Iforest - Biogeosciences and Forestry最新文献

{"title":"Climate-wise models of biomass productivity for hybrid poplar clones in Europe","authors":"S. Bianchi, Daesung Lee, S. Bergante, G. Facciotto, J. Hynynen, G. Nervo, A. Cutini","doi":"10.3832/ifor4211-016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3832/ifor4211-016","url":null,"abstract":"Renewable bioenergy has the potential to contribute sustainably to the energy sector. Forestry is the main source of biomass for energy in Europe, and poplar (genus Populus ) is widely used for short rotation coppice (SRC). Many studies have assessed poplar clones’ productivity but there is a lack of regional studies and links with the climate. We investigated the biomass productivity of twenty hybrid poplar clones for SRC. Clones were planted in sixteen locations across nine countries in Europe, although not all clones were replicated in all locations. In each location, clones were planted in three replicated plots. All plots were harvested after four years, and the aboveground dry biomass estimated. We fitted clone-specific linear mixed models of total aboveground dry biomass production at plot level as function of climatic variables. For many clones (eight) only annual heat moisture deficit negatively affected productivity, in few cases (3) together with a quadratic term for a smoother relationship. In some other clones (five) only the mean summer precipitation positively and linearly affected productivity. On average, the variance explained by the fixed effects in those models was 56%. For the remaining clones (seven), no climate variables resulted significant. Our study explicitly investigated the quantitative link between water availability and poplar SRC productivity, one of the most important known factors but not often studied with a modelling approach. Further, we show the most productive clones in dried conditions. We also highlight the need to larger scale regional experiments to produce models that can be used in climate change scenarios.","PeriodicalId":13323,"journal":{"name":"Iforest - Biogeosciences and Forestry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90523431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amazon forest biomass: intra- and interspecific variability in wood density drive divergences in Brazil’s far north","authors":"Hls Farias, Pacl Pequeno, W. A. Priyanka P. Silva, VF Melo, L. Carvalho, Rdo Perdiz, AC Citó, PM Fearnside, R. Barbosa","doi":"10.3832/ifor4137-016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3832/ifor4137-016","url":null,"abstract":"Wood density (WD) is an important functional trait of tree species. Understanding spatial WD variability as a function of environmental determinants improves our ability to estimate carbon stocks in the woody biomass of tropical forests. However, the role of each environmental variable affecting the in- tra-and interspecific variability of WD is not entirely clear for most forest ecosystems. In Amazonia there are recurrent uncertainties in estimates of regional woody biomass. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of environmental conditions on the intra-and interspecific variability of WD for tree assemblages in forests of the northern Brazilian Amazon. A single sample was extracted from each of 680 individuals (108 species, 82 genera, 38 families; stem diameter ≥10 cm) dispersed among 129 plots distributed along a hydro-edaphic gradient. General community-averaged WD (0.703 ± 0.133 g cm -3 ; range: 0.203 to 1.102 g cm -3 ) was high in relation to other Amazonian areas because 62% of the species and 69% of the sampled individuals had high WD values (>0.650 g cm -3 ). Altitude (a proxy for drainage), clay and soil micronutrient content explained 23% of the spatial variation in WD. Partitioning WD variation into species-substitution (turnover) and intraspecific-variation components slightly increased the explanatory power to 26%. The analysis of inter-specific variability showed that forests occurring in seasonally flooded areas are characterized by tree assemblages with species tolerant to P-poor soils, where mean WD (0.742 g cm -3 ) is about 4% higher than the mean (0.713 g cm -3 ) for tree assemblages on unflooded uplands where soils have less limitations from nutrient poverty. Our results represent an improvement in the estimates of biomass because they promote adjustments (1.4%-16.3%) to the previous estimates of woody biomass in the northern Brazilian Amazon forests considering different environmental conditions.","PeriodicalId":13323,"journal":{"name":"Iforest - Biogeosciences and Forestry","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90464673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial distribution of aboveground biomass stock in tropical dry forest in Brazil","authors":"HK Viana Santos, R. Borges De Lima, RL Figueiredo De Souza, D. Cardoso, PW Moonlight, T. Teixeira Silva, C. A. Pereira de Oliveira, FT Alves Júnior, E. Veenendaal, L. PAGANUCCI DE QUEIROZ, PM Rodrigues, RM Dos Santos, T. Sarkinen, A. de Paula, Pab Barreto-Garcia, T. Pennington, O. Phillips","doi":"10.3832/ifor4104-016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3832/ifor4104-016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13323,"journal":{"name":"Iforest - Biogeosciences and Forestry","volume":"72 6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89179678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The nurse-plant effect under the dislodgement stress of landslides","authors":"Jian-hong Yang, L. Chang, Kai-Chi Hsu, C. Fan, D. Doley, G. Song, Michael Song, G. Vacchiano","doi":"10.3832/ifor4017-015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3832/ifor4017-015","url":null,"abstract":"While the mitigating effects of trees on shallow landslide occurrence are well recognised, the impact of landslides on tree community structure and tree-tree interactions have received much less research attention. The structures of tree communities before and after landslides were compared in a 25-ha subtropical forest plot. Tree-tree interactions were examined by analysing the pre-and post-landslide spatial point patterns of large (DBH ≥ 20 cm) and small (1 cm ≤ DBH < 20 cm) tree cohorts. In landslide scarps, 35 (34%) of 104 large trees and 467 (13%) of 3,072 small trees survived. Large (L) and small (S) tree cohorts were paired together for spatial analyses, including pre-landslide ( PL ) (L PL -S PL ), surviving ( S ) (L S -S S ), and missing ( M ) large-small tree paired cohorts (L M - S M ). We randomly selected trees from the pre-landslide tree cohorts to create two virtual paired cohorts, the L 34% -S 13% and L 66% -S 87% paired cohorts, whose population sizes were identical to the field-observed L S -S S and L M -S M paired cohorts respectively, but with random spatial patterns. Post-landslide survival rates of trees increased monotonically with DBH. Large trees dislodged by landslides scarcely reduced small-tree survival. Evidence for this included: (i) the distance from small trees to the nearest large trees of the L M -S M paired cohort did not differ significantly from that of the virtual L 66% -S 87% paired cohort; (ii) survival rates of small trees near L M individuals did not differ significantly from those without large trees nearby. Surviving large trees had positive effects on the survival of small trees, indicated by: (i) the distance from small trees to the nearest large trees of the L S -S S paired cohort was significantly lower than that of the virtual L 34% -S 13% paired cohort; (ii) S S individuals clumped around L S individuals, whereas the virtual L 34% -S 13% spatial relationship was random. Large trees prevent landslide dislodgement of adjacent small trees through the nurse-plant effect. Our study suggests that landslide damage in sloping forests may be reduced simply by constantly maintaining a critical density of large trees.","PeriodicalId":13323,"journal":{"name":"Iforest - Biogeosciences and Forestry","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84549115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon neutrality of forest biomass for bioenergy: a scoping review","authors":"Egor Selivanov, P. Cudlín, P. Horáček, G. Alberti","doi":"10.3832/ifor4160-015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3832/ifor4160-015","url":null,"abstract":"The exploitation of forest biomass for bioenergy is commonly perceived as part of a broad strategy for climate change mitigation due to the view that forest biomass is carbon neutral. The aims of this study are to distinguish the most widely used definition of carbon neutrality and to identify the most frequently discussed aspects of the concept of carbon neutrality. This research is conducted in the form of a scoping review. The results of the scoping review demonstrated that there is no generally accepted definition of carbon neutrality. Eight main concepts of carbon neutrality were identified. The most frequently discussed aspects of the carbon neutrality concept were temporal and spatial boundaries, scenario-based assumptions, and the source of biomass feedstock. This research provides a comprehensive summary of the concept of carbon neutrality and contributes to the debate regarding forest biomass exploitation for bioenergy.","PeriodicalId":13323,"journal":{"name":"Iforest - Biogeosciences and Forestry","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90925071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-benefits of biomass and biodiversity in a protected mountain forest of West Java, Indonesia","authors":"A. Rozak, Ywc Kusuma, DI Junaedi","doi":"10.3832/ifor4068-015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3832/ifor4068-015","url":null,"abstract":"Tropical mountain forests are relatively less disturbed and store a large amount of carbon in tree biomass. A high level of species diversity compared to the boreal and temperate forests is also maintained and indicates a positive relationship with tree biomass on a small scale or at plot level. This study aimed to estimate above-ground biomass stocks (AGB) and disentangle the influence of forest structure and attributes on AGB in a small mountain forest. Forty 400 m² plots were randomly established in Takokak Nature Reserve (TNR), a 60-ha protected area at an elevation between 1150-1560 m a.s.l., located in West Java, Indonesia. All trees within the plot were identified, and their respective diameter at breast height (DBH) was measured. AGB was calculated using a global allometric model. Five independent variables, i.e. , stem density, stem density of large trees (DBH >50 cm), community weighted mean wood density, rarefied species richness, and Fisher’s alpha index, were analysed using a linear model. Our results showed that AGB in TNR was comparable to other forest types in Indonesia and acted as carbon storage in the mountain regions. AGB in the TNR reached 486 Mg ha -1 , of which 75% was contributed by large trees (DBH >50 cm). Three species, i.e. , Liquidambar excelsa (Altingiaceae) , Schima wallichii (Theaceae), and Lithocarpus sp. (Fagaceae), represent at least 70% of the total biomass in the study site. We also found that forest structures and traits, i.e. , stem density, stem density of large trees, and community weighted mean wood density, drive AGB variations but not tree diversity indices. However, although diversity indices were not correlated to AGB, we found that TNR is home for endemic and threatened species on the IUCN Red List. Therefore, we suggest that the management strategies of the tropical forests should include both the conservation of the carbon stock and biodiversity.","PeriodicalId":13323,"journal":{"name":"Iforest - Biogeosciences and Forestry","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88408386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects on soil physicochemical properties and seedling growth in mixed high forests caused by cable skidder traffic","authors":"R. Naghdi, F. Tavankar, A. Solgi, Mehrdad Nikooy, E. Marchi, R. Picchio, M. Romagnoli","doi":"10.3832/ifor4103-016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3832/ifor4103-016","url":null,"abstract":"The use of wheel skidders for timber extraction from tree stump to roadside landing has become more and more widespread. Although the use of wheel skidders has the advantages of high production and reduced extraction costs, it also damages the soil and impedes forest regeneration. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of machine traffic using the Timberjack 450C (two, six and 15 passes) on two slope classes (SC) of skid trails. A low slope is considered to be <20% and a high slope is at >20%. The effects on soil physicochemical properties and seedling growth (alder, Alnus subcordata C.A. Mey. and maple, Acer velutinum Boiss.) in natural mixed beech stands in the Hyrcanian forests in Northern Iran were observed and studied. The results showed that the different factors of traffic intensity (TI) and SC had a significant impact on soil physicochemical properties and subsequent seedling growth. After two machine passes in a low TI on both low and high slopes, soil bulk density (BD) increased by 49.3% and 59.2% and penetration resistance increased by 30.5% and 38.5%, while total porosity decreased by 19.5% and 23.5%. The forest floor decreased by 30.9% and 42%, organic carbon decreased by 25.6% and 39.4%, nitrogen decreased by 18.5% and 26.3%, phosphorus decreased by 14.1% and 23%, and potassium decreased by 10.7% and 24.2%, respectively as compared with the control area. Our results indicated additional BD increments after two, six and 15 machine passes of 49.3%, 17.9% and 8.3% in the low slope, respectively, and 59.2%, 16.5% and 7.1% in the high slope, respectively. The mean of the germination rate (GR) of alder and maple seedlings in the control area was 58.3% and 46.1%, respectively, while after two, six and 15 passes, the GR of alder seedlings reduced to 50%, 46.4% and 37.5%, respectively, while that of maple seedlings reduced to 36.1%, 28.6% and 25.6%, respectively. Additionally, after two machine passes, stem length, main root length, and total dry biomass decreased by 28.7%, 34.9% and 34% in alder seedlings, respectively, and 27.9%, 27.6% and 33.3% in maple seedlings, respectively. Comparison of the response of the two seedling species to soil compaction showed that although alder had a higher GR than maple, the root growth of maple was higher than that of alder.","PeriodicalId":13323,"journal":{"name":"Iforest - Biogeosciences and Forestry","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90242301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors of soil CO2 emission in boreal forests: evidence from Central Siberia","authors":"AV Makhnykina, II Tychkov, AS Prokushkin, Ai Pyzhev, E. Vaganov","doi":"10.3832/ifor4097-016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3832/ifor4097-016","url":null,"abstract":"Soils of boreal forests are crucial carbon reserves. The response of soil carbon emission to climate change significantly affects the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Soil carbon emission models frequently show a nonlinear response to temperature, but soil moisture is an important limiting factor, often overlooked in energy limited ecosystems. We suggest a statistical model of soil CO 2 emission constrained by soil moisture and temperature for different ecosystems in the boreal zone. We tested this modelling strategy us-ing direct measurements of seasonal soil CO 2 emission near the research ob-servatory ZOTTO near the Bor settlement, Central Siberia, Russia, in 2012-2017. Soil moisture explained a significant amount of variability of soil emission: the adjusted R 2 was twice higher than in the baseline model. Although the temperature-only model describes the annual variability of carbon dioxide emissions quite well, the addition of moisture measurement significantly re-fines the quality of prediction of the seasonal component dynamics. Models including both temperature and soil moisture could serve as a promising tool to analyze the carbon cycle in boreal forest ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":13323,"journal":{"name":"Iforest - Biogeosciences and Forestry","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77283677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological factors affecting the recent Picea abies decline in Slovenia: the importance of bedrock type and forest naturalness","authors":"Janez Kermavnar, L. Kutnar, Anže Martin Pintar, A. Vitali","doi":"10.3832/ifor4168-016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3832/ifor4168-016","url":null,"abstract":"Norway spruce ( Picea abies [L.] Karst.) has been at the centre of controversy for many decades. Recent evidence of its profound disturbance-induced damage and consequent stock depletions across forest landscapes in Europe has reinforced doubts regarding the sustainability and prospects of this tree species in the future. Like many other European countries, Slovenia has experienced significant Norway spruce mortality and a decrease in growing stock primarily as the result of several disturbance agents (bark beetle outbreaks, an ice storm, windthrows). We investigated a countrywide spruce growing stock decline based on data between 2010 and 2018. Particular focus was placed on identifying the main ecological drivers of this decline, namely geological conditions, climatic parameters, soil attributes, topographic factors and forest stand characteristics. The effects of potential predictors on the relative change (%) in spruce volume (m 3 ha -1 ) during the period 2010-2018 were analysed with Generalized Additive Models. Based on a national dataset including forest compartments (n = 6355) with a spruce growing stock decline > 10%, we found mixed support for ecology-based hypotheses. While spruce decline responded to bedrock type as predicted ( i.e. , greater relative decline in carbonate compared to silicate compartments), higher forest naturalness (preservation of tree species composition) was not associated with a lower decline. Spruce decline was amplified by higher potential evapotranspiration and soil clay content but showed a strong negative relationship with spruce proportion in the year 2010. General trends along the gradients of other selected predictors (stoniness/rockiness and heat load index) were less pronounced. The re-sults suggest that most of these ecological predictors interact with geology and forest naturalness in affecting Norway spruce decline. Our analysis reveals that bedrock type can play an important role due to its mitigating effects. However, forest naturalness is of secondary significance as intensified large-scale forest disturbances likely override its buffering potential.","PeriodicalId":13323,"journal":{"name":"Iforest - Biogeosciences and Forestry","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82765286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling compatible taper and stem volume of pure Scots pine stands in Northeastern Turkey","authors":"B. Sayğili, A. Kahriman","doi":"10.3832/ifor4099-015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3832/ifor4099-015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13323,"journal":{"name":"Iforest - Biogeosciences and Forestry","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85895491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}