Indian Journal of Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Inflammatory markers and cognitive deficits in first-episode psychoses - A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Sanjana S Jaiswal, Sushil Gawande, Vivek C Kirpekar","doi":"10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_507_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_507_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The first episode psychosis (FEP) is diagnosed when an individual exhibits signs of psychosis for the first time in a clinical setting. Various studies have observed elevated inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1B, Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) alpha, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in FEP. Cognitive deficits manifest early in patients with psychosis and contribute to poor clinical outcomes. Research indicates that cognitive deficits are linked to increased inflammatory biomarkers IL-6, IL1B, TNF-alpha, CRP).</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate the serum levels of inflammatory markers and severity of cognitive impairment in individuals with first-episode psychoses and to identify any potential associations between inflammatory markers and cognitive decline.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty drug-naïve patients with FEP visiting the department of Psychiatry at a tertiary care hospital were enrolled following permission from the Institutional Ethics Committee. After obtaining informed consent, they were interviewed using a semi-structured proforma and assessed using DSM-5. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale and Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) assessed cognitive deficits. CRP, ESR, and NLR levels were measured, and the data collected were tabulated and statistically analyzed.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Out of 50 participants, 46% had elevated serum CRP levels, and 90% had elevated Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio levels well above clinical cut-offs. Most participants had normal ESR levels, and no vital association was seen between raised inflammatory markers and cognitive deficits.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients with First Episode Psychosis had raised levels of inflammatory markers like CRP and NLR. This could be due to neuroinflammation, contributing to the development of psychosis. The study observed cognitive deficits in First Episode Psychosis to be poorly associated with inflammatory markers.</p>","PeriodicalId":13345,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"67 5","pages":"498-504"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12118800/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144180167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond regulation: Reimagining India's narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances policy with public health perspective.","authors":"Amol Sahasrabuddhe, Neetu Purohit","doi":"10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_818_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_818_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13345,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"67 5","pages":"528-534"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12118791/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144179902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychiatric complications of androgenic-anabolic steroid use in powerlifters.","authors":"Shu-Fen Lin, Chia-Hsiang Chan, Chia-Heng Lin","doi":"10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_236_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_236_25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13345,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"67 5","pages":"542-544"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12118788/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144183056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Voritoxetine induced generalised pruritus: A preventable incident.","authors":"Ayesmita Roy, Sambit Chatterjee, Anupam Das","doi":"10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_1075_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_1075_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13345,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"67 5","pages":"544-545"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12118795/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144179976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parents' experiences on the management of the process after sexual abuse of their children in northern region of Turkey: Qualitative study.","authors":"Nurten G Bayrak, Sevda Uzun","doi":"10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_1039_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_1039_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Child abuse is a universal problem with medical, legal, and psychosocial dimensions that every child is at risk of encountering all over the world.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of this study was to evaluate the experiences of parents regarding the management of the process after sexual abuse of their children using a qualitative approach.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this qualitative study, semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with the parents of 15 children who were exposed to qualified sexual abuse living in a city in Northern Turkey. Criterion sampling method, one of the purposive sampling methods, was used to reach the sample group. Interviews continued until data saturation was achieved. All interviews were audio recorded and then transcribed. The data of the study were evaluated using thematic analysis. The study was conducted and reported according to the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ) checklist.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the analysis of the data, three themes (effects of child sexual abuse on the family, sexual abuse and process management, and attitudes and approaches to the child after sexual abuse), and nine sub-themes (mental, physical, social, reactions, difficulties experienced, coping, cognitive dimension, emotional dimension, behavioral dimension) were identified.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>As a result of the study, it was determined that parents were negatively affected psychologically by the sexual abuse of their children. This study reveals that the concept of family is very important in all aspects of the sexual abuse of children. As a result of the study, it was determined that families were not very effective in process management and some parents blamed themselves for the incident they experienced.</p>","PeriodicalId":13345,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"67 5","pages":"487-497"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12118796/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144181027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Translational significance of neurodevelopment underpinned 'neurophysiological-cognitive' biomarkers in schizophrenia.","authors":"Sai Krishna Tikka","doi":"10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_310_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_310_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biomarker research helps validate diagnostic entities that are otherwise based on pure clinical sense and prone to subjectivity bias. Biomarker research in the field of schizophrenia and psychoses dates back to more than a century. However, the focus on 'translational' biomarkers in schizophrenia is a more recent one, dating to the turn of the last century. The translational biomarker research in schizophrenia encompasses diagnostic markers, endophenotypes, and theranostic markers. A prime objective of translational biomarkers in schizophrenia is to enhance the field of identification of high-risk states and prevent the onset of illness. The two-hit theory within the neurodevelopmental hypothesis that also takes into account the role of neuroinflammation has by far been the major contributor to the genesis of several translational biomarkers in schizophrenia. Several neurophysiological biomarkers have been identified based on the two-hit theory. Also, identification of electrophysiological biomarkers, specifically electroencephalographic (EEG), both resting state and task-driven, is more feasible in low-cost settings. Furthermore, proof-of-concept trials including the combined use of biomarkers and novel treatment strategies and the use of bioinformatics and computational intelligence for improving theranostics fall under the broad rubric of translational biomarker research in schizophrenia. This oration is a narrative review of various translational biomarkers in schizophrenia with a focus on neurodevelopmentally based cognitive-electrophysiological measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":13345,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"67 5","pages":"482-486"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12118792/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144181823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case series on neurocysticercosis without seizures in alcohol-dependent patients.","authors":"Mohd R Alam, Richa Tripathi, Hina Bano, Manoj Prithviraj","doi":"10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_910_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_910_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cysticercosis, caused by the larval form of Taenia solium, is a major public health concern in developing countries, driven by poor sanitation and unsafe food practices. Neurocysticercosis (NCC), the form that affects the central nervous system, is a leading preventable cause of epilepsy worldwide. Seizures are the most common manifestation of NCC, particularly in parenchymal involvement. However, NCC is a pleomorphic disease, and its clinical manifestations depend on the location, number, and stage of cysts as well as host immune responses.</p><p><strong>Cases: </strong>This case series reports three patients with long-term alcohol dependence who developed extensive NCC without experiencing seizures-an unusual presentation. All three patients, aged 28 to 50 years, had a history of chronic alcohol consumption and presented with neuropsychiatric symptoms, including headaches, hallucinations, confusion, and gait disturbances. Neuroimaging revealed widespread cystic lesions consistent with NCC. While seizures are expected in such cases, none of the patients exhibited them. The absence of seizures may relate to alcohol's complex modulation of immune function and neuronal excitability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These cases underscore the importance of detailed neurological evaluation in alcohol-dependent patients, particularly with atypical symptoms. Neuroimaging plays a pivotal role in diagnosing NCC, which can present without its most common hallmark symptom-seizures.</p>","PeriodicalId":13345,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"67 5","pages":"522-527"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12118786/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144182109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Streamlining poster sessions: Tips for organisers.","authors":"Shahul Ameen, Suhas Chandran, Sai Krishna Tikka, Vikas Menon, Samir K Praharaj, Sujit Sarkhel","doi":"10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_383_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_383_25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13345,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"67 5","pages":"453-458"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12118797/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144181784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mindfulness in treatment-seeking adults with comorbid obsessive-compulsive and major depressive disorders: Mediating effects of obsessive beliefs and mental well-being.","authors":"Mohammad Asif Sheikh, Thaddeus Alfonso","doi":"10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_102_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_102_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mindfulness-based interventions have shown promise in alleviating symptoms associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the specific mechanisms that drive these effects, mainly through obsessive beliefs and mental well-being, are seldom examined.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To explore the mechanisms by which mindfulness influences symptom severity in adults with comorbid OCD and MDD, focusing on the mediating roles of obsessive beliefs and mental well-being.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Primary data from 60 treatment-seeking adults with comorbid OCD and MDD were analyzed. Ordinary least-squares path analysis was employed to examine the mediating roles of obsessive beliefs and mental well-being in the relationship between mindfulness and the severity of OCD and MDD symptoms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mindfulness was significantly associated with reduced symptom severity for both OCD (β = - 0.40, <i>P</i> < 0.001) and MDD (β = - 0.49, <i>P</i> < 0.001). For MDD, obsessive beliefs (β = - 0.20, <i>P</i> < 0.001) and mental well-being (β = - 0.33, <i>P</i> < 0.001) significantly mediated the relationship. In contrast, no significant indirect effects were observed for OCD symptoms through obsessive beliefs (β = - 0.10, <i>P</i> = 0.16) or mental well-being (β = - 0.08, <i>P</i> = 0.20).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings highlight the distinct mechanisms of mindfulness in comorbid OCD and MDD, underscoring the importance of customized interventions based on specific pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":13345,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"67 5","pages":"513-521"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12118798/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144182336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An online study to understand chemsex in India.","authors":"Varsha Sriperambudoori, Siddharth Sarkar, Anju Dhawan","doi":"10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_1121_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_1121_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>While chemsex has been studied in several parts of the world, it has been an under-studied area in India. Anecdotally, use of substances in the context of sexual encounters has been increasing in India, especially in the population of men having sex with men.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>In the background of limited literature in India, this online survey aimed to assess facets related to chemsex in the country.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This online survey initiated from Delhi recruited participants through social media using snowball sampling. Adult Indian citizens, who had at least one sexual experience were asked about chemsex, which was operationally defined as use of substances to experiences initiate, facilitate, improve, and prolong sexual experiences (except alcohol, tobacco, or cannabis). Relevant demographic and sexual history were also collected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 136 recruited participants (75.7% males, 44.1% self-identified as homosexual), chemsex was present in 46 participants (33.8% of the sample). \"Meth,\" \"Yaba\" or \"Ice\" was the commonest substances reported to be used, followed by MDMA, poppers and cocaine. Twenty-one individuals (i.e., 45.7% of the participants having chemsex) were also involved in slamsex. About two thirds of those who had chemsex had reported that their partners also used drugs or substances. The commonest motivation was to improve sexual pleasure. Adverse experiences were also reported, with gaps in memory and feelings of fear or anxiety being the commonest. Chemsex was more common in individuals who had greater number of partners, had indulged in group sex, had tested HIV positive, had sexually transmitted infections, or have had taken Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The survey findings highlight the pattern of chemsex in the Indian population. With the constraints of sampling, the study suggests that risk mitigation strategies may be contemplated for individuals who indulge in use of drugs (especially injection drug use) to facilitate sexual intercourse.</p>","PeriodicalId":13345,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"67 5","pages":"505-512"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12118789/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144181818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}