{"title":"Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Intelligent Reflecting Surface Optimization for TDD Multi-User MIMO Systems","authors":"Fengyu Zhao;Wen Chen;Ziwei Liu;Jun Li;Qingqing Wu","doi":"10.1109/LWC.2023.3301496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LWC.2023.3301496","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, we investigate the discrete phase shift design of the intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) in a time-division duplexing (TDD) multi-user multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) system. We modify the design of deep reinforcement learning (DRL) scheme so that we can maximizing the average downlink data transmission rate free from the sub-channel channel state information (CSI). Based on the characteristics of the model, we modify the “proximal policy optimization (PPO)” algorithm and integrate gated recurrent unit (GRU) to tackle the non-convex optimization problem. Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed PPO-GRU surpasses the benchmarks in terms of performance, convergence speed, and training stability.","PeriodicalId":13343,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","volume":"12 11","pages":"1951-1955"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71903015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Power Minimization for Double Cooperative-RIS-Assisted Uplink NOMA System","authors":"Haochun Ma;Hong Wang;Haitao Zhao;Shen Fu","doi":"10.1109/LWC.2023.3301172","DOIUrl":"10.1109/LWC.2023.3301172","url":null,"abstract":"As a cutting-edge technique of the sixth generation mobile communication, reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is compatible with many existing technologies very well. In the existing literature, the inter-RIS reflecting signals are usually ignored for simplification. In this letter, we consider a double cooperative-RIS-assisted uplink non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system with inter-RIS reflections. Then, we formulate an optimization problem of minimizing the total transmission power for cooperative-RIS-assisted NOMA uplinks. In order to simplify the original problem, we derive the relationship between the optimal transmission power and the phase shifts. Besides, a block coordinate descent (BCD) method is proposed to optimize the phase shifts of the two RISs alternatively. The simulation results show that the proposed optimization algorithm achieves better performance than the existing ones.","PeriodicalId":13343,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","volume":"12 11","pages":"1946-1950"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62414042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Next-Generation RIS: From Single to Multiple Functions","authors":"Ailing Zheng;Wanli Ni;Wen Wang;Hui Tian","doi":"10.1109/LWC.2023.3300461","DOIUrl":"10.1109/LWC.2023.3300461","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, we propose a next-generation reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) architecture, termed multi-functional RIS (MF-RIS), which enables signal reflection, refraction and amplification simultaneously to overcome the challenges, such as half-space coverage and double-fading attenuation. In order to investigate the performance of MF-RIS, we aim at maximizing the sum-rate in an MF-RIS-aided non-orthogonal multiple access network with discrete phase shifts, where three practical operating protocols, namely energy splitting (ES), mode switching (MS), and time switching (TS), are studied. Then, an efficient iterative algorithm is developed to tackle the formulated non-convex problem, where the transmit beamforming and MF-RIS coefficients are designed jointly by solving a series of semidefinite programming problems. Simulation results show that: 1) The proposed MF-RIS-assisted NOMA network provides 57% and 41% sum-rate gains than single- and dual-functional RISs, respectively; 2) The TS protocol outperforms the ES and MS counterparts.","PeriodicalId":13343,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","volume":"12 12","pages":"1988-1992"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62414001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Matrix Reconstruction Algorithm-Assisted Multi-Carrier DCSK Scheme: An Effective Solution for Frequency-Selective Fading Channel","authors":"Yiwei Tao;Yi Fang;Pingping Chen;Huan Ma;Mohsen Guizani","doi":"10.1109/LWC.2023.3300353","DOIUrl":"10.1109/LWC.2023.3300353","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, we develop a matrix reconstruction algorithm-assisted multi-carrier differential chaos shift keying (DCSK) scheme, named MRA-MC-DCSK scheme. Especially, the frequency-selective fading channel is considered in the proposed scheme. We establish a matrix reconstruction algorithm (MRA) to reconstruct the information-bearing signal, which can solve the performance deterioration of the conventional MC-DCSK system over the frequency selective fading channels. Moreover, the designed MRA-MC-DCSK system can achieve the frequency diversity by the reconstructed transmitted symbol. We further analyze the theoretical bit error rate (BER) expressions of the designed MRA-MC-DCSK scheme over the frequency selective multipath Rayleigh fading channels. Finally, we preform various Monte-Carlo experiments to evaluate the performance of the MRA-MC-DCSK. Simulation results demonstrate the validity of the BER analysis and the benefits of the designed MRA-MC-DCSK scheme over the conventional MC-DCSK scheme.","PeriodicalId":13343,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","volume":"12 11","pages":"1941-1945"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62414442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Joint Channel Estimation and Equalization in Massive MIMO Using a Single Pilot Subcarrier","authors":"Danilo Lelin Li;Arman Farhang","doi":"10.1109/LWC.2023.3299414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LWC.2023.3299414","url":null,"abstract":"The focus of this letter is on the reduction of the large pilot overhead in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. We propose a novel joint channel estimation and equalization technique that requires only one pilot subcarrier, reducing the pilot overhead by orders of magnitude. We take advantage of the coherence bandwidth spanning over multiple subcarrier bands. This allows for a band of subcarriers to be equalized with the channel frequency response (CFR) at a single subcarrier. Subsequently, the detected data symbols are considered as virtual pilots, and their CFRs are updated without additional pilot overhead. Thereafter, the remaining channel estimation and equalization can be performed in a sliding manner. With this approach, we use multiple channel estimates to equalize the data at each subcarrier. This allows us to take advantage of frequency diversity and improve the detection performance. Finally, we corroborate the above claims through extensive numerical analysis, showing the superior performance of our proposed technique compared to conventional methods.","PeriodicalId":13343,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","volume":"12 11","pages":"1931-1935"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10195975","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71903014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yong Zhu;Jie Ma;Yiming Yu;Songtao Gao;Haiming Wang
{"title":"Deep Learning-Based Cluster Delay Estimation Using Prior Sparsity","authors":"Yong Zhu;Jie Ma;Yiming Yu;Songtao Gao;Haiming Wang","doi":"10.1109/LWC.2023.3299451","DOIUrl":"10.1109/LWC.2023.3299451","url":null,"abstract":"A deep learning (DL)-based cluster delay estimation method using prior sparsity is proposed. Firstly, the columns of the covariance matrix of channel frequency response in the time delay domain are formulated as undersampled noisy linear measurements of the delay spectrum. Then, a deep convolutional network (DCN) is used to recover the delay spectrum from the measurement vector. Compared with conventional model-driven methods, the proposed data-driven DCN can be used to estimate cluster delays with smaller delay intervals and also has an excellent generalization ability. Finally, numerical results show that the proposed DL-based delay estimation method has advantages in both precision and computational efficiency.","PeriodicalId":13343,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","volume":"12 11","pages":"1936-1940"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62414426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Placido Mursia;Sendy Phang;Vincenzo Sciancalepore;Gabriele Gradoni;Marco Di Renzo
{"title":"SARIS: Scattering Aware Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Model and Optimization for Complex Propagation Channels","authors":"Placido Mursia;Sendy Phang;Vincenzo Sciancalepore;Gabriele Gradoni;Marco Di Renzo","doi":"10.1109/LWC.2023.3299304","DOIUrl":"10.1109/LWC.2023.3299304","url":null,"abstract":"The reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is an emerging technology that changes how wireless networks are perceived, therefore its potential benefits and applications are currently under intense research and investigation. In this letter, we focus on electromagnetically consistent models for RISs inheriting from a recently proposed model based on mutually coupled loaded wire dipoles. While existing related research focuses on free-space wireless channels thereby ignoring interactions between RIS and scattering objects present in the propagation environment, we introduce an RIS-aided channel model that is applicable to more realistic scenarios, where the scattering objects are modeled as loaded wire dipoles. By adjusting the parameters of the wire dipoles, the properties of general natural and engineered material objects can be modeled. Based on this model, we introduce a provably convergent and efficient iterative algorithm that jointly optimizes the RIS and transmitter configurations to maximize the system sum-rate. Extensive numerical results show the net performance improvement provided by the proposed method compared with existing optimization algorithms.","PeriodicalId":13343,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","volume":"12 11","pages":"1921-1925"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49338406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hierarchical Codebook Design for Near-Field mmWave MIMO Communications Systems","authors":"Jiawei Chen;Feifei Gao;Mengnan Jian;Wanmai Yuan","doi":"10.1109/LWC.2023.3299354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LWC.2023.3299354","url":null,"abstract":"Communications system with analog or hybrid analog/digital architectures usually relies on a pre-defined codebook to perform beamforming. With the increase in the size of the antenna array, the characteristics of the spherical wavefront in the near-field situation are not negligible. Therefore, it is necessary to design a codebook that is adaptive to near-field scenarios. In this letter, we investigate the hierarchical codebook design method in the near-field situation. We develop a steering beam gain approximation method and design the lower-layer codebook to provide coverage for the Fresnel region. For the upper-layer codebook, we propose beam rotation and beam relocation methods to place an arbitrary beam pattern to a target location. The simulation results show the superiority of the proposed near-field hierarchical codebook design.","PeriodicalId":13343,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","volume":"12 11","pages":"1926-1930"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71903060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multiple Access for Downlink Multi-User VLC System: NOMA or OMA User Pairing?","authors":"Zehao Liu;Fang Yang;Jian Song;Zhu Han","doi":"10.1109/LWC.2023.3299115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LWC.2023.3299115","url":null,"abstract":"Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is regarded as one of the primary enabling candidates for fifth-generation cellular systems. In this letter, we compare NOMA with orthogonal multiple access (OMA) for visible light communication (VLC) systems, and show that the relationship between NOMA and OMA in VLC is different from that in radio frequency (RF) systems, since the traditional Shannon formula is not suitable for expressing the system capacity of VLC. Moreover, we propose a hybrid NOMA and OMA scheme for VLC according to two user pairing guidelines. In order to maximize the achievable sum rate, a permutation-based genetic algorithm with low complexity is proposed to optimize user pairings in the hybrid NOMA and OMA scheme. Simulation results demonstrate that considerable performance gains can be achieved by the proposed genetic algorithm compared to other baseline schemes.","PeriodicalId":13343,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","volume":"12 11","pages":"1916-1920"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71903487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"SEFDM Based Index Modulation on OFDM-IM","authors":"Muhammad Sajid Sarwar;Soo Young Shin","doi":"10.1109/LWC.2023.3298918","DOIUrl":"10.1109/LWC.2023.3298918","url":null,"abstract":"This letter proposes spectrally efficient frequency division multiplexing (SEFDM) combined with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) using index modulation (IM). The conventional OFDM-IM provides energy efficiency but results in data rate (DR) loss because of inactive subcarriers. The coexistence of OFDM and SEFDM using IM (OFDM-SEM) improves the DR by avoiding frequency resource deactivation. OFDM-SEM outperforms classical OFDM-IM and SEFDM-IM in terms of bit error rate when evaluated at the same DR. The impact of intercarrier interference on OFDM-SEM and a possible solution through a pulse-shaping filter are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":13343,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","volume":"12 11","pages":"1906-1910"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62414319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}