Indian Journal of Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Cannabis and psychopathology: 2024 Snapshot of a meandering journey.","authors":"Tathagata Mahintamani, Diptadhi Mukherjee, Debasish Basu","doi":"10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_968_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_968_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cannabis has been associated with psychopathology since ancient times, but controversies continue despite important advances in the field. This article is the fourth one in our decadal series of review articles that have been providing an update snapshot of the meandering journey of the research findings in this area.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This narrative review of a comprehensive literature search over the past 10 years aims to provide an update and current understanding, while raising unanswered questions for the future, focusing on the following areas: (a) nosological changes in cannabis-related psychiatric syndromes; (b) psychopathology associated with the newer category of synthetic cannabinoids; (c) cannabis withdrawal syndrome); (d) cannabis and psychosis; (e) cannabis and mood disorders; (f) cannabis and suicidality; (g) prenatal cannabis use and psychopathology in the offspring; (h) effect of recent liberal policy overhaul on cannabis control in certain countries/areas on psychopathology and adverse outcomes; (i) cannabis and cognition; and (j) cannabis, psychopathology, and genetics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The data search strategies involved a combination of electronic databases and manual hand-searching of relevant publications and cross-references using selected search terms. The primary electronic search focused on Medline and PubMed Central databases but extended to databases such as Google Scholar, PsychINFO, Scopus, and Ovid for specific sections. Key references identified through electronic and manual searches provided additional material. Inclusion criteria for the review spanned studies published between January 2014 and June 2024, with more emphasis placed on recent studies (post-2020) while ensuring historical coverage.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The narrative review aimed to be comprehensive, including a broad range of research without strict methodological exclusions. Strengths and limitations of cited research are discussed when applicable, maintaining consistency with three prior reviews. We focused on psychopathology and psychiatric syndromes, human (rather than animal) studies, and applied (rather than basic) research. We have only focused on policy with reference to psychopathology and not on that entire area because that would be beyond the scope of this article. There are important updates in all the areas covered. There are newer syndromal entities in ICD-11, which also includes synthetic cannabinoids for the first time. Cannabis withdrawal syndrome has been better characterized. The association between cannabis and psychosis has been robustly established especially for very high-potency cannabis and for vulnerable populations, particularly young people. Work is in progress elucidating the causal mechanisms. The links between cannabis and mood disorders as well as suicidality and cognitive impairment are better characterized, though questions remain. Recent liberal","PeriodicalId":13345,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"67 3","pages":"283-302"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12032589/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143963281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Localizing dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for noninvasive brain stimulation in adolescents: A comparison between BeamF3 and 10-20 EEG systems: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Sakhardande Kasturi Atmaram, Harsh Pathak, Harshini Manohar, Vanteemar S Sreeraj, Ganesan Venkatasubramanian, John Vijay Sagar Kommu","doi":"10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_972_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_972_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders. It is a primary target region for noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS). BeamF3 is a simplified method of localization of DLPFC for neuromodulation. However, the accuracy of this method has not been examined in children.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To compare the localization of DLPFC via BeamF3 and 10-20 electroencephalogram (EEG) systems in adolescents with neuropsychiatric disorders.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty adolescents (10-15 years) were recruited from the in-patient child and adolescent psychiatry unit of our center. DLPFC localization was done and compared between the BeamF3 and 10-20 EEG systems. DLPFC localization based on the BeamF3 method at anterior/anterolateral/lateral position was compared with 10-20 EEG systems in 70% of adolescents.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean difference in DLPFC localization was 1.10 ± 0.81 cm (0-3 cm), with a difference of ≥1 cm in 70% of adolescents. This study found a difference between Beam F3 and 10-20 EEG systems in terms of localization of DLPFC in adolescents.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Comparison of these methods with MRI-guided methods may be necessary, especially when highly focal stimulation is desired for treatment in adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":13345,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"67 3","pages":"346-349"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12032591/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144005300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling childhood trauma: Comparative insights into reactive attachment disorder and oppositional defiant disorder in siblings.","authors":"Amandeep S Dhaliwal, Sukriti Pruthi, Neha Sharma","doi":"10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_681_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_681_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13345,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"67 3","pages":"363-364"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12032596/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143989924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of Rajyoga mindfulness meditation training on heart rate variability in panic disorder: A randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Kamlesh Jha, Pankaj Kumar, Yogesh Kumar, C P Ganashree, C B Tripathi, B K Shrikant, Arundhathi Kumari","doi":"10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_323_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_323_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Panic disorder is associated with autonomic nervous system dysfunction and reduced heart rate variability (HRV). Enhancing HRV may help mitigate symptoms of panic disorder. This study investigated the effects of Rajyoga mindfulness meditation training on HRV in patients with panic disorder.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective randomized controlled trial included 110 patients with panic disorder recruited from a psychiatry department in India. Participants were randomized to either an 8-week Rajyoga meditation intervention (n = 55) or a waitlist control group (n = 55) receiving standard treatment alone. HRV was measured at baseline and after 8 weeks using time domain (SDRR, RMSSD, pNN50) and frequency domain (total power, HF, LF, LF/HF ratio) parameters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At baseline, there were no significant differences in demographics or HRV parameters between groups. After 8 weeks, the Rajyoga group showed significant increases in SDRR, RMSSD, pNN50, and total power compared to controls (<i>P</i> < 0.05), indicating improved parasympathetic activity. The LF/HF ratio decreased in the Rajyoga group versus controls, suggesting a shift toward parasympathetic predominance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Eight weeks of Rajyoga mindfulness meditation training improved HRV and parasympathetic activity in patients with panic disorder compared to standard treatment alone. Rajyoga meditation may be a beneficial adjunctive intervention for enhancing autonomic regulation in panic disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":13345,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"67 3","pages":"310-315"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12032590/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143991186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The efficacy of add-on yoga intervention in somatoform pain disorders: An open-label controlled trial.","authors":"Kankan Gulati, Durai Murukan Gunasekaran, Hemant Bhargav, Binukumar Bhaskarapillai, D N Nandakumar, Shivarama Varambally, B N Gangadhar, Geetha Desai","doi":"10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_932_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_932_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients diagnosed with somatoform pain disorders (SPDs) experience chronic pain without any obvious etiology and repeatedly seek medical help to find some relief from the symptoms.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>In this study, the effect of 24 weeks of add-on yoga therapy was assessed on pain in patients diagnosed with SPDs through an open-label trial.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Seventy subjects (42 women) with a group mean age ± standard deviation (SD) of 35.41 ± 6.55 years, depending on their preference, were assigned to two groups, Yoga Group (YG: Yoga + standard treatment) (n = 38) or Wait-list Control Group (CG: standard treatment alone) (n = 32). An open-label, assessor-blind, controlled trial design was followed. The primary outcome variable was the severity of pain measured on a Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Secondary outcome variables included anxiety [Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A)], depression [Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D)], somatic symptoms [Scale for Assessment of Somatic Symptoms (SASS)], disability (WHODAS 2.0), and quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF). Assessment time points were baseline and 12 weeks for all the variables except pain, which was assessed at points 0, 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks. Data were analyzed using Friedman's test (LOCF method filled out missing values) and linear mixed model analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Post intervention, there was a significant improvement in the pain scores of patients in the YG compared to the CG at 24 weeks (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Significant between-group improvements favoring the YG group were also observed in the scores of anxiety (<i>P</i> < 0.01), depression (<i>P</i> < 0.05), somatic symptoms (<i>P</i> < 0.01), and physical health-related quality of life (<i>P</i> < 0.01) at 12 weeks. We also observed that patients in the YG group adhered to the treatment better at the end of 24 weeks than the CG group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Adding yoga therapy to standard treatment improved scores of pain, anxiety, depression, somatic symptoms, and physical health-related quality of life in SPDs compared to standard treatment alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":13345,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"67 3","pages":"316-322"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12032594/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144009720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guidelines are merely guidelines.","authors":"Chittaranjan Andrade, Sujit Sarkhel","doi":"10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_228_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_228_25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13345,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"67 3","pages":"281-282"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12032602/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143993969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeted intervention by using neuromodulation in the management of oro-mandibular dystonia with co-morbid bipolar disorder: A case study.","authors":"Mohita Joshi, Priyanshi Chaudhary, Sujita K Kar, Shweta Pandey","doi":"10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_1066_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_1066_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13345,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"67 3","pages":"359-361"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12032598/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144063545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burden of sleep deprivation among healthcare professionals in India: The SNORE study.","authors":"Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan, A Y Nirupama, G Ravivarman","doi":"10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_14_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_14_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>SNORE (Sleep deprivation among Night shift health staff On Rotation- Evaluation) was a hospital-based observational study conducted to study the effects of sleep deprivation on healthcare professionals working night shifts on rotation.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study determines the burden of sleep deprivation and daytime sleepiness and also the relation between hours of sleep and Epworth sleepiness scale scores in the study population.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A comparative hospital-based observational study was conducted, including healthcare professionals working night shifts on rotation at a tertiary-level healthcare facility, using a semistructured questionnaire. Observations from 293 study participants are reported, selected based on stratified random sampling, after the exclusion of healthcare professionals with other factors which may interfere with sleep deprivation testing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age in years of the study participants is 27.9 ± 4.3, with female composition being 68.9%. The mean duration of self-reported hours of sleep during the night shift period was 5.43 ± 1.38 hours, and 82.3% of the study participants were found to be sleep-deprived (<7 hours of sleep). The mean Epworth sleepiness scale (EPSS) score is 6.25 ± 3.15 with the burden of sleep deprivation being 30.7% and the burden of excessive daytime sleepiness being 16.4%. EPSS scores were found to decrease with an increase in hours of sleep, with 61% lesser odds of scoring 8-24 on EPSS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the significant burden of sleep deprivation among healthcare providers working rotational night shifts, emphasizing its impact on daytime functioning and wellbeing. The findings point to the need for strategies to improve sleep health in this population to enhance both personal and professional outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":13345,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"67 3","pages":"333-339"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12032599/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144006551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Group intervention for intimate partner violence among female spouses of men with alcohol dependence syndrome: An open-label, single-group study.","authors":"Chinnadurai Periyasamy, Gitanjalai Narayanan, Sinu Ezhumalai","doi":"10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_641_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_641_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global public health problem. Alcohol dependence and IPV are interconnected. Group intervention may promote recovery from IPV.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To examine the outcomes of group intervention for female spouses of men with alcohol dependence syndrome (ADS) who experienced IPV.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An open-label, single-group quasiexperimental study was conducted with 44 women who experienced intimate partner violence. The study was conducted at a tertiary care teaching hospital. The group interventions consisted of daily one-hour sessions over six days, addressing trauma related to IPV, psychoeducation, the need for treatment adherence, skills to prevent IPV, safety plans, self-care, resource mapping, and networking. A Composite Abuse Scale shorter version was used for screening for IPV. Psychological stress, wellbeing, social support, and help-seeking behavior scales were assessed before and after one month of the group intervention. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests was used to analyze the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of IPV survivors was 34 years (±7). All the participants experienced physical, psychological, and sexual forms of IPV. post-test revealed a significant reduction in violence frequency (z = -4.938, <i>p</i> < 0.001), perceived stress (z = -4.776, <i>p</i> < 0.001), improved social support (z = -2.079, <i>p</i> = 0.038), help-seeking behavior (z = -3.634, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and psychological wellbeing (z = -4.759, <i>p</i> < 0.001) after the group intervention.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Group intervention reduces the frequency of IPV and stress levels and enhances help-seeking behavior, psychological wellbeing, and social support among IPV survivors.</p>","PeriodicalId":13345,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"67 3","pages":"340-345"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12032593/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144008864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute psychosis due to brucellosis.","authors":"Mansoor C Abdullah, Mohamed Omer H Hamid, Malik M Akbar Saeed","doi":"10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_1104_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_1104_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13345,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"67 3","pages":"361-362"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12032601/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143993961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}