SPIE Defense + Commercial Sensing最新文献

{"title":"Models of feedback and adaptation in multi-agent systems for disaster situation management","authors":"G. Jakobson, J. Buford, L. Lewis","doi":"10.1117/12.778635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.778635","url":null,"abstract":"The response, rescue and recovery teams that are engaged in disaster management operations require a continuous and comprehensive information flow of the disaster environment and a situational awareness in order to undertake fast and coordinated actions. Because of highly dynamic and often unpredictable disaster situations the teams need to adjust their goals, resources and actions both on an individual member level (agent) and on an entire team level (multi-agent system). This paper investigates a new approach to an agent's adaptability based on cognitive feedback introduced into the framework of inter-agent collaboration. The paper is a continuation of our work on situation-aware multi-agent systems. We discuss how agent adaptation and cognitive feedback is applied in the architecture of multi-agent systems for disaster situation management.","PeriodicalId":133868,"journal":{"name":"SPIE Defense + Commercial Sensing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134013515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Holographic 3D display of overlapped pattern by pick-upped image using integral imaging technique","authors":"Sangha Lee, Seung-Cheol Kim, Eun-Soo Kim","doi":"10.1117/12.778296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.778296","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose the holographic reconstruction by overlapped pattern from the images that captured by Integral Image (II) method with some image processing. An elemental image array of 3D object is pick-upped by II method and modified to a sub-image array. Then each elemental hologram pattern is generated by each sub-image with computational technique then overlapped like uniform ratio. Finally, the overlapped hologram pattern is reconstructed using the reference wave which is used to the hologram generation process. In this simulation, the characters of 'KW' with different depth are used as 3D objects and pick-upped and processed using II method. Then processed image is successfully reconstructed using hologram technique.","PeriodicalId":133868,"journal":{"name":"SPIE Defense + Commercial Sensing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121525260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Algebra of Dempster-Shafer evidence accumulation","authors":"R. H. Enders, Andrzej K. Brodzik, M. R. Pellegrini","doi":"10.1117/12.784944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.784944","url":null,"abstract":"In this work we focus on the relationship between the Dempster-Shafer (DS) and Bayesian evidence accumulation. While it is accepted that the DS theory is, in a certain sense, a generalization of the probability theory, the approaches vary in several important respects, including the treatment of uncertain information and the way the evidence is combined, making direct comparison of results of the two analyses difficult. In this work we ameliorate these difficulties by proposing a mathematical framework within which the relationship between the two methods can be made precise. The findings of the investigation elucidate the role uncertainty plays in the DS theory and enable evaluation of relative fitness of the two techniques for practical data fusion scenarios.","PeriodicalId":133868,"journal":{"name":"SPIE Defense + Commercial Sensing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123938749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amorphous silicon based large format uncooled FPA microbolometer technology","authors":"T. Schimert, J. Brady, T. Fagan, M. Taylor, W. McCardel, R. Gooch, S. Ajmera, C. Hanson, A. Syllaios","doi":"10.1117/12.784661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.784661","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents recent developments in next generation microbolometer Focal Plane Array (FPA) technology at L-3 Communications Infrared Products (L-3 CIP). Infrared detector technology at L-3 CIP is based on hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) and amorphous silicon germanium(a-SiGe:H). Large format high performance, fast, and compact IR FPAs are enabled by a low thermal mass pixel design; favorable material properties; an advanced ROIC design; and wafer level packaging. Currently at L-3 CIP, 17 micron pixel FPA array technology including 320x240, 640 x 480 and 1024 x768 arrays is under development. Applications of these FPAs range from low power microsensors to high resolution near-megapixel imager systems.","PeriodicalId":133868,"journal":{"name":"SPIE Defense + Commercial Sensing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121850590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigations into optimal color and shape primitives using the Perspecta 3D volumetric display","authors":"G. Reis, P. Havig, E. Heft, J. McIntire","doi":"10.1117/12.776764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.776764","url":null,"abstract":"Volumetric displays allow users to view freely three-dimensional (3D) imagery without special eyewear. However, due to low display resolution, many colors appear distorted compared to their representation on a flat-panel display. In addition, due to the unique nature of the display, some shapes, objects, and orientations can also appear distorted. This study examines the perceptual range of virtual objects in a Perspecta 3D volumetric display to determine which combination of object type, size, position, and color produces the best perceived 3D image. Across three experiments, we test different object types, hues, saturation levels of hues, and position within the volumetric display. Participants rated their hue and shape naming confidence as well as their ratings on solidity. Various significant main and interaction effects were exhibited among three separate experiments.","PeriodicalId":133868,"journal":{"name":"SPIE Defense + Commercial Sensing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131913210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A demonstrator for an integrated subway protection system","authors":"E. Detoma, P. Capetti, G. Casati, S. Billington","doi":"10.1117/12.777043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.777043","url":null,"abstract":"In 2006 SEPA has carried on the installation and tests of a demonstrator for an integrated subway protection system at a new subway station in the Naples (Italy) metropolitan area. Protection of a subway system is a difficult task given the amount of passengers transported every day. The demonstrator has been limited to non-intrusive detection techniques not to impair the passenger flow into the station. The demonstrator integrates several technologies and products that have been developed by SEPA or are already available on the market (MKS Instruments,...). The main purpose is to provide detection capabilities for attempts to introduce radioactive substances in the subway station, in order to foil possible attempts to place a dirty bomb, and threat detection and identification following release of chemical agents. The system integrates additional sensors such as video surveillance cameras and air flow sensing to complement the basic sensors suite. The need to protect sensitive installations such as subway stations has been highlighted by the series of terroristics actions carried out in recent years in the subway in London. However, given the number of passengers of a metro system, it is impossible to propose security techniques operating in ways similar to the screening of passengers in airports. Passengers screening and threat detection and identification must be quick, non-intrusive and capable of screening a large number of passengers to be applicable to mass transit systems. In 2005 SEPA, a small company operating in the field of trains video-surveillance systems and radiation detectors, started developing an integrated system to provide a comprehensive protection to subway stations, based on ready available or off-the-shelf components in order to quickly develop a reliable system with available technology. We ruled out at the beginning any new development in order to speed up the fielding of the system in less than one year. The system was developed with commercial sensors and deployed in a new station of the Naples metropolitan transit system in Mugnano. The station was particularly suitable for the demonstration since it is a new station that includes air venting control, water barriers (for fire and smoke containment) and a complete SCADA system to integrate technical and video surveillance operations. In order to protect the subway, we tackled four basic technologies, all readily available in-house or on the market: - radiation detection, to detect the introduction in the station of radionuclides, that may be dispersed by conventional explosive (a \"dirty\" bomb); - chemical agents detection and identification (after release), complemented with air speed and velocity sensors to estimate, track and predict the contamination plume; - video surveillance, integrated with the SCADA system and already available in the station.","PeriodicalId":133868,"journal":{"name":"SPIE Defense + Commercial Sensing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115207346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental demonstration of remote optical detection of trace explosives","authors":"C. Wynn, S. Palmacci, R. Kunz, J. Zayhowski, B. Edwards, M. Rothschild","doi":"10.1117/12.782371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.782371","url":null,"abstract":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory has developed a concept that could enable remote (10s of meters) detection of trace explosives' residues via a field-portable laser system. The technique relies upon laser-induced photodissociation of nitro-bearing explosives into vibrationally excited nitric oxide (NO) fragments. Subsequent optical probing of the first vibrationally excited state at 236 nm yields narrowband fluorescence at the shorter wavelength of 226 nm. With proper optical filtering, these photons provide a highly sensitive explosives signature that is not susceptible to interference from traditional optical clutter sources (e.g., red-shifted fluorescence). Quantitative measurements of trace residues of TNT have been performed demonstrating this technique using a breadboard system, which relies upon a pulsed optical parametric oscillator (OPO) based laser. Based on these results, performance projections for a fieldable system are made.","PeriodicalId":133868,"journal":{"name":"SPIE Defense + Commercial Sensing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115428055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of 3D displays using objective metrics","authors":"P. Havig, J. McIntire, S. Dixon, J. Moore, G. Reis","doi":"10.1117/12.773375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.773375","url":null,"abstract":"Previously, we (Havig, Aleva, Reis, Moore, and McIntire, 2007) presented a taxonomy for the development of three-dimensional (3D) displays. We proposed three levels of metrics: objective (in which physical measurements are made of the display), subjective (Likert-type rating scales to show preferences of the display), and subjective-objective (performance metrics in which one shows how the 3D display may be more or less useful than a 2D display or a different 3D display). We concluded that for each level of metric, drawing practical comparisons among currently disparate 3D displays is difficult. In this paper we attempt to define more clearly the objective metrics for 3D displays. We set out to collect and measure physical attributes of several 3D displays and compare the results. We discuss our findings in terms of both difficulties in making the measurements in the first place, due to the physical set-up of the display, to issues in comparing the results we found and comparing how similar (or dissimilar) two 3D displays may or may not be. We conclude by discussing the next steps in creating objective metrics for three-dimensional displays as well as a proposed way ahead for the other two levels of metrics based on our findings.","PeriodicalId":133868,"journal":{"name":"SPIE Defense + Commercial Sensing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114214356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A low power readout circuit approach for uncooled resistive microbolometer FPAs","authors":"Murat Tepegoz, Alperen Toprak, T. Akin","doi":"10.1117/12.786609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.786609","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new, low power readout circuit approach for uncooled resistive microbolometer FPAs. The readout circuits of the microbolometer detectors contain parallel readout channels whose outputs are driven and multiplexed on large bus capacitances in order to form the output of the readout circuit. High number of opamps used in the readout channel array and large output capacitances that these opamps should drive necessitates the use of high output current capacity structures, which results in large power dissipation. This paper proposes two new methods in order to decrease the power dissipation of the readout circuits for uncooled thermal FPAs. The first method is called the readout channel group concept, where the readout channel array is separated into groups in order to decrease the load capacitance seen by the readout channel output. The second method utilizes a special opamp architecture where the output current driving capacity can be digitally controlled. This method enables efficient use of power by activating the high output current driving capacity only during the output multiplexing. The simulations show that using these methods results in a power dissipation reduction of 80% and 91% for the readout channels optimized for a single output 384x288 FPA operating at 25 fps and for a two-output 640x480 FPA operating at 30 fps, respectively.","PeriodicalId":133868,"journal":{"name":"SPIE Defense + Commercial Sensing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127187677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Content-based image exploitation for situational awareness","authors":"D. Gains","doi":"10.1117/12.784559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.784559","url":null,"abstract":"Image exploitation is of increasing importance to the enterprise of building situational awareness from multi-source data. It involves image acquisition, identification of objects of interest in imagery, storage, search and retrieval of imagery, and the distribution of imagery over possibly bandwidth limited networks. This paper describes an image exploitation application that uses image content alone to detect objects of interest, and that automatically establishes and preserves spatial and temporal relationships between images, cameras and objects. The application features an intuitive user interface that exposes all images and information generated by the system to an operator thus facilitating the formation of situational awareness.","PeriodicalId":133868,"journal":{"name":"SPIE Defense + Commercial Sensing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126885234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}