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OFDM-Based OOK Transceiver for Threshold-Free Detection for WUR and Ambient IoT Applications 用于WUR和环境物联网应用的无阈值检测的基于ofdm的OOK收发器
IF 5.5 3区 计算机科学
IEEE Wireless Communications Letters Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1109/LWC.2026.3651668
Hadj Mebarek Zegrar;Salah Eddine Zegrar;Hüseyin Arslan
{"title":"OFDM-Based OOK Transceiver for Threshold-Free Detection for WUR and Ambient IoT Applications","authors":"Hadj Mebarek Zegrar;Salah Eddine Zegrar;Hüseyin Arslan","doi":"10.1109/LWC.2026.3651668","DOIUrl":"10.1109/LWC.2026.3651668","url":null,"abstract":"The wake up radio (WuR) technology represents a significant advancement in low-power wireless communication, enabling the main radio of a low-power device to remain in deep sleep mode until it is awakened by the WuR, which, in turn, is triggered upon detecting a specific wake up signal (WuS). Despite its benefits, the detection of the WuS remains energy-inefficient in practice. This letter proposes an enhanced method for WuS generation and detection based on a least square (LS) approach. The proposed scheme employs two frequency bands to simultaneously generate an On-Off Keying (OOK) sequence and its inverted version. At the receiver side, non-coherent parallel energy detectors are utilized, allowing a simple energy comparison to recover the embedded OOK information. Theoretical bit error rate (BER) expressions are derived and analyzed, and the performance of the proposed technique is compared to that of conventional threshold-based detection method.","PeriodicalId":13343,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","volume":"15 ","pages":"1290-1294"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145908036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Modified Three-Ray Model for Maritime Wireless Communication With Evaporation Ducts 一种改进的带有蒸发管的海上无线通信三射线模型
IF 5.5 3区 计算机科学
IEEE Wireless Communications Letters Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1109/LWC.2026.3651568
Ju Feng;Zhongyi Zhang;Yousheng Yi;Yuping Shang
{"title":"A Modified Three-Ray Model for Maritime Wireless Communication With Evaporation Ducts","authors":"Ju Feng;Zhongyi Zhang;Yousheng Yi;Yuping Shang","doi":"10.1109/LWC.2026.3651568","DOIUrl":"10.1109/LWC.2026.3651568","url":null,"abstract":"Evaporation ducts which extend long-distance coverage and enhance maritime communication quality hold significant potential for 6G broadband communications. The recent three-ray maritime channel model—incorporating rough sea reflections, wave-induced fading, Earth curvature divergence, and evaporation duct trapping—aligns well with high-frequency (5.25–12.74 GHz) measurements but exhibits significant errors at low-frequency (2.02–4.50 GHz) due to unaccounted evaporation duct leakage. To address this issue, a modified model has been developed. Guided by Huygens-Fresnel’s principle, the inherent correlation between evaporation duct leakage and electromagnetic wave angular spectrum expansion is analyzed. The parabolic equation method is then employed to quantitatively characterize this correlation, based on which an evaporation duct propagation attenuation factor is derived and further incorporated into a frequency-dependent modified three-ray path loss model. Shore-to-ship measurements verify this model, showing excellent agreement at high frequencies comparable to the latest three-ray model and better agreement at low frequencies, demonstrating superior predictive performance.","PeriodicalId":13343,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","volume":"15 ","pages":"1300-1304"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145908035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Scaling Text-Based Semantic Communication Systems With Heterogeneous Mixture of Experts 基于文本的异构混合专家语义通信系统的扩展
IF 5.5 3区 计算机科学
IEEE Wireless Communications Letters Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1109/LWC.2026.3651417
Duc N. M. Hoang;Long Bao Le;Zakaria Abou El Houda
{"title":"Scaling Text-Based Semantic Communication Systems With Heterogeneous Mixture of Experts","authors":"Duc N. M. Hoang;Long Bao Le;Zakaria Abou El Houda","doi":"10.1109/LWC.2026.3651417","DOIUrl":"10.1109/LWC.2026.3651417","url":null,"abstract":"To address scalability in semantic communication (SC), we propose a novel heterogeneous Mixture-of-Experts (HMoE)-based SC (HMoE-SC) design, particularly for text-based systems. Our model employs a heterogeneous expert pool and a channel-aware gating mechanism that dynamically selects experts to efficiently deal with the input token complexity and enhance the robustness against adverse channel conditions. This enables efficient scaling of model capacity, activating lightweight experts in favorable scenarios and larger ones when needed, thereby balancing task performance and computational efficiency. Experimental results on a semantic similarity classification task using the Quora Question Pairs dataset confirm our HMoE-SC design improves semantic accuracy while efficiently reducing inference cost compared to the state-of-the-art models.","PeriodicalId":13343,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","volume":"15 ","pages":"1255-1259"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145908402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Robust Design for STAR-RIS Assisted Over-the-Air Computation Systems With Imperfect CSI 具有不完美CSI的STAR-RIS辅助空中计算系统的鲁棒设计
IF 5.5 3区 计算机科学
IEEE Wireless Communications Letters Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1109/LWC.2026.3651435
Qian Pan;Xiongfei Zhai;Guojun Han
{"title":"Robust Design for STAR-RIS Assisted Over-the-Air Computation Systems With Imperfect CSI","authors":"Qian Pan;Xiongfei Zhai;Guojun Han","doi":"10.1109/LWC.2026.3651435","DOIUrl":"10.1109/LWC.2026.3651435","url":null,"abstract":"Over-the-air computation (AirComp) is a technology that exploits the superposition properties of wireless channels to integrate communication and computation. To improve the performance of AirComp, simultaneously transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surface (STAR-RIS) is employed to provide a full-plane coverage. However, the CSI estimation is challenging, while the imperfect CSI degrades the performance of AirComp. Then, to address this issue, in this letter we investigate the robust beamforming design for STAR-RIS assisted AirComp system. Specifically, both the imperfect CSI of cascaded channels and direct channels are considered with a bounded CSI-error-uncertainty. In this letter, we aim at optimizing the computation accuracy in the worst case of CSI error. To solve this intractable max-min problem, we propose an alternating optimization algorithm based on the Lagrange multiplier method and the binary property of transmit/reflect coefficient vectors at the STAR-RIS. Simulation results show that the our algorithm approaches the lower bound where the perfect CSI is assumed.","PeriodicalId":13343,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","volume":"15 ","pages":"1265-1269"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145908041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Hierarchical MADRL Framework for Joint Resource Allocation and Trajectory Design in UAV Enabled Multi-Static ISAC Networks 无人机多静态ISAC网络联合资源分配与轨迹设计的分层MADRL框架
IF 5.5 3区 计算机科学
IEEE Wireless Communications Letters Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1109/LWC.2026.3651444
Zhaowei Wang;Jianwei Zhao;Fang He;Weimin Jia;Wei Jin;Qihui Wu
{"title":"A Hierarchical MADRL Framework for Joint Resource Allocation and Trajectory Design in UAV Enabled Multi-Static ISAC Networks","authors":"Zhaowei Wang;Jianwei Zhao;Fang He;Weimin Jia;Wei Jin;Qihui Wu","doi":"10.1109/LWC.2026.3651444","DOIUrl":"10.1109/LWC.2026.3651444","url":null,"abstract":"UAV enabled integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) networks is a promising paradigm. This letter proposes a hierarchical multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (MADRL) framework to jointly optimize user association, UAV trajectory, and power allocation in UAV-ISAC networks. Specifically, a multi-agent deep Q-network (MADQN) is proposed to handle discrete user association decisions, while a multi-agent proximal policy optimization (MAPPO) algorithm is designed to manage continuous trajectory and power control. To enhance long-term decision-making, a long short-term memory (LSTM) layer is incorporated to capture temporal dependencies in UAV mobility and environmental states. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach significantly improves both communication throughput and sensing performance compared to other methods.","PeriodicalId":13343,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","volume":"15 ","pages":"1325-1329"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145908038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Slow Fluid Antenna Multiple Access With Multiport Receivers 慢流体天线多址与多端口接收器
IF 5.5 3区 计算机科学
IEEE Wireless Communications Letters Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1109/LWC.2026.3651420
José P. González-Coma;F. Javier López-Martínez
{"title":"Slow Fluid Antenna Multiple Access With Multiport Receivers","authors":"José P. González-Coma;F. Javier López-Martínez","doi":"10.1109/LWC.2026.3651420","DOIUrl":"10.1109/LWC.2026.3651420","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate whether equipping fluid-antenna (FA) receivers with multiple (<inline-formula> <tex-math>${L}~gt 1$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) radiofrequency (RF) chains can improve the performance of the slow fluid-antenna multiple access (FAMA) technique, which enables open-loop connectivity with channel state information (CSI) available only at the receiver side. We analyze the case of slow-FAMA users equipped with multiport receivers, so that <inline-formula> <tex-math>$L$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ports of the FA are selected and combined to reduce interference. We show that a joint design of the port selection matrix and the combining vector at each receiver yields significant performance gains over reference schemes, demonstrating the potential of multiport reception in FA systems with a limited number of RF chains.","PeriodicalId":13343,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","volume":"15 ","pages":"1280-1284"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145908037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Position Optimization for Two-Layer Movable Antenna Systems 双层可移动天线系统的位置优化
IF 5.5 3区 计算机科学
IEEE Wireless Communications Letters Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1109/LWC.2026.3651470
Liujia Yao;Changsheng You;Chao Zhou;Beixiong Zheng;Weidong Mei
{"title":"Position Optimization for Two-Layer Movable Antenna Systems","authors":"Liujia Yao;Changsheng You;Chao Zhou;Beixiong Zheng;Weidong Mei","doi":"10.1109/LWC.2026.3651470","DOIUrl":"10.1109/LWC.2026.3651470","url":null,"abstract":"Movable antenna (MA) is a promising technology for improving the performance of wireless communication systems by providing new degrees-of-freedom (DoFs) in antenna position optimization. However, existing works on MA systems have mostly considered element-wise single-layer MA (SL-MA) arrays, where all the MAs move within a prescribed movable region, hence inevitably incurring high control complexity and hardware cost in practice. To address this issue, we propose in this letter a new two-layer MA array (TL-MA), where the positions of MAs are jointly determined by the large-scale movement of multiple subarrays and the small-scale fine-tuning of per-subarray MAs. In particular, an optimization problem is formulated to maximize the sum-rate of the TL-MA-aided communication system by jointly optimizing the subarray-positions, per-subarray (relative) MA positions, and receive beamforming. To solve this non-convex problem, we propose an alternating optimization (AO)-based particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, which alternately optimizes the positions of subarrays and per-subarray MAs, given the optimal receive beamforming. Numerical results verify that the proposed TL-MA significantly reduces the sum-displacement of MA motors (i.e., the total moving distances of all motors) of element-wise SL-MA, while achieving comparable rate performance.","PeriodicalId":13343,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","volume":"15 ","pages":"1270-1274"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145908039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
UAV-Assisted Data Collection System Based on Rate-Splitting Multiple Access 基于分频多址的无人机辅助数据采集系统
IF 5.5 3区 计算机科学
IEEE Wireless Communications Letters Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1109/LWC.2026.3651270
Zhongyu Wang;Zhiming Liu;Yijie Mao;Jie Zeng;Tiejun Lv
{"title":"UAV-Assisted Data Collection System Based on Rate-Splitting Multiple Access","authors":"Zhongyu Wang;Zhiming Liu;Yijie Mao;Jie Zeng;Tiejun Lv","doi":"10.1109/LWC.2026.3651270","DOIUrl":"10.1109/LWC.2026.3651270","url":null,"abstract":"This letter investigates an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-assisted uplink data collection system empowered by rate-splitting multiple access (RSMA). To better reflect practical deployment scenarios, the system model incorporates both geometry-induced blockage effects and imperfect channel state information (CSI). Aiming to enhance max-min fairness (MMF) among ground sensors, we formulate a joint optimization of the sensor transmit power, RSMA decoding order, and UAV hovering position. The resulting highly-coupled mixed-integer non-convex problem is challenging to solve. To tackle this, we develop a penalty-based successive convex approximation (SCA) framework that transforms the original problem into a sequence of efficiently solvable convex subproblems. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed RSMA scheme significantly outperforms conventional orthogonal multiple access (OMA) and non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) benchmarks in terms of max-min fairness, and robustness against CSI imperfections.","PeriodicalId":13343,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","volume":"15 ","pages":"1285-1289"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145908040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
ISAC Beamforming Design Based on a Matrix Nearness Formulation With Improved Efficiency 基于提高效率的矩阵接近公式的ISAC波束形成设计
IF 5.5 3区 计算机科学
IEEE Wireless Communications Letters Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1109/LWC.2026.3651195
Berkan Kilic;Kenan Turbic;Sławomir Stańczak
{"title":"ISAC Beamforming Design Based on a Matrix Nearness Formulation With Improved Efficiency","authors":"Berkan Kilic;Kenan Turbic;Sławomir Stańczak","doi":"10.1109/LWC.2026.3651195","DOIUrl":"10.1109/LWC.2026.3651195","url":null,"abstract":"We propose an integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) beamforming method that performs joint multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar sensing and multi-user MIMO communication. Our approach builds on a matrix nearness formulation of the MIMO radar problem and utilizes our recently proposed efficient solver, where the computational complexity is dominated by an eigenvalue decomposition (EVD) evaluation at each iteration. We extend this formulation to an ISAC scenario by incorporating minimum signal-to-noise ratio constraints as communication design criteria, only requiring statistical channel state information knowledge at base station. Furthermore, we propose a method to avoid the burdensome EVD evaluations in certain iterations, reducing the computation time by up to six times in a massive MIMO setting.","PeriodicalId":13343,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","volume":"15 ","pages":"1205-1209"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145902819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Fast Precoding Design Algorithm for MISO BC: An ADMM Approach 一种基于ADMM的MISO BC快速预编码设计算法
IF 5.5 3区 计算机科学
IEEE Wireless Communications Letters Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1109/LWC.2025.3650585
Jian Zhang;Ying Cui;Jianhua Ge;Chensi Zhang;Yongchao Wang;Bo Ai
{"title":"A Fast Precoding Design Algorithm for MISO BC: An ADMM Approach","authors":"Jian Zhang;Ying Cui;Jianhua Ge;Chensi Zhang;Yongchao Wang;Bo Ai","doi":"10.1109/LWC.2025.3650585","DOIUrl":"10.1109/LWC.2025.3650585","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, we propose a fast precoding design algorithm to solve the weighted sum rate (WSR) maximization problem with individual rate constraints for a multiple-input single-output broadcast channel (MISO BC), by employing the convex-concave procedure (CCP) approach and the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). The proposed algorithm attains the stationary point of the non-convex WSR problem and shares three salient features: only one matrix inversion, simple closed-form updates, and a parallel computational structure, particularly appealing for practical implementation. The numerical results demonstrate that our proposed algorithm achieves almost the maximum WSR but saves computing time by up to 98% compared to the state-of-the-art algorithms, revealing its practical importance.","PeriodicalId":13343,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","volume":"15 ","pages":"1200-1204"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145902820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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