza Hashim Abbas","doi":"10.18805/ijare.af-764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.af-764","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The succinic acid demand accelerated through the years. Thus, the need to improve acid production economically is aggravated. The fermentation process by succinate bacteria showed promising acid production. However, due to different bacteria characteristics, mediums composition and operating conditions, a fixed quantity of succinic acid production cannot be determined or generalized. Recently, raising interest in examining cheap mediums in the fermentation process brought attention to utilizing different raw materials. Nevertheless, its influence on production is not fully comprehended. Methods: This research aims to develop an evaluation of three succinate bacteria on succinic acid production. Also, it aims to demonstrate a comparative analysis of the Succinic acid production by three raw carbon sources (Corn fiber, Cane molasses and orange peel). The flask batch method and the 4-L Bioreactor were employed in the evaluation. Result: The results of the study showed that the Actinobacillus succinogenes is the best succinate bacteria to provide commercial Succinic acid. The presence of 10 g of glucose was satisfactory in improving the fermentation among all bacteria. The highest Succinic acid production was 12.8 g/L provided by the corn fiber. The lowest succinic acid production was 18% less than the glucose medium that the orange peel gave. The results revealed a significant impact of the raw material composition on the production outcomes. At the bioreactor, the cells exhibited an exponential phase with rate growth of 0.175 [g/L.h] and the maximum Succinic acid produced was 25 g/L.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13398,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47039908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crop Geometry and Intercropping of Legume and Oilseed in Irrigated Pearlmillet","authors":"K. Nagarajan, S. Sanbagavalli, C. Jayanthi, G. Dheebakaran, A. Senthil","doi":"10.18805/ijare.a-5967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.a-5967","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pearlmillet is conventionally cultivated by farmers either broadcasting or uniform row spacing of 45 cm where it is difficult to accommodate an intercrop. Modified planting pattern provides additional space for intercrop component as well as harvest better solar energy in the system. Methods: The field experiment was conducted in Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during Kharif (July-October) of 2019. The experiment was laid out in split plot design and were replicated thrice. Different crop geometry viz. 45 x 15 cm, 60 x 15 cm, 30/60 x 15 cm and 30/90 x 15 cm were adopted in main plots, whereas intercropping [S1- Greengram, S2-Sesame and S3- No intercrop] were allotted in subplots. Result: Pearlmillet grown under paired row sowing 30/90 x 15 cm recorded higher growth attributes and yield parameters. Grain and stover yields was also recorded higher in the above-mentioned crop geometry. In intercropping system higher growth and yield parameters was observed in sole crop treatment and it was on par with greengram intercropping system. Pearlmillet grown under paired row sowing 30/90 x 15 cm (M4) + greengram (S1) recorded higher equivalent yield.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13398,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68034047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analyzing the Factors Influencing the Adoption of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Technology in Cotton in Rajasthan","authors":"S. Panda, A. Sharma","doi":"10.18805/ijare.a-5924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.a-5924","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The model of sustainable agriculture mostly emphasizes on enhancing the efficacy of agrochemical usage by the implementation of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) technology, substitution of various inputs and practices with effective alternative technologies involving low energy utilization and plant/animal integration. Following the sustainable approach towards agriculture, a research has been conducted in the state of Rajasthan to identify the major factors that influence the adoption of IPM technology in Cotton. Cotton being the major crop of Sri Ganganagar and Hanumangarh districts for kharif season had an average area of 2.39 lakh hectares and average production of 7.44 lakh bales that constituted 51 per cent and 52 per cent of total area and production of Rajasthan, respectively during last five years ending 2016-17. Methods: On the basis of pest management strategy, farmers in the area were classified into three categories viz. farmers following conventional practice, farmers following IPM practice and farmers following both the practices, for the research. The purpose of the study was to identify the factors influencing adoption of IPM technology in the study area. A total of nine metric socio-economic variables of three groups of a total sample of 90 farmers from both the districts were taken for the study for the crop year 2017-18. The data were analyzed through suitable statistics: linear discriminant analysis and two-step cluster analysis. Result: It was found that ‘years of experience in current practice followed’, ‘number of workshops attended for current practice’, ‘years of education’, ‘years of experience in agriculture’ and ‘number of trainings attended for current practice’ are the major variables that discriminated among the three group of practices followed by the farmers of the study area. Among the selected significant discriminating factors, ‘higher education’, ‘higher number of workshops attended for current practice’ and ‘higher number of trainings attended for current practice’ were found to be the major influencing factors towards the adoption of IPM technology among the cotton growers in the study area. This study would facilitate the stakeholders involved in the dissemination of IPM technology as a measure for sustainable agriculture.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13398,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44336022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) Varieties in Foothills of Nagaland under Irrigated Condition","authors":"Wanda Entalyrose Susngi, R. Yadav, A. Singh, L. Tzudir, D. Nongmaithem, A. A. Qureshi","doi":"10.18805/ijare.a-6060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.a-6060","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Linseed, being a short duration crop, can be introduced in rice fallow system in order to derive more benefits. Timely and adequate amount of water to the crop in best possible way helps in optimizing agricultural production. At the same time, the need to meet increasing demand for food will require increased production per unit of water. However, the scope of linseed cultivation is very limited in Nagaland. The farmers of the region are not well-acquainted with linseed cultivation and information on varietal performance of linseeds in Nagaland condition is scanty. Methods: The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications and consisted of seven linseed varieties viz., JLS-95, RLC-153, LSL-93, T-397, Shekhar, Priyam and Parvati. Result: Among all the varieties, JLS-95 produced higher growth attributes viz., plant height (cm), number of leaves plant-1, number of branches plant-1, plant dry matter (g plant-1), crop growth rate (g m-2 day-1) and yield attributes viz., number of capsules plant-1, seed yield (kg ha-1) and stover yield as well was statistically superior in variety JLS-95 over the other varieties.","PeriodicalId":13398,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44748672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Root Growth, Nutrient Uptake, Nodulation and Yield of Summer Mung [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] as Influenced by Land Configuration and Varying Nutrient Management Practices under Coastal Plains of Odisha","authors":"Sweta Rath, G. Mishra, J. Gulati, A. Mohapatra","doi":"10.18805/ijare.a-6084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.a-6084","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Green gram being an important legume crop, its rooting traits and nodule characteristics are vital in determining its overall productivity. Land configuration plays a crucial role in influencing the root and nodule growth in green gram. Judicious use of balanced nutrients and fertilizers is needed owing to the sustainability concern of the environment and also for optimising the production process. Methods: Field experiments were carried out at the Agronomy Main Research Farm, O.U.A.T. Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India during 2020 and 2021 to study the effect of different land configuration methods and varying nutrient management practices on the root growth, nutrient uptake and yield of summer mung. Split-plot Design was adopted with three replications having four main plot and 6 sub-plot treatments. Result: The outcomes of the experiment showed that raised bed method with PDM-139 cultivar gave the highest pooled root length (13.1 cm), root dry weight (1.52 g) and shoot: root ratio (6.83). F6 nutrient management treatment gave synonymous results (12.16 cm root length, 1.53 g root dry weight). Similar trend was observed for number of nodules (15.48 nodules/plant) and nodule fresh weight (25.50 g) under land configuration, variety and (16.61 nodules/plant, 25.50 g) under nutrient management respectively. The total nutrient uptake in grain and straw for nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium was found to be the highest in flat-bed method with PDM-139 cultivar. The result revealed that sowing of green gram on raised bed land configuration with PDM 139 along with nutrient management practice based on STCR equations (F6) significantly produced more yield (522.84 kg/ha and 455.29 kg/ha respectively) than the other treatments. The study revealed that there was positive correlation between the grain yield and the respective N, P2O5 and K2O uptakes.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13398,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42130562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Bio-foliar Application of Moringa (Moringa oleifera) on Foliage Yield and Quality of Mustard Green (Brassica juncea L.)","authors":"H. Truong, Co Quang Nguyen, The Dieu Thi Nguyen, Hatsadong Chanthanousone, H. Nguyen, Hien T T Pham","doi":"10.18805/ijare.af-772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.af-772","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Moringa oleifera is a vegetable widely consumed because of its nutritional benefits such as proteins, vitamins minerals, antioxidant compounds, and vitamin E. While the plant leaves have been utilized to produce organic fertilizer or bio-extract, other parts such as stems, branches, or leaf petioles have often been discarded as waste. Methods: The present study evaluated different ratios (1:10; 1:20; 1:30; 1:40 and 1:50) and types of bio-foliar fertilizers (Moringa bio-foliar fertilizer, chitosan, and seaweed fertilizers) on yield, and quality in mustard green. The pot and field experiments were conducted in the spring seasons of 2019 and 2020 in completely randomized design using three replications. Result: The results showed that the mustard green yield and quality were affected by ratio and type of bio-foliar fertilizer in both seasons. Highest yield and quality was found for application of moringa bio-foliar fertilizer. The nitrate accumulation value (147.3 mg kg-1) found were also higher for moringa bio-foliar fertilizer but lower than the standard threshold. A strong relationship was found between economic yield (R2 = 0.82 to 0.95 in pots and field experiment (R2 = 0.78 to 0.81). In conclusion, moringa bio-foliar fertilizer at spraying ratio of 1:10 can be used to achieve higher yield and quality for mustard green.","PeriodicalId":13398,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45676237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Affecting Callus Induction from Anther and Ovary of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)","authors":"A. Ibrahim, Ali Razaq Abbas, E. Aldabbagh, Arifullah Mohammed","doi":"10.18805/ijare.af-754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.af-754","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench.] is a nutrient-rich vegetable crop widely grown in the tropics and sub-tropics mainly for its edible pods. The haploid technique has been used in plant breeding for the improvements of plants and to develop new varieties in relatively a short time. Hence, we have optimized several factors such as plant growth regulators (PGR), sucrose concentration, cold treatment, type of media and culture conditions for callus induction from the anther and ovary of okra (557 F1 hybrid). Methods: The flower buds of different sizes were collected to determine various stages of development and then subjected to cold pre-treatments. The explants were then cultured on various combinations of PGRs i.e., naphthyloxy acetic (NOA), Indole acetic acid (IAA), 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2, 4-D), Benzyl amino purine (BAP), isopentenyl adenine 2iP, Kinetin (KIN) and Thidiazuron (TDZ). Result: The optimum developmental stage of microspore for callus initiation was achieved from flower buds of okra and its size was about 11 mm long. Flower buds that emerged one week after the flowering showed significantly higher percentage of callus induction. The optimum stage for ovary and ovule culture were one or two days prior to anthesis and the flower buds stage was 35±1mm. In conclusion, our study investigated the effect of several factors that affects callus induction in okra and optimized cultured conditions for future haploid development for okra.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13398,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42185362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Variability, Heritability, Genetic Advance and Divergence Analysis in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)","authors":"Prithviraj Patil, S. Shrivastav, Patil Kulbhushan, Rushikesh Landge, Deshraj Gurjar","doi":"10.18805/ijare.a-6036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.a-6036","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Wheat is a cereal crop that is widely farmed across the world and ranks first in global crop production. Wheat cultivation is the world’s most important food crop.The assessment of genetic divergence existing in the germplasm collections is very important to select genetically divergent parents for hybridization in a transgressive breeding programme for development of high yielding wheat varieties coupled with quality, multiple resistance and wider adaptability. Methods: The experiment on 21genotypes including two checks viz., HD 2967 and PBW 824 was conducted to work out the genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance and divergence analysis for yield and yield contributing traits in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The experiment was laid out in randomised block design (RBD) during Rabi, 2021-2022 at Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab. Result: The analysis of variance revealed mean sum of square due to genotypes were significant for all the characters indicating sufficient genetic variability among the genotypes. The magnitude of PCV and GCV were moderate for grain yield per plant and harvesting index, which suggests greater phenotypic and genotypic variance among the genotypes and responsiveness of the attributes for making further improvement by selection and indicating limited scope for improvement. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance observed for harvest-index thus these characters show additive gene action in their expression. In divergence analysis, maximum intra-cluster distance exhibited by cluster 2 followed by cluster 1among the different genotypes. The maximum inter-cluster distance between cluster 2 and 3 followed by cluster 2 and 7 and the minimum inter cluster distance was recorded between cluster 5 and 6 followed by cluster 1 and 3. It indicated that for crop improvement in wheat diversified genotypes may be selected from cluster 2 and cluster 3 to received maximum transgressive recombinants from segregating generations.","PeriodicalId":13398,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46578861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}